THE  UNIVERSITY 


OF  ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY 


From  the  collection  of 
Julius  Doerner,  Chicago 
Purchased,  1918. 


IIUMIS 


": 


;,/5 


7ttE  LIBRAE 

OF  TKE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


MARQUIS' 


A  COMPLETE 


HISTORY,  REFERENCE  BOOK  AND  GUIDE 
TO  THE  CITY. 


Illustrated* 


CHICAGO: 

A.   N.    MARQUIS   &   CO.,  PUBLISHEKS. 
ISSY. 


COPYRIGHT,  1884  AND  1886,  BY 
A.    N.  MIARQUIS   &  COMPANY. 


.' 


PREFACE. 


In  presenting  the  third  annual  edition  of  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK 
OF  CHICAGO  to  the  public  the  publishers  desire  to  express  their 
gratification  at  the  favor  with  which  the  former  editions  have  been 
received,  and  the  general  recognition  accorded  the  book  as  a  stand- 
ard work  upon  the  subjects  embraced  in  its  pages. 

The  original  edition  of  the  work  was  issued  in  October,  1884, 
and  in  the  present  edition  such  additions  and  changes  have  been 
made  in  the  text  as  have  been  rendered  important  by  lapse  of  time, 
and  a  few  new  illustrations  have  also  been  introduced. 

The  work  continues  to  occupy  a  field  peculiarly  its  own,  carry- 
ing out  the  original  design  which,  as  stated  in  the  preface  to  former 
editions,  is  to  give  a  comprehensive  view  of  the  leading  features  of 
the  great  metropolis  of  the  Northwest,  bringing  out  into  bold  relief 
the  social,  business,  religious,  charitable,  educational  and  other 
lines  of  its  progress,  through  tersely  drawn  sketches  of  the  most 
striking  details  of  each,  so  grouped  as  to  convey  a  clear  and  strong 
impression  of  the  growth  and  condition  of  that  element  of  Chicago 
life. 

The  aim  has  been  to  produce  a  book  which  would  answer  the 
questions  of  every  class  of  inquirers,  at  home  and  abroad,  and  it  is 
believed  that  the  task  has  been  at  least  measurably  accomplished, 
and  with  as  great  a  degree  of  accuracy  as  was  attainable  by  the 
employment  of  every  available  means  to  that  end.  It  has  been  the 
endeavor  to  secure  the  utmost  economy  of  space  consistent  with 
fullness  and  accuracy,  with  such  an  arrangement  of  the  matter  as 
will  afford  the  greatest  facility  for  reference.  Hence,  so  far  as 
possible,  subjects  of  a  kindred  nature  have  been  collected  under 
appropriate  headings,  and  an  index  appended  which  the  reader  will 
find  useful. 

The  book  will  be  subjected  to  frequent  and  thorough  revisions, 
and  suggestions  for  improvement  and  information  of  changes  and 
corrections  are  solicited,  and  should  be  addressed  to  A.  N.  Marquis 
&  Co.,  Lakeside  Building,  Chicago. 

JANUARY,  1887. 


700981 


CONTENTS  BY  CHAPTERS. 


Page. 
PREFACE          ....  3 

CHICAGO— AN  HISTORICAL  SKETCH          .        .        .        .        .  5-28 
THE  THOROUGHFARES— STREETS,   AVENUES,  BRIDGES,    TUN- 
NELS, STREET  RAILWAYS            29-38 

TRANSPORTATION   FACILITIES— RAILWAYS,  RIVERS,   CANALS, 

LAKE 39-60 

THE  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS 61-68 

THE  CITY  GOVERNMENT '     .        .        .  69-76 

THE  MILITIA — MILITARY  ORGANIZATIONS  IN  CHICAGO     .        .        77-80 

PARKS  AND  BOULEVARDS 81-98 

CHARITY  AND  BENEVOLENCE — CHARITABLE,  BENEVOLENT  AND 

HUMANE  INSTITUTIONS,  ETC 99-130 

THE  CLUBS  AND  SOCIETIES 131-158 

THE  BURIAL  PLACES 159-172 

THE  RELIGIOUS  INSTITUTIONS — CHURCHES,  ETC.    .        .        .       173-206 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS 207-220 

THE  LIBRARIES  221-226 

ARTS  AND  SCIENCES — ART  AND  SCIENTIFIC  ORGANIZATIONS    .   229-234 

PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT 235-244 

THE  NEWSPAPER  PRESS 245-256 

THE  MUSICAL  SOCIETIES  257-260 

THE  EXCHANGES— AND  BUSINESS  ASSOCIATIONS       .        .        .  261-266 

THE  HOTELS 267-274 

REAL  ESTATE  INTERESTS 275-292 

BUSINESS  HOUSES 289-34b 

INDEX  TO  FULL  PAGE  ILLUSTRATIONS 329 

INDEX  TO  SMALLER  ILLUSTRATIONS 329-330 

INDEX  TO  TEXT 330-336 

FINANCIAL  INSTITUTIONS  ......        283-288 


CHICAGO. 


AN     HISTORICAL     SKETCH 


s 

years  ago,  Louis  Joliet  and 
Father  Jacques  Marquette,  who 
had  journeyed  from  Canada 
in  canoes  to  the  Mississippi 
River,  via  the  Wisconsin  and 
Fox  Rivers,  returned  to  Lake 
Michigan — then  known  as  Lac 
Des  Illinois — by  way  of  the  Illi- 
nois. Desplaines  and  Chicago 
Rivers.*  The  last  named  rivers 
were  till  then  unknown  to  the 
two  explorers,  who  followed 

FIRST  FAMILY  RESIDENCE  IN  CHICAGO.  them  by  the  advice  of  some 

friendly  Indians,  as  a  means  of  shortening  the  return  route. 

In  time  they  came  into  a  narrow  stream  which  was  probably  then 
but  little  more  than  a  slough.  Paddling  along  its  sluggish  current,  the 
keels  of  their  canoes  soon  glided  down  the  soiith  branch  of  the  Chicago 
River,  through  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Chicago,  and  into  the  clear 
waters  of  the  lake. 

So  far  as  is  known,  this  trip  of  Joliet  and  Marquette — one  a  holy 
man,  in  search  of  savage  souls  to  be  saved  and  locations  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  missions,  and  the  other  an  explorer  in  search  of  wealth — 
revealed  to  white  men  their  first  glimpse  of  the  site  of  the  great  city. 

*  Mr.  Albert  D.  Hager,  the  well  known  librarian  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society, 
who  is  jus'ly  regarded  as  high  authority,  contends,  in  an  able  paper  read  before  the 
Society,  that  this  was  not  the  route  followed,  and  shows  clearly  that  it  might  have 
been -but,  as  we  weigh  the  evidence,  not  conclusively— that  it  was,  by  way  of  the 
Des  Plaines,  the  "  sag,"  Stony  Brook,  and  the  Calumet. 


6  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Evidently  what  they  saw  made  no  striking  or  abiding  impression  on 
them.  There  was  nothing  around  this  embouchure  of  a  little  muddy 
stream  which  led  from  the  prairie  into  the  lake,  to  indicate  its  magnifi- 
cent future.  If  the  travelers  saw  anything  of  importance,  or  which 
suggested  the  site  of  a  populous  city,  they  made  no  mention  of  it  in 
their  diary.  They  were  weary  with  their  long  journey,  and  poor  Mar- 
quette  was  oppressed  with  a  premonition  that  he  was  close  to  the  end 
of  the  journey  of  life.  And  so  the  first  white  men  who  ever  saw  the 
site  of  Chicago  passed  it  without  comment.  Fancy  the  holy  exaltation 
of  the  dying  Marquette,  could  he  have  glanced  forward  two  centuries  ! 


SITE  OF  CHICAGO. 

One  may  picture  with  some  degree  of  fidelity  the  scene  these  two 
men  looked  upon,  if  they  cared  to  lift  their  weary  eyes  and  glance 
about  them  during  the  few  moments  that  preceded  their  entry  into 
the  lake.  Away  back  on  the  horizon  a  dead  level  of  green,  with  not  an 
interruption  to  break  the  monotony.  The  water  on  which  they  pad- 
dled was  sluggish,  turbid,  inert,  covered  with  a  slimy  green,  and  con- 
tained within  banks  that  scarcely  rose  above  its  dead  level.  Back  of 
the  lake  for  leagues  the  adjacent  country  was  a  level  morass  from  which 
rose  stalwart  reeds  and  brawny  grasses,  and  over  which  prevailed  an 
inundation  that  seemed  limitless  as  to  extent  and  eternal  as  to  dura- 
tion. Along  the  shores  of  the  lake,  to  the  right  and  left,  interminable 
stretches  of  sand,  now  smooth  as  a  floor,  now  blown  into  dunes,  with 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  7 

here  and  there  patches  of  gnarled  timber,  squat,  unhealthy,  and  add- 
ing a  feature  of  desolation  to  the  scene,  instead  of  relieving  the  mo- 
notonous aspect  of  the  waste.  If  the  two  travel- worn  voyagers  glanced 
at  all  over  the  surroundings,  they  must  have  felt  that  nature  had  here 
made  an  especial  effort  to  construct  a  region  to  be  avoided. 

This  was  in  August,  1673,  and,  considering  the  character  of  the 
location,  it  has  been  none  too  long  since  to  afford  time  in  which  to 
transform  that  area  of  desolation  into  the  marvelous  city  which  now 
fills  its  place. 

For  more  than  a  century  the  sand  dunes  shifted,  the  dwarfed  vege- 
tation died  and  was  renewed,  the  marshy  areas  of  sedge  were  undis- 
turbed. Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Detroit,  St.  Louis  and  other  places 
were  founded,  and  began  their  growth.  There  occurred  the  French  and 
English  wars  in  which  Wolfe  and  Montcalm  died  and  filled  adjacent 
graves.  There  were  British  and  Indian  massacres,  Pontiac,  and  other 
notables,  and  finally  it  was  decided  to  build  a  fort  on  Lake  Michigan 
for  the  protection  of  the  country  from  Canadian  and  Indian  incursions. 
The  site  at  first  selected  was  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake  at  St.  Joseph, 
but  for  some  reason  the  present  site  of  Chicago  *  was  chosen.  And 
then  began  to  exist,  or  to  become  visible,  the  protoplasm  which  in  time 
would,  by  the  processes  of  evolution,  become  the  city  of  Chicago. 

The  river  gave  the  name  to  the  city.  The  stream  was  called  Che- 
caugou  by  the  native  Indians,  and  is  said  to  have  taken  this  designa- 
tion from  a  mephitic  animal  peculiar  to  the  locality,  and  whose  odor 
may  have  been  a  foretaste  of  what  the  completed  city  was  to  experience 
in  after  years  from  the  rendering  establishments  of  "  Bridgeport." 
There  were  Indians  all  about  in  those  far-off  days,. when  the  lake  winds 
sighed  or  roared  among  the  sodden  rushes,  and  Chicago  slept  in  the 
womb  of  the  future.  There  were  first  the  Miamis  and  Mascoutins,  and 
later  the  Pottawatomies  and  others,  who  made  forays  for  scalps  and 
phinder  on  adjacent  tribes,  and  were  in  turn  raided  by  their  enemies, 
when  they  yielded  such  of  their  scalps,  ponies,  and  other  aboriginal 
assets  as  they  could  not  retain. 

For  a  time  the  region  about  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  Kiver  was  in 
the  possession  of  France.  French  priests  visited  it,  and  there  are 
various  legends,  traditions  and  the  like,  which  go  to  establish  the  fact 

*  Chicago  is  situated  about  the  fork  and  mouth  of  the  Chicago  River,  on  the  west 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  near  the  head  of  that  fine  inland  sea,  in  latitude  41°  52' 
north,  and  longitude  87°  35'  west.  The  city  comprises  an  area  of  23,010  acres,  which 
is  divided  into  north,  south  and  west  divisions  (commonly  known  as  North  Side, 
South  Side  and  West  Side)  by  the  river  and  its  branches. 


8  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOS  OF  CHICAGO. 

that  there  were  a  half  dozen  or  more  white  men  who  were  "  the  first " 
to  visit  the  locality.  Marquette  is  the  one  who  stands  most  promi- 
nently in  this  connection  and,  as  the  original  white  pioneer,  will  prob- 
ably go  down  to  posterity  on  the  stream  of  history.  This  much,  how- 
ever, seems  to  be  settled  :  In  1795  the  Indian  residents  ceded  to  the 
United  States  an  area  of  six  miles  square,  on  Avhich,  in  1803,  Fort 
Dearborn  was  erected. 

Back  of  this  date,  there  is  but  little  which  does  not  belong  to  the 
age  of  myth,  like  the  period  of  Eomulus  with  reference  to  the  future 
city  of  Rome.  Back  of  all  great  cities  there  lies  a  period  which  is  dim 
and  mysterious,  of  which  much  is  conjectured,  asserted  and  denied, 
but  little  or  nothing  is  known.  Even  Chicago,  the  newest  and  most 
enterprising  of  modern  cities,  has  its  mythical  past  into  which  enter 
few  save  the  disputatious,  and  whose  character,  even  if  fully  known, 
would  confer  no  great  benefit  on  posterity.  It  was,  then,  in  1803  that 
Chicago  entered  on  her  historical  period.  For  over  a  century  prior  to 
this  date,  the  French  had  more  or  less  occupied  the  locality  ;  and  when 
the  time  came  for  their  removal,  they  must  have  felt  as  did  the  Moors 
of  Grenada  when  expelled  by  the  Spaniards  after  soms  eight  hundred 
years  of  almost  undisturbed  ownership. 

From  1779  to  1796,  a  period  of  seventeen  years,  one  Baptiste  Point 
DeSaible,  a  San  Domingo  negro,  resided  here  as  a  trader  among  the 
Pottawatomie  Indians.  His  cabin  was  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the 
main  branch  of  the  river,  and  near  where  it  turns  to  the  south.  In 
1796  he  sold  his  landed  possessions  to  LeMai,  a  French  trader,  and  re- 
turned to  Peoria,  whence  he  had  come,  and  soon  afterward  died. 

July  4,  1803,  marked  an  «vent  in  the  history  of  the  place  that 
signalized  the  beginning  of  a  new  epoch.  In  those  days  the  selection 
of  a  site  for  a  frontier  fort  was  generally  made  with  an  eye  to  the 
advantages  of  its  location  in  respect  to  certain  facilities  and  surround- 
ings that  constitute  prime  elements  in  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  a 
city.  This  was  the  case  with  Chicago.  The  government  having  found 
the  situation  most  favorable  for  its  purpose,  Capt.  John  Whistler,  who 
was  in  command  of  a  company  of  regular  troops  stationed  at  Detroit, 
was  ordered  to  proceed  to  this  point  and  construct  a  fort.  Capt. 
AVhistler  came  in  a  sailing  vessel,  accompanied  by  his  wife  and  son 
George,  and  his  eldest  son,  Lieut.  William  Whistler,  and  young  bride, 
leaving  Lieut.  Jas.  S.  Swerrington  to  bring  the  soldiers  around  by  land. 
The  vessel  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  Chicago  River  on  the  day  men- 
tioned, and  thus,  on  the  anniversary  of  American  independence,  in 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO.  9 

1803,  began  the  story  of  a  municipal  growth  that  was  destined  to 
surpass  that  of  any  other  city  of  the  old  and  new  worlds.  Capt. 
Whistler  commenced  operations  by  the  construction  of  Fort  Dear- 
born, on  the  point  of  land  extending  between  the  lake  and  the  south 
bank  of  Chicago  Kiver,  the  enclosure  including  a  portion  of  Michigan 
Avenue  as  it  now  is.  The  fort  consisted  of  two  block  houses,  from 
which  there  led  an  underground  passage  to  the  river,  for  the  purpose, 
probably,  of  securing^  an  outlet  to  water  in  case  of  siege.  The  grounds 
occupied  were  quite  spacious,  being  sufficient  for  a  parade  ground,  and 
also  to  furnish  a  garden  for  the  cultivation  of  vegetables.  The  entire 
space  was  enclosed  by  a  strong  palisade.  Just  outside  of  the  palisade, 
on  the  west  of  the  fort,  was  a  log  house  used  as  a  warehouse  for  the 
storage  of  goods  intended  for  distribution  among  the  Indians.  The 
fort  was  garrisoned  at  this  period  by  a  force  of  sixty-two  officers  and 
privates.  There  were  three  pieces  of  artillery  and  the  necessary 
amount  of  small  arms.  The  site  of  the  fort  was  very  charming,  being 
one  of  the  highest  points  on  the  lake,  and  commanding  an  excellent 
view  in  every  direction.  There  is  a  vague  legend  that  this  fort  was  not 
the  first  which  occupied  the  spot,  and  that  as  far  back, as  1718  there 
had  been  a  fort  in  the  same  locality.  But  this  misty  legend  cannot 
be  allowed  to  rob  Fort  Dearborn  of  the  honor  of  having  been  the 
pioneer  enterprise  of  the  kind  in  this  vicinit3r. 

The  first  permanent  white  settler  was  John  Kinzie,  who  came  to 
Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1804,  and  who  was  the  progenitor  of  the 
numerous  and  respectable  family  of  that  name  that  was  so  much  iden- 
tified with  the  early  history  of  the  Garden  City.  He  was  a  silversmith 
by  trade,  but  acted  as  Indian  sub-agent,  and  Indian  trader.  He  was  a 
Canadian  by  birth,  and  died  here  in  1828,  at  the  age  of  sixty-five 
years.  He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  founders  of  the  city,  although  it 
AV.IS  many  years  after  his  death  before  it  began  to  exhibit  any  indica- 
tions of  its  surpassing  future. 

Mr.  Kinzie  became  the  owner  of  the  cabin  formerly  occupied  by  the 
San  Domingoan,  DeSaible.  He  enlarged  and  improved  it  from  time 
to  time  until  he  made  it  a  comfortable  home  and  a  hospitable  shelter 
to  all  who  found  its  doors.  The  old  "  Kinzie  House,"  as  it  is  now 
familiarly  called,  was  last  occupied  by  Mark  Noble  who,  with  his 
family,  lived  in  it  as  late  as  1832.  At  that  time,  however,  it  was  fast 
going  to  decay,  and  it  shortly  afterward  became  a  thing  of  the  past. 
It  was  the  first  family  residence  in  Chicago. 

There  is  a  lively  discussion  as  to  who  had  the  honor  to  be  the  first 


10  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

white  child  born  in  Chicago.  A  daughter  of  John  Kinzie,  just  men- 
tioned, named  Ellen  Marion,  was  born  in  December,  1805.  Some 
children  had  been  born  in  the  fort,  but  as  the  military  were  not  per- 
manent residents,  and  perhaps  a  little  out  of  deference  to  the  sex,  the 
honor  is  generally  conceded  to  Ellen  Marion  Kinzie. 

There  was  but  little  change  in  or  about  Fort  Dearborn  for  several 
years.  The  visitors  were  chiefly  Indians ;  the  inhabitants  were  few 
although  fairly  prosperous.  In  the  summer  of  1812,  the  entire  popu- 
lation consisted  of  John  Kinzie  and  family;  a  French  laborer  named 
Oulimette  ;  a  Mr.  Burns  with  wife  and  children ;  and  some  four  miles 
up  the  South  Branch  was  a  farmer  named  White,  tenant  of  a  land- 
owner, named  Lee,  and  three  French  laborers  in  White's  employ. 
Within  the  fort  there  resided  Capt.  Heald,  Lieut.  Helm  and  Sergt. 
Holt,  and  their  families.  In  addition  to  these  there  were  some  sixty- 
four  soldiers,  of  whom  twelve  were  militia.  All  of  the  officers  of  the 
year  1803  had  been  changed,  Heald  taking  the  place  of  Whistler; 
Lieut.  Helm  held  the  second  place  ;  George  Kohan  was  ensign  and  Van 
Voorhis,  surgeon. 

And  now  there  came  into  view  on  the  horizon  a  cloud,  at  first  "  no 
bigger  than  a  man's  hand,"  but  which  speedily  became  a  hurricane  of 
most  deadly  force.  War  Avas  declared  by  the  United  States  against 
Great  Britain,  and  the  Winnebagoes  and  PottaAvatomies  became  hostile 
to  the  whites.  As  early  as  April,  1812,  the  first- named  tribe  made  a 
stealthy  raid  against  the  settlement,  and  managed  to  kill  and  scalp 
White,  and  one  of  the  French  laborers  employed  by  him.  The  other 
two  escaped,  made  their  way  to  the  fort  and  gave  the  alarm  ;  but  from 
this  time  till  August  nothing  serious  occurred,  beyond  some  small  raids 
made  by  the  Indians  for  the  purpose  of  stealing  cattle,  or  in  the  hope 
of  securing  the  scalp  of  some  unsuspicious  laggard  ah  out  the  settlement. 

An  order  came  from  Gen.  Hull,  at  Detroit,  for  the  garrison  of  Fort 
Dearborn  to  move  out  and  go  to  Fort  Wayne,  unless  in  a  condition  to 
stand  a  siege.  Capt.  Heald  is  represented  as  a  man  who  lacked  decis- 
ion of  character,  and  hence  did  not  comprehend  the  situation.  It  is 
now  conceded  that  had  he  moved  at  once  after  getting  the  order,  or 
even  had  he  staid  and  made  a  determined  defense,  he  would  have  es- 
caped the  calamity  which  soon  after  overtook  him.  He  concluded  to 
evacuate  the  fort,  against  the  advice  of  his  subordinate  officers,  of  Mr. 
Kinzie,  and  of  some  friendly  Indians;  but  in  place  of  carrying  out  his 
resolution  at  once,  he  determined  to  try  and  placate  the  Indians  by 
calling  them  together  and  dividing  among  them  the  stores  which  re- 


12  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

mained  on  band,  and  which  he  could  not  carry  with  him.  The  meeting 
with  the  Pottawatomies  was  held  on  the  12th  of  August,  and  it  was 
agreed  that  the  stores  should  ba  divided  among  them,  and  that  they 
should  furnish  an  escort  for  the  garrison  to  Fort  Wayne,  for  which  they 
were  to  receive  a  liberal  reward. 

The  agreement  to  give  the  Indians  arms,  ammunition  and  whisky  was 
so  clearly  disadvantageous  and  dangerous  to  the  whites,  and  Mr.  Kinzie 
protested  so  strongly  against  its  being  carried  into  effect,  that  Capt. 
Heald  took  advantage  of  the  darkness  of  the  night  to  break  open  the 
barrels  of  whisky  and  let  the  contents  run  into  the  river,  and  at  the 
same  time  to  throw  the  surplus  ammunition  and  muskets  into  a  well. 
This  operation  was  witnessed  by  some  prowling  savages,  who  reported 
it  to  the  others  and  thus  aroused  a  deadly  animosity  against  the  whites. 
On  the  15th,  the  evacuation  of  the  fort  was  begun.  On  the  day  pre- 
vious Capt.  William  Wells,  with  some  fifteen  Miamis,  reached  the  fort 
from  Fort  Wayne,  but  it  was  concluded  that  it  was  useless  to  attempt  to 
defend  the  place,  even  with  this  addition,  as  the  Indians  were  too  nu- 
merous and  the  means  of  opposition  too  limited.  Mr.  Kinzie  had  been 
warned  that  the  Pottawatomies  meant  mischief,  and  that  he  must  not 
accompany  the  troops  overland,  but  must  put  his  family  on  a  boat 
and  proceed  across  the  lake  where  he  could  join  the  troops  on  the  other 
side — provided  the  troops  were  allowed  to  proceed  on  their  march. 

Mr.  Kinzie  acted  on  this  advice,  and  placed  his  wife  and  four 
younger  children  in  the  boat,  in  which  there  were  also  the  nurse  of  the 
children,  a  clerk  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  two  servants,  the  boatmen,  and  two  In- 
dians who  Avere  acting  as  their  protectors.  Mr.  Kinzie  was  urged  to 
join  the  party  in  the  boat,  but  declined  to  do  so,  as  he  foresaw  the 
storm,  and  thought  he  might  be  of  sarvice  in  warding  off  some  of  its 
effects.  The  boat  started,  but  had  scarcely  gotten  under  way  when  a 
messenger  from  the  friendly  Indians  arrived  and  told  them  to  remain 
where  they  were.  They  had  reached  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  from 
this  point  saw  much  of  the  conflict  which  almost  immediately  followed. 
Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  oldest  son  accompanied  the  troops  in  their  march 
from  the  fort,  the  former  knowing  that  he  would  not  be  attacked,  as 
the  savages  were  friendly  to  him,  and  he  hoped  to  be  of  some  service  to 
the  others.  The  troops  filed  slowly  out  of  the  fort,  the  band  ominously 
playing  the  Dead  March.  Capt.  Wells  led  the  way  with  his  Miamis,  and 
knowing  that  death  was  almost  certain,  he  had  blacked  his  face  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  custom  of  the  Indians  among  whom  he  had  been 
reared. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  13 

The  little  column  proceeded  south  along  the  shore  of  the  lake,  keep- 
ing on  the  sand.  On  the  prairie  higher  up  moved  the  escort  of  In- 
dians, numbering  some  five  hundred  warriors.  All  went  well  until  the 
column  had  reached  a  point  on  the  shore  of  the  lake  near  what  is  now 
the  foot  of  Eighteenth  Street.  Just  then  Capt.  Wells,  who  had  been 
riding  a  little  in  advance  with  his  Miamis,  came  furiously  back,  and 
announced  that  the  Indians  were  about  to  attack  them.  A  moment  later 
the  Indians  commenced  tiring  on  the  column  from  the  sand  hills  along 
the  edge  of  the  prairie,  and  at  once  the  troops  formed  in  line  and 
charged  up  the  bank.  At  the  first  discharge,  the  Miamis  fled  without 
fii-ing  a  shot.  Capt.  Wells  alone  disdained  to  fly,  and  was  speedily 
shot,  scalped,  and  his  heart  taken  out  with  the  savage  idea  that  his 
captors  might  acquire  some  of  his  courage  by  devouring  it.  Mrs. 
Helm,  the  wife  of  Lieut.  Helm,  was  one  of  the  party  marching  from 
the  fort,  and  her  account  of  the  massacre  has  become  historical.  The 
troops  fought  gallantly,  forced  their  way  through  the  Indians,  and 
reached  a  little  elevation  on  the  prairie,  where,  finding  the  fighting 
useless,  they  sent  an  interpreter  and  negotiated  a  surrender  on  condi- 
tion that  their  lives  should  be  spared,  and  that  they  should  be  allowed 
to  ransom  themselves  as  soon  as  practicable. 

The  loss  of  the  Indians  is  stated  at  about  fifteen.  The  loss  of  the 
whites  was  large,  about  fifty  in  all.  Of  all  that  left  the  fort,  there  re- 
mained at  the  surrender  twenty-five  non-commissioned  officers  and 
privates,  and  eleven  women  and  children.  All  the  wounded  prisoners 
were  killed  and  mutilated.  Among  those  killed  were  Surgeon  Van 
Voorhis,  Ensign  Kohan  and  Capt.  Wells.  The  wounded  were  Capt. 
Heald  and  his  wife,  and  Lieut,  and  Mrs.  Helm.  The  latter,  however, 
managed  to  retain  her  senses  and  preserve  for  posterity  the  only  reli- 
able and  connected  account  of  the  fight.  She  was  a  most  gallant 
woman,  the  step-daiighter  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  to  whom  she  was  indebted  for 
examples  of  courage  and  gallantry  that  did  her  essential  service.  She 
was  attacked  by  a  young  Indian  who  attempted  to  tomahawk  her,  but 
she  avoided  the  blow  aimed  at  her  head,  and  received  it  on  her 
shoulder.  She  was  just  then  seized  by  a  friendly  Indian  in  disguise, 
who  bore  her  to  the  lake,  and,  in  pretending  to  attempt  to  drown  her, 
he  saved  her  life.  Mrs.  Heald  was  badly  wounded  by  bullets,  and  was 
on  the  point  of  being  scalped,  when  she  was  rescued  by  a  friendly  In- 
dian on  guard  at  the  boat  of  the  Kinzie  party,  her  captor  foregoing  the 
pleasure  of  scalping  her  on  condition  of  the  immediate  payment  of  a 
mule,  and  ten  bottles  of  whisky  at  a  later  date.  The  latter  portion  of 


14  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

the  reward  seems  to  have  proved  irresistible;  the  savage  released  her 
and  she  was  taken  into  the  boat.  Kohan,  the  ensign,  fought  to  the 
last  and  died  courageously.  Surgeon  Van  Voorhis  was  wounded,  and 
pitifully  appealed  to  Mrs.  Helm,  who  was  near  him,  to  do  something 
to  save  him.  He  died  very  unwillingly. 

Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family  were  cared  for  by  the  friendly  Indians 
Avho  saved  their  lives,  but  Mr.  K.  underwent  a  long  and  shifting  im- 
prisonment at  the  hands  of  the  British,  and  Avas  at  last  released  uncon- 
ditionally. After  his  death  in  Chicago,  January,  1828,  he  was  first 
interred  on  the  shore  of  the  lake  near  his  residence.  Later  he  was 
reinterred  in  the  burying  ground  near  where  the  North  Side  water- 
works now  stand,  and  again  in  the  cemetery  formerly  located  in  the 
southern  portion  of  what  is  now  Lincoln  Park.  A  few  years  ago  his 
post-mortem  wanderings  were  terminated  by  his  remains  being  trans- 
ferred, to  Graceland  Cemetery. 

The  Indians  burned  Fort  Dearborn,  and  Chicago  had  undergone  its 
first  great  trial. 

The  same  year  the  first  territorial  legislature  of  Illinois  met,  and  it 
is  said  of  them,  in  "  Western  Annals,"  that  "  they  did  their  work  like 
men  devoted  to  business  matters.  Not  a  lawyer  nor  an  attorney  is  found 
on  the  list."  Six  years  later  the  territory  was  organized  into  a  state. 
In  1829  the  state,  by  authority  of  Congress,  inaugurated  operations  for 
the  building  of  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal,  and  soon  after  this  the 
real  evolution  of  Chicago  commenced.  In  1831  the  county  of 
Cook  was  organized,  Chicago  being  made  the  county  seat,  and  on  Aiig. 
10,  1833,  the  town  of  Chicago  came  into  being.  The  vote  by  which 
the  people  decided  to  incorporate  themselves  was  thirteen — twelve 
for,  and  one  against.  There  were  twenty-eight  votes  cast  at  the  elec- 
tion for  town  officers  five  days  later.  The  first  pxiblic  building  con- 
structed after  the  town  was  established  was  a  log  jail,  and  the  next  was 
an  estray  pen.  T.  J.  V.  Owen,  George  W.  Dole,  Madore  B.  Beaubien,  John 
Miller  and.  E.  5.  Kiinberly  were  the  first  trustees.  They  proceeded  to 
lay  out  the  town  of  Chicago  in  modest  dimensions,  as  folloAVs  :  Begin- 
ning at  the  intersection  of  Jackson  and  Jefferson  Streets,  thence  north 
to  Cook  Street,  and  through  that  street  to  its  eastern  extension  in  Wa- 
bansia,  thence  on  a  direct  line  tOAvard  Ohio  Street  to  Kinzie's  Addition, 
thence  eastwardly  to  the  lake  shore,  thence  south  with  the  line  of  the 
beach  to  the  northern  United  States  pier,  thence  northAvardly  along 
said  pier  to  its  termination,  thence  to  the  channel  of  the  Chicago  Eiver, 
thence  along  said  channel  until  it  intersects  the  eastern  boundary  line 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


15 


of  the  town  of  Chicago  as  laid  out  by  the  canal  commissioners,  thence 
southwardly  with  said  line  till  it  meets  Jackson  Stre  t,  tlience  west- 
wardly  along  the  line  of  Jackson  Street  until  it  reaches  the  point  of 
beginning. 

In  1832  the  total  collection  of  taxes  amounted  to  $357.78,  the 
most  of  which  came  from  licenses  to  keep  tavern  and  sell  goods.  At 
that  period  there  were  no  mail  routes  or  post  roads  in  this  section,  and 
of  course  no  postofflce  in  Chicago.  The  only  method  of  getting  mail 
was  to  send  a  half-breed  Indian  once  in  two  weeks  to  Niles,  in  Michi- 
gan, and  he  was  always  instructed  to  get  possession  of  all  the  news- 
papers available,  and  bring  them  back  to  Chicago.  The  trip  was  made 
on  foot,  and  usually  occu- 
pied a  week.  The  promi- 
nent families  here  at  this 
time  were  those  of  James 
Kinzie  (son  of  the  famous 
John  Kinzie),  who  lived  at 
Wolf's  Point  at  the  junction 
of  the  North  and  South 
Branches  of  the  river;  Elijah. 
Wentworth,  who  kept  a  tav- 
ern ;  WTilliam  See,  Alexander 
Robinson,  Robert  A.  Kinzie, 
Samuel  See,  who  lived  on 
the  north  side  of  the  North 
Branch,  nearly  opposite 
Wolf's  Point,  and  who,  in 
company  with  his  brother, 
John  Miller,  kept  a  tavern ; 
and  Mark  Beaubien,  also  a 

tavern  keeper,  who  lived  on  the  east  side  of  the  South  Branch  just 
above  its  junction  with  the  North  Branch.  There  was  also  an  Indian 
trader  named  Bourasso,  and  a  family  named  Boliveu,  who  lived  just 
south  of  the  fort.  There  were  two  or  three  other  families,  but  the 
preparation  of  a  directory  of  Chicago,  as  it  then  was,  would  be  a 
work  of  but  few  minutes. 

There  was  something  of  an  Indian  scare  when  Black  Hawk  broke 
loose  from  the  south  in  1832,  and  at  one  time  there  were  several  hun- 
dred fugitives  in  the  fort,  who  fled  there  for  protection  against  ex- 
pected raids.  It  was  in  this  war  that  Abraham  Lincoln  gained  his 


SITE  OF  OLD  FORT  DEARBORN, 
RIVER  STREET  AND  MICHIGAN  AVENUE. 


16 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


renown  as  a  soldier,  and.  many  other  heroes  appeared  who  afterward 
reaped  a  generous  reward  from  their  grateful  country.  In  the  samcx 
year  George  W.  Dole  inaugurated  the  slaughtering  and  packing  indus- 
try, by  killing  and  packing  200  head  of  cattle  and  350  head  of  hogs. 
This  was  but  an  humble  beginning  of  what  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the 
greatest  industries  of  modern  Chicago. 

Meamvhile  Fort  Dearborn  had  been  rebuilt,  and  a  garrison  occupied 
it  until  June,  1833,  at  which  time  there  were  about  a  dozen  families 
settled  about  the  fort.  The  site  of  the  old  fort  is  now  occupied  by  a 
massive  five-story  business  block,  within  the  angle  formed  by  the 
junction  of  Kiver  Street  and  Michigan  Avenue.  This  building,  which 
is  shown  in  an  accompanying  illustration,  bears  on  its  north  front  a 
marble  tablet  with  the  following  inscription  : 


THIS  BUILDING  OCCUPIES  THE  SITE  OF  OLD  FORT  DEARBORN,  WHICH 
EXTENDED  A  LITTLE  ACROSS  MICHIGAN  AVENUE  AND  SOME- 
WHAT INTO  THE  RIVER  AS  IT  NOW  IS. 

THE  FORT  WAS  BUILT  IN  1803-4,  FORMING  OUR  OUTMOST  DEFENSE. 

BY  ORDER  OF  GEN.  HULL  IT  WAS  EVACUATED  AUG.  15,  1812,  AFTER 
ITS  STORES  AND  PROVISIONS  HAD  BEEN  DISTRIB- 
UTED AMONG  THE  INDIANS. 

Very  soon  after,  the  Indians  attacked  and  massacred  about  fifty 
of  the  troops  and  a  number  of  citizens,  including  women  and  children, 
and  next  day  burned  the  fort.  In  1816  it  was  rebuilt,  but  after  the 
Black  Hawk  war  it  went  into  gradual  disuse,  and  in  May,  1837,  was 
abandoned  by  the  army,  but  was  occupied  by  various  government  offi- 
cers till  1857,  when  it  was  torn  down,  excepting  a  single  building, 
which  stood  upon  the  site  till  the  great  fire  of  Oct.  9,  1871. 

At  the  suggestion  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society  this  tablet  was 
erected,  November,  1880,  by  W.  M.  HOYT. 


Mark  Beaitbien,  the  original  tavern-keeper  of  Chicago,  but  a 
short  time  since  yielded  up  a  life  of  far  more  than  average  length. 
He  came  to  Chicago  from  Michigan  in  1820,  and  bought  from  John 
Kinzie  a  small  log  house  which  stood  about  where  the  corner  of  Lake 
and  Market  Streets  is  now  located,  paying  $100  for  it:  This  cabin 
was  transformed  into  the  famous  "Sauganash"  tavern,  and  was  the 
humble  pioneer  of  the  Grand  Pacific,  Palmer,  Tremout,  Sherman,  and 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


17 


other  palatial  hotels  of  Chicago.  In  later  years,  in  response  to  an 
inquiry  as  to  his  manner  of  keeping  tavern  in  the  olden  time,  Mr. 
Beaubien  said  ;  "I  had  no  ped,  but  when  traveler  came  for  lodging,  I 
give  him  planket  to  cover  himself  up  on  the  floor,  and  tell  him  to  look 
out,  for  Ingin  steal  it.  Den  when  he  gits  to  sleep  I  take  de  planket 
way  careful  and  give  it  to  noder  man  and  tell  him  same,  so  I  always 
have  peds  for  all  dat  want  em."  He  was  the  father  of  twenty-six  chil- 
dren, of  whom  sixteen  were  by  his  first,  and  the  rest  by  his  second 
wife. 

On  the  26th  of  November,  1833,  there  occurred  an  event  which 
was  of  more  importance  to  the  destinies  of  the  coming  city  than  all 
that  had  before  taken  place.  This  was  the  establishment  of  a  news- 


CHICAGO  IN  1845. 

paper,  the  first  enterprise  of  the  kind,  and  known  as  The  Chicago 
Democrat.  John  Calhoun  was  the  daring  person  who  took  this  initial 
step,  and  he  is  to  the  journalists  of  Chicago  what  Columbus  is  to 
modern  explorers.  The  place  of  publication  was  at  the  corner  of 
LaSalle  and  South  Water  Streets.  The  first  number  urged  strongly  the 
beginning  and  completion  of  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal,  in  order 
to  facilitate  intercourse  between  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  adjded  that,  "'with  even  the  present  limited  system  of  navi- 
gation, goods  have  been  transported  from  New  York  to  St.  Louis  in 
the  short  space  of  twenty-three  days."  The  issue  of  April  16,  1834, 
commenced  a  marine  record,  announcing  the  arrival  of  one  schooner 
from  St.  Joseph,  and  the  departure  of  two  others. 

Wolf  and  bear  hunting  with  in  the  corporate  limits  of  the  town  was 
2 


18 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


one  of  the  amusements  that  were  sometimes  resorted  to  both  for  pas- 
time and  for  the  protection  of  the  pigs,  sheep,  fowls,  etc.  In  October, 
1835,  a  bear  was  treed  in  the  woods  near  what  is  now  the  corner  of 
Market  and  Jackson  Streets,  and  many  wolves  were  killed  the  succeed- 
ing winter  in  the  same  locality.  During  the  summer  sea  ;on  of  1834, 
Chicago  was  visited  once  a  week  by  a  steamboat  from  Lake  Erie,  and 
the  same  year  the  schooner  Illinois  entered  Chicago  Elver,  being  the 
first  vessel  that  performed  this  feat.  Before,  owing  to  a  bar  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  vessels  had  to  unload  outside  aud  handle  their 
cargoes  with  lighters,  but  a  freshet  came,  and  opened  a  channel  for 
the  admission  of  this  vessel.  Considering  the  "bridge  nuisance  "  of 


OLD  SALOON  BUILDING. 

to-day,  there  are  many  who  will  regret  that  a  vessel  was  ever  found  to 
make  the  initial  passage. 

Chicago  now  had  several  taverns,  a  newspaper,  a  packing  establish- 
ment, a  ferry  or  two,  and  a  marine  list.  In  religious  progress  it  was 
not  behind.  The  Jesuits  had  preached  to  the  Indians  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  ;  and  in  1833  no  less  than  four  of  the  principal  denomi- 
nations were  represented,  viz :  Catholic,  Methodist,  Presbyterian  and 
Baptist. 

The  year  1836  was  a  notable  one  in  the  history  of  Chicago.  On 
the  18th  of  May  of  that  year  the  first  ship  built  here  was  launched 
amidst  the  rejoicing  of  the  entire  population  of  the  village.  July  4th 
of  that  year  was  not  only  the  national  anniversary,  but  was  the  day  on 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  19 

which  the  first  sol  was  turned  in  the  work  of  excavating  the  Illinois 
&  Michigan  Canal.  Such  a  thing  as  a  railway  connection  with  Chi- 
cago was  not  dreamed  of  at  that  time,  and  the  future  of  the  city  was 
supposed  to  depend  on  the  water  connection  between  the  lake  and  the 
Mississippi  River.  This  year  was  also  the  one  in  which  Chicago  put 
off  her  rural  garments,  and  modestly  but  hopefully  arrayed  herself  in 
the  garb  of  a  young  city.  The  actual  and  legal  incorporation  of  the 
city  was  not  effected  until  a  year  later — March  4,  1837, — but  in  1836 
the  necessary  steps  were  taken  by  the  people,  and  at  that  date,  de 
facto  if  not  de  jure,  the  city  of  Chicago  became  a  fixed  fact.  At  the 
first  city  election  William  B.  Ogden,  the  Democratic  candidate,  was 
elected  mayor,  his  opponent,  John  H.  Kinzie,  being  the  Whig  repre- 
sentative. The  entire  vote  was  706,  of  which  Mr.  Ogden  received  469, 
and  Mr.  Kinzie  237. 

The  map  of  that  year  gives  the  boundaries  of  Chicago  as  follows : 
On  the  south  by  Twenty-second  Street,  on  the  west  by  Wood  Street,  on 
the  north  by  North  Avenue  and  on  the  east  by  the  lake.  This  bound- 
ary included  the  grounds  of  the  fort  and  some  land  along  the  lake 
shore  extending  a  half  mile  north  of  North  Avenue,  which  were 
reserved. 

The  first  meetings  of  the  municipal  authorities  were  held  in  what 
was  called  the  Saloon  Building,  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Lake  and 
Clark  Streets.  Five  years  later  the  meetings  were  held  in  a  private 
building  on  the  corner  of  LaSalle  and  Randolph  Streets.  The  first 
city  hall  was  constructed  in  Market  Building,  a  structure  erected  by 
the  city,  and  which  stood  in  the  center  of  State  Street,  with  its  south 
front  on  a  line  with  Randolph,  and  extending  north  toward  Lake.  The 
lower  floor  was  a  market,  and  the  upper  floor  was  arranged  for  the  uses 
of  the  municipality.  In  1851  a  joint  court-house  was  built  by  the 
county  and  city  on  Court-House  Square,  the  site  of  the  present  city  and 
county  buildings,  and  was  used  until  it  was  destroyed  by  the  great  fire 
of  1871. 

Chicago  grew  rapidly  after  its  incorporation  as  a  city,  and  it  was 
believed  by  those  who  had  land  to  sell  that  in  the  future  it  would  reach 
a  population  of  not  less  than  one  hundred  thousand  souls.  The  year 
of  its  incorporation,  however,  it  encountered  its  first  serious  obstacle 
in  the  financial  panic  of  that  and  the  following  year.  The  demand  for 
real  estate  fell  off  very  heavily,  as  may  be  gathered  from  the  sales  of 
the  canal  company,  which  in  1835  were  over  three  hundred  and  sev- 
enty thousand  acres ;  the  next  year  over  two  hundred  and  two  thou- 


20  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

sand,  and  in  1837  less  than  sixteen  thousand  acres.  There  "was  an 
improvement  the  succeeding  year,  when  the  sales  mounted  up  to  one 
hundred  and  sixty  thousand.  Many  people  left  the  city  during  the  two 
years  referred  to,  under  the  conviction  that  Chicago's  day  of  prosperity 
was  passed,  and  that  it  was  doomed  to  extinction  as  a  city. 

Statistics  show  that  from  1832  to  1853  real  estate  increased  in 
value  at  a  rate  which  is  almost  beyond  belief.  Lots  3  and  4  in  block 
31,  for  instance,  were  worth  $102  in  1832,  and  sold  for  $108,  000 
in  1853.  Several  lots  held  by  Beaubien  and  the  Kinzies  at  $346  in 
1832,  were  sold  in  1853  at  $540,000.  The  rise  in  general,  during 
this  period,  was  scarcely  less  on  an  average  than  that  exhibited  in  the 
instances  cited. 

The  next  serious  set-back  Chicago  had  after  the  panic  of  1837-38 
was  the  flood  of  1849,  the  consequences  of  which  were  serious.  The 
inundation  occurred  in  March  and  was  produced  by  the  overflow  of  the 
Desplaines  River.  The  South  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River  was  filled 
with  ice,  which  was  soon  undermined  by  the  flood  from  the  Desplaiues. 
There  were  many  vessels  in  the  river,  and  these  were  crushed  in  the 
advancing  gorge  of  ice.  The  pushing  mass  included  everything  in  its 
march,  and  this  added  to  its  deadly  character.  Some  forty  vessels  were 
utterly  destroyed,  and  the  only  bridge  in  the  city  was  annihilated. 
The  damage  to  the  shipping,  wharves  and  city  generally  was  estimated 
at  considerably  over  a  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

In  1850  Chicago  had  forty-two  miles  of  railway  on  the  .Galena  line, 
which  was  commenced  in  1847.  Two  years  later  it  was  connected 
with  the  east  by  the  Michigan  Southern  Railway,  and  from  that  time 
to  the  present  its  progress  as  a  railway  center  has  been  without  a  par- 
allel in  modern  civilization. 

An  event  of  considerable  importance  took  place  in  1855,  when  Dr. 
Levi  D.  Boone  was  mayor,  having  been  elected  on  the  Know  Nothing 
ticket.  One  of  his  first  official  acts  was  to  recommend  to  the  common 
council  that  the  license  for  saloons  be  raised  from  $50  per  annum  to 
$300,  and  that  no  license  be  issued  for  more  than  three  months.  This 
excited  great  opposition  among  the  liquor  sellers  and  their  friends, 
who  banded  together  to  resist  the  movement.  The  attempt  to  collest 
the  new  license,  and  to  enforce  the  Sunday  law  which  had  long  been  a 
dead  letter,  led  to  great  excitement,  and  during  the  pendency  of  a  trial 
of  one  of  the  offenders,  a  great  crowd  gathered  on  the  corner  of  Ran- 
dolph and  Clark  Streets,  filling  both  thoroughfares  and  totally  ob- 
structing travel.  In  the  afternoon  the  police  and  the  mob  came  into 


22 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


violent  contact.  There  was  a  good  deal  of  shooting  on  both  sides,  and 
although  the  official  reports  show  but  one  man  killed  on  the  side  of 
the  rioters,  it  is  believed  that  several  were  killed  and  carried  off  by 
their  friends,  or  else  died  later  from  wounds  received  in  the  melee. 
A  couple  of  pieces  of  artillery  were  brought  out  and  placed  in  position 
for  service,  but  the  police  handled  the  mob,  and  dispersed  it  without 
great  difficulty. 

The  greatest  event  in  the  history  of  Chicago  was  the  Great  Fire,  as 
it  is  termed,  which  broke  out  on  the  evening  of  Oct.  8,  1871.  Chicago 
was  at  that  time  a  city  of  wood.  For  a  long  time  prior  to  the  evening 
referred  to  there  had  been  blowing  a  hot  wind  from  the  southwest, 
which  had  dried  everything  to  the  inflammability  of  tinder,  and  it  was 
upon  a  mass  of  sun  and  wind  dried  wooden  structures  that  the  fire 

began  its  work.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  have  originated 
from  the  accidental  upset- 
ting of  a  kerosene  lamp  in 
a  cow-barn  on  DeKoven 
Street,  near  the  corner  of 
Jefferson,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river.  This  region 
was  composed  largely  of 
shanties,  and  the  fire  spread 
very  rapidly,  soon  crossing 
the  river  to  the  South  Side, 
and  fastening  on  that  portion 
of  the  city  which  contained  nearly  all  the  leading  business  houses,  and 
which  was  built  up  very  largely  with  stone  and  brick.  But  it  seemed 
to  enkindle  as  if  it  were  tinder.  Some  buildings  were  blown  up  with 
gunpowder,  which,  in  connection  with  the  strong  southwest  gale,  pre- 
vented the  extension  of  the  flames  to  the  south.  The  fire  swept  on 
Monday  steadily  to  the  north,  including  everything  from  the  lake  to  the 
South  Branch,  and  then  crossed  to  the  North  Side,  and,  taking  in 
everything  from  the  lake  to  the  North  Branch,  it  burned  northward 
for  a  distance  of  three  miles,  where  it  died  out  at  the  city  limits,  when 
there  was  nothing  more  to  burn.  In  the  midst  of  this  broad  area  of 
devastation,  on  the  north  side  of  Washington  Square,  between  Clark 
Street  and  Dearborn  Avenue,  the  well-known  Ogden  House  stands 
amid  trees  of  the  ancient  forest  and  surrounded  by  extensive  grounds, 
the  solitary  relic  of  that  section  of  the  city  before  the  fiery  flood. 


FIRST  HOUSE  ERECTED  IN  THE  BURNT  DISTRICT. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  23 

The  total  area  of  the  land  burned  over  was  twenty-one  hundred 
acres.  Nearly  twenty  thousand  buildings  were  consumed ;  one  hun- 
dred thousand  people  were  rendered  homeless  ;  two  hundred  lives  were 
lost,  and  the  grand  total  of  values  destroyed  is  e  stimated  at  two  hun- 
dred millions  of  dollars.  Of  this  vast  sum  nearly  one-half  was  covered 
by  insurance,  but  under  the  tremendous  losses  many  of  the  insurance 
companies  were  forced  to  the  wall,  and  went  into  liquidation,  and  the 
victims  of  the  conflagration  recovered  only  about  forty-four  millions, 
or  less  than  one-half  of  their  insurance,  and  only  about  one-fifth  of 
their  aggregate  loss.  Among  the  buildings  which  were  burned  were 
the  court-house,  custom-house  and  postoflice,  chamber  of  commerce, 
three  railway  depots,  nine  daily  newspaper  offices,  thirty-two  hotels, 
ten  theaters  and  halls,  eight  public  schools  and  some  branch  school 
buildings,  forty- one  churches,  five  elevators,  and  all  the  national 
banks. 

If  the  Great  Fire  was  an  event  without  parallel  in  its  dimensions  and 
the  magnitude  of  its  dire  results,  the  charity  which  followed  it  was 
equally  unrivaled  in  its  extent.  Scarcely  were  the  flames  under  way, 
and  the  extent  of  the  destruction  foreseen,  when  efforts  for  relief 
seemed  to  begin  spontaneously  wherever  the  telegraph  carried  the 
news.  All  the  civilized  world  appeared  to  instantly  appreciate  the 
calamity.  Food,  clothing,  supplies  of  every  kind,  money,  messages  of 
affection,  sympathy,  etc.,  began  pouring  in  at  once  in  a  stream  that 
appeared  endless  and  bottomless.  In  all,  the  amount  contributed 
reached  over  seven  millions  of  dollars !  Nothing  so  God-like  in  its 
grandeur  as  a  practical  illustration  of  human  sympathy  with  misfort- 
une was  ever  before  or  since  known  in  the  history  of  mankind. 

It  was  believed  by  many  that  the  fire  had  forever  blotted  out  Chi- 
cago from  the  list  of  great  American  cities,  but  the  spirit  of  her  people 
was  undaunted  by  calamity,  and,  encouraged  by  the  generous  sympathy 
and  help  from  all  quarters,  they  set  to  work  at  once  to  repair  their  al- 
most ruined  fortunes,  merchants  and  manufacturers  resuming  business 
in  private  dwellings,  or  in  temporary  shanties  put  up  on  the  sites  of  their 
burned  houses,  as  soon  as  the  debris  could  be  cleared  away.  Rebuild- 
ing was  at  once  commenced,  and.  within  a  year  after  the  fire,  more 
than  $-10,000,000  were  expended  in  improvements.  The  city  came 
up  from  its  ruins  far  more  palatial,  splendid,  strong  and  imperishable 
than  before.  In  one  sense  the  fire  was  a  benefit.  Its  consequence  was 
a  class  of  structures  far  better,  in  every  essential  respect,  than  before 
the  conflagration.  Fire-proof  buildings  became  the  rule,  the  limits  of 


24  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CttlCA&O. 

wood  were  carefully  restricted,  and  the  value  of  the  reconstructed  por- 
tion immeasurably  exceeded  that  of  the  city  which  had  been  destroyed. 
The  commerce  of  the  city  increased  by  millions  of  dollars  immediately 
after  the  fire,  and,  in  fact,  a  magnificent  new  city  grew  up  on  the  ruins 
of  the  old,  and  was,  in  all  respects,  incomparably  the  superior  of  the 
one  that  had  been  devoured  by  the  flames. 

In  1857  the  grades  of  the  city  were  at  least  eight  feet  below  their 
present  level.  At  that  time  the  city  was  for  many  months  of  the  year 
simply  a  huge  mud  hole.  It  was  suggested  by  some  engineering  genius 
that  the  grades  be  raised.  This  met  with  most  violent  opposition, 
but  the  intent  was  persevered  in,  and  finally  carried  into  practice.  It 
was  contended  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  procure  the  materials  for 
filling,  but  the  end  jiistified  the  effort,  and  the  streets  now  up  to  grade 
are  dry  and  easily  drained  ;  a  system  of  practical  sewerage  has  taken 
the  place  of  the  drainage  ditches  and  gutters  of  early  Chicago,  and  in 
that  respect  the  city  stands  next  to  London  and  Paris.  By  the  process 
of  elevating  the  grades  many  buildings  were  left  with  their  first  stories 
almost  hidden  by  the  raised  sidewalks  and  curbing.  In  some  cases  the 
stories  thus  affected  were  transformed  into  basements,  and  additional 
stories  added  above.  In  other  instances  the  buildings  were  torn  down, 
but  where  they  were  sufficiently  valuable  to  justify  the  labor  and  ex- 
pense, they  were  raised  to  the  height  required,  and  new  foundations 
built.  Entire  brick  blocks  have  been  thus  raised,  and  even  moved 
laterally,  without  suffering  the  least  injury. 

Since  the  fire  building  operations  have  been  officially  supervised, 
and  a  high  degree  of  excellence  and  safety  has  been  reached.  The 
area  within  which  the  erection  of  wooden  buildings  is  forbidden 
reaches  well  away  in  every  direction  from  the  business  centers,  and 
thus  renders  impossible  any  such  devastating  fire  as  that  of  1871. 
Not  only  is  the  use  of  wood  for  walls  no  longer  tolerated,  but  there 
has  grown  up  a  rivalry  among  citizens  for  the  construction  of  fire- 
proof buildings.  Stone  and  brick  are  universally  employed  -in  walls, 
but  wood,  in  a  great  many  instances,  scarcely  enters  at  all  into  the 
composition  of  the  best  structures. 

The  panic  of  1873  affected  Chicago  very  seriously,  although  the 
ultimate  result  was  that  but  little  injury  was  done  to  legitimate  inter- 
ests. The  failures  were  mainly  among  real  estate  speculators.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  panic  real  estate,  especially  of  the  unimproved  kind, 
was  so  high  as  to  be  substantially  "  out  of  sight."  Prices  of  improved 
real  estate  are  to-day  well  up,  biit  in  many  instances  they  have  not  yet 


MAJIQUIS'  HAND-BOOS:  OF  CHICAGO.  25 

reached  the  altitude  which  they  attained  in  1873,  nearly  a  dozen  years 
ago.  Some  of  the  results  of  the  panic  were  beneficial.  Improvement 
was  substituted  for  wild  speculation,  and  residences  and  business 
blocks  were  built  on  lands  that  before  were  unoccupied  and  held  for  a 
rise  in  prices. 

July  14,  1874,  another  fire  broke  out  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  and 
swept  over  eighteen  blocks,  consuming  600  houses,  and  leaving  black- 
ness and  ruin  in  its  path.  Fortunately  the  area  ravaged  by  the  destruct- 
ive element  was  occupied  mainly  by  wooden  structures,  and  the  loss 
was  light  compared  with  that  of  the  previous  conflagration,  aggregating 
only  about  $4,000,000.  The  splendid  palaces  of  trade  that  had  been 
reared  on  the  ruins  of  1871  were  nearly  all  spared  in  this  second 
visitation. 

Despite  the  flat  surface  on  which  it  stands,  Chicago  is  one  of  the 
healthiest  of  the  large  cities  of  the  country.  Its  highest  death  rate  of 
late  years  was  20.29  per  1,000  of  the  population  in  1875,  and  its 
lowest  15.70  in  1878.  Compared  with  the  mortality  of  many  other 
cities,  this  is  remarkable.  In  New  York  the  rate  per  thousand  per 
annum  averages  very  closely  on  30 ;  in  Boston  from  21  to  25  ;  in 
Philadelphia  from  20  to  20  ;  and  in  many  of  the  great  European  cities 
"from  25  to  45  per  thousand.  The  winds  from  the  southwest  and  those 
from  the  lake  sweep  alternately  over  the  city,  and  constantly  purify 
the  atmosphere.  The  purity  of  the  water,  which  is  brought  from  a 
point  two  miles  out  in  the  lake,  is  also  a  potent  factor  iu  the  reduction 
of  the  rate  of  mortality,  and  the  sewerage  system,  which  is  much 
better  than  that  in  average  use,  is  not  without  its  effect  in  the  same 
direction.  The  cholera  made  a  visit  to  Chicago  in  1866,  biit  unlike  its 
predecessor  in  1852,  it  found  its  ravages  checked  by  preventive  sani- 
tation. At  present  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  city  is  such  that  epi- 
demics of  any  kind  are  not  regarded  as  among  the  probabilities. 

The  great  labor  riots  of  1877,  which  originated  in  Pittsburg,  ex- 
tended to  all  important  cities  in  the  country,  the  agitation  here  lasting 
three  or  four  days.  The  militia  were  called  out,  but  their  services 
were  not  required,  except  as'guards  of  certain  private  property  and 
public  buildings  that  were  threatened,  the  local  police  being  equal  to 
all  the  demands  of  the  occasion.  The  number  of  killed  and  wounded 
was  less  than  a  score.  Considering  its  extent  and  the  heterogeneous 
character  of  its  population,  Chicago  is  one  of  the  most  orderly  of 
modern  cities. 

On  account  of  its  lake  breezes,  enormous  ^railway  facilities  and  nu- 


26  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO. 

merous  and  unequaled  hotels,  Chicago  has  long  been  a  favorite  place  for 
summer  conventions.  For  this  purpose  it  possesses  a  special  advan- 
tage in  having,  in  the  main  hall  of  the  exposition  building,  the  largest 
place  of  assembly  in  the  country,  if  not  in  the  world.  The  convention 
which  nominated  Lincoln  in  1860  met  in  Chicago,  as  did  the  national 
Democratic  Convention  of  1864,  which  nominated  McClellan.  Gar- 
field  was  nominated  here  in  1880.  Elaine  was  nominated  in  the  Re- 
publican Convention  held  in  Exposition  Hall  in  June,  1884,  and 
two  weeks  later  Cleveland  was  nominated  by  the  national  Democratic 
Convention  held  in  the  same  place.  Many  of  the  denominational 
conventions  have  made  the  city  their  place  of  meeting ;  and  in 
the  case  of  no  national  assemblage,  political,  religious,  social  or 
otherwise,  has  there  ever  been  found  any  difficulty  in  caring  for  all  who 
came,  irrespective  of  numbers,  and  without  inconvenience  to  other 
transient  visitors,  either  as  to  hall  or  private  entertainment. 

The  marvelous  growth  of  Chicago  in  population,  and  the  equally 
rapid  expansion  of  the  business  interests  of  the  city,  have  attracted 
universal  attention  and  been  the  theme  of  admiring  comment  on  the 
lips  of  all  the  world.  Rising  from  seventy  inhabitants  in  1830  to 
3,820  in  1836,  and  over  4,000  in  1837,  when  the  tbwn  was  organized 
as  a  city,  the  first  three  years  of  its  existence  in  that  more  dignified 
capacity  do  not  seem  to  have  added  much  to  its  numbers,  the  census  of 
1840  showing  only  4,853  inhabitants.  From  this  time  on  the  growth 
was  rapid,  the  population  increasing  seven-fold  in  the  next  ten  years, 
and  numbering  29,963  in  1850.  In  1860  it  was  112,172  ;  298,977 
in  1870;  503,185  in  1880,  and  in  1884  it  was  estimated  on  a  fair  basis 
of  calculation  at  650,000,  of  which  50,000  represents  the  increase  dur- 
ing the  previous  years. 

The  material  wealth  of  the  city  has  kept  pace  with  the  population. 
Starting  with  a  taxable  valuation  in  1837  of  $236,842,  which  fell  off 
in  consequence  of  a  panic  to  something  over  $94,000  in  1839-40, 
and  made  an  astounding  jump  from  $151,342  in  1842  to  $1,441,314 
in  1843,  again  doubling  itself  the  succeeding  year,  the  increase  has 
since  been  rapid  and  steady.  The  total*  valuation  was  $7,220,249  in 
1850;  $37,053,512  in  1860,  and  $275,986,550  in  1870.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1871,  the  great  fire  consumed  $200.000,000  of  property,  yet 
notwithstanding  this  enormous  loss  the  taxable  valuation  in  May,  1872, 
only  a  few  months  after  the  fire,  was  $284.197,430,  and  it  rose  in  the 
next  two  years  to  $303,705,140.  Then  the  legislature  passed  a  law 
transferring  the  duty  of  assessing  and  levying  taxes  to  the  county 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  27 

authorities,  their  valuations  being  subject  to  revision  by  the  State 
Board  of  Equalization.  The  result  was  a  contest  between  the  counties 
in  the  reduction  of  their  tax  lists,  and  the  total  valuation,  in  Chicago, 
in  1875,  was  cut  down  to  only  $173,704,246,  or  something  over  one- 
half  that  of  the  preceding  year.  In  1880  the  total  taxable  valuation 
was  only  $117,133,643,  or  less  than  one-half  that  of  the  year  after  the 
losses  of  1871,  although  the  actual  values  had  been  multiplied  by  im- 
provements. In  1883  the  figures  were  $133,230,504.  The  revenues 
of  the  city  were  further  restricted  in  1879  by  a  law  prohibiting  the 
levy  for  municipal  purposes  from  being  raised  above  two  per  cent,  on 
the  valuation.  The  tax-rate  for  all  purposes  is  $3.41  on  the  $100,  but 
as  that  figure  is  considerably  less  than  two  per  cent  on  the  actual  value 
of  property,  one  result  of  the  present  system  is  to  give  Chicago,  which 
really  enjoys  a  very  light  taxation  compared  with  other  cities,  a  most 
undesirable  advertisement  as  a  heavily  tax-burdened  city. 

The  bonded  indebtedness  is  $12,751,500,  having  undergone  a 
gradual  reduction  from  $14,103,000  in  1871,  when  it  reached  the 
highest  point  ever  attained. 

The  number  of  buildings  erected  in  1883  \vas  4,086,  and  their  esti- 
mated cost  was  $22,162,610.  The  building  operations  the  current 
year  promise  to  be  of  increased  magnitude  and  interest. 

All  the  great  industrial,  commercial  and  financial  lines  of  enterprise 
exhibit  a  growth  proportionate  to  the  remarkable  increase  of  the  pop- 
ulation, until,  as  has  been  well  said,  the  people  themselves  look  with 
wonder  on  the  magnitude  of  the  various  interests  that  have  grown  up 
under  their  efforts,  Among  the  most  extensive  lines  of  business  are 
the  handling  and  manufacture  of  food  products,  in  all  branches  of  Avhich 
there  is  an  immense  traffic.  The  receipts  of  cattle  for  the  year  1882- 
83  were  1,878,944,  and  the  shipments  966,758.  The  receipts  of 
hogs  for  the  same  year  were  5,697,163,  and  the  shipments  1,363,759. 
The  number  of  cattle  packed  was  697,033,  and  the  number  of  hogs 
4,222,780.  The  total  receipts  of  flour  and  grain,  the  former  being 
represented  by  its  equivalent  in  wheat,  amounted  to  164,924,732 
bushels.  The  receipts  of  lumber  were  3,587,634,000  feet,  and  of 
shingles  2,288,949,000.  From  the  above  figures  it  will  be  seen  that 
Chicago  is  the  greatest  market  in  the  world  for  lumber  and  shingles, 
grain,  and  hogs  and  cattle,  besides  being  the  greatest  packing  center 
for  the  latter  products. 

In  manufactures  the  demands  of  the  trade  with  tributary  regions 
have  caused  a  constant  addition  to  the  list  of  products  and  a  steady 


28  MARQUIS'  HAND-HOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

increase  of  facilities,  until  Chicago  has  become  one  of  the  leading 
manufacturing  cities  of  the  country.  The  United.  States  census  of 
1880  makes  the  following  exhibit  of  the  industrial  interests  of  the 
city:  Number  of  establishments,  3,519;  capital  invested,  $68,836,- 
885;  hands  employed,  62,431  men,  12,185  women,  4,798  children  ; 
annual  wages,  $34,653,462  ;  value  of  materials  used,  $179,209,610  ; 
value  of  products,  $349,022,948.  The  capital  invested  in  slaughter- 
ing and  meat  packing  is  stated  at  nearly  eight  and  one-half  millions  of 
dollars  ;  in  clothing,  nearly  six  and  one-half  millions  ;  in  foundry  and 
machine  shop  products.,  nearly  four  and  one-half  millions  ;  in  iron  and 
steel  production,  nearly  four  millions  ;  in  brewing,  over  three  and  one- 
fourth  millions ;  in  agricultural  implements,  over  three  millions  ;  in 
printing  and  publishing,  nearly  three  millions  ;  in  furniture,  nearly 
two  and  one-half  millions ;  tanning,  nearly  two  millions  ;  carriages 
and  wagons,  over  one  and  one-fourth  millions  ;  soap  and  candles,  over 
one  and  one-fourth  millions  ;  sash,  doors  and  blinds,  nearly  one  and 
one-fourth  millions  ;  distilling,  over  one  million.  These  statistics  are, 
of  course,  only  approximate,  and  for  obvious  reasons  rather  under- 
state the  facts  ;  but  since  the  date  to  which  they  relate,  the  interests 
they  represent  have  grown  rapidly,  facilities  being  largely  increased  in 
all  branches,  and  operations  being  correspondingly  expanded  so  that 
it  would  be  quite  within  the  mark  to  add  at  least  50  per  cent  to  the 
figures  as  given. 


THE  STREETS,  AVENUES,  BRIDGES,  TUNNELS,  SEWERS  AND 
STREET  RAILROADS. 

THE  facilities  provided  by  public  and  private  enterprise  for  the  con- 
venience of  intermural  transit  compare  favorably  with  those  of 
other  great  cities. 

The  Streets  and  Avenues  of  Chicago  originated  in  a  road  run- 
ning from  the  town  in  a  southwesterly  direction,  and  branching  after 
a  short  distance  into  two  roads,  one  known  in  those  days  as  the 
"  Trail  to  the  East,"  and  the  other  as  "  Hubbard's  Trail  to  Danville," 
or,  farther  out  on  the  prairie,  the  "  Road  to  Widow  Brown's." 

The  plank-road  was  subsequently  a  feature  in  the  history  of  the 
city.  The  first  built  was  in  1848,  and  was  known  as  the  Southwest- 
ern ;  then  came  the  Northwestern  ;  next  the  Western  ;  after  which 
were  the  Southern,  the  Blue  Island,  and  the  Lake  Shore.  All  of  these 
were  not  only  regarded  as  enterprises  of  great  magnitude  at  the  time, 
but  were  of  material  benefit  in  assisting  the  development  of  the 
city.  It  was  believed  by  many  at  the  time  of  their  construction,  and 
so  urged  in  at  least  one  of  the  public  prints,  that  plank  roads  were  of 
far  more  value  to  the  city  than  railways.  Indeed,  there  were  those 
who  urged  that  railways  be  kept  out  of  the  city,  and  the  conveyance 
of  passengers  and  the  transportation  of  produce  and  goods  be  limited 
to  plank  roads.  One  writer  says  that  on  the  plank  roads,  passengers 
are  conveyed  at  the  rate  of  ten  miles  an  hour,  which  is  as  fast  as  they 
are  taken  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railway,  and  with  ten  times  the 
safety.  It  was  urged  by  this  class  of  reasoners  that  the  railways  would 
take  away  all  the  profits  of  transportation,  while,  if  the  work  were 
done  by  teams,  the  money  would  come  to  Chicago. 

Originally  the  streets  were  simply  mud  roads,  and  during  portions 
of  the  year  were  next  to  impassable,  the  worst  places  being  planked 
when  absolutely  necessary.  There  was  not  much  attempt  at  the  con- 
struction of  improved  roadways  until  about  1864,  at  which  time  the 

The  raising  of  the  grade  of  the  streets  has  been  noted  in  the  opening  chap- 
ter, on  page  24. 


30  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

"  Nicholson"  was  laid  down  on  Lake  Street.  From  that  time  wooden 
pavement  had  a  run,  and  in  fact  is  yet  in  use  on  many  of  the  principal 
streets.  Within  the  past  two  or  three  years,  in  the  business  portion  of 
the  city,  granite  has  been  largely  used.  Macadam  is  used  on  the  bou- 
levards, and  on  some  of  the  streets,  notably  Ashland  Avenue  and 
Jackson  Street ;  the  material,  outside  of  the  business  portions,  being 
largely  wood.  The  wood  now  in  use  is  mainly  cedar  blocks,  which, 
with  the  improved  method  of  laying  them,  are  giving  very  satisfactory 
results.  Asphalt  has  been  used  to  some  extent,  but  has  not  given 
entire  satisfaction,  and  seems  likely  to  be  wholly  abandoned.  When 
completed,  the  paving  system  of  Chicago,  as  now  in  use,  will  render  it 
one  of  the  best  paved  cities  in  the  world.  The  entire  length  of  the 
streets  of  the  city  is  650  miles.  The  length  of  the  paved  streets  is 
about  200  miles. 

The  names  of  the  principal  streets  generally  indicate  their  origin. 
Many  of  them  are  named  for  the  Presidents  and  others  who  were 
prominent  in  the  nation  or  state ;  the  names  of  people  more  or  less 
conspicuously  connected  with  the  history  of  the  city,  of  the  surround- 
ing states,  and  other  equally  obvious  sources,  contributed  to  the  no- 
menclature. The  names  of  the  Presidents  and  leading  statesmen  of 
the  country  will  be  readily  recognized.  Clark  Street  was  christened  in 
honor  of  Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark,  of  Kentucky,  who  acquired  mili- 
tary fame  in  the  early  contests  with  the  French  and  Indians.  Fifth 
Avenue  was  originally  named  in  honor  of  Capt.  Wells,  who  was  one  of 
the  victims  of  the  Indian  massacre  in  1812,  and  that  portion  of  the 
street  which  lies  in  the  North  Division  still  retains  the  name.  Ann 
Street  was  named  after  a  daughter  of  the  venerable  Philo  Carpenter ; 
•Augusta  after  another  daughter ;  and  so  on  of  many  other  names  of 
women.  In  this  respect  Chicago  has  shown  no  lack  of  gallantry. 

The  city  is  laid  out  in  rectangular  lines,  with  the  exception  of 
several  streets  which  were  constructed  on  the  routes  of  the  old  plank 
roads,  and  which  consequently  radiate  to  the  northwest  and  southwest. 
The  principal  business  streets  of  the  city  lie  on  the  South  Side,  where 
are  congregated  within  a  space  of  about  ten  blocks  square  nearly  all 
the  wholesale  business  of  the  city,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  retail 
trade.  This  area  contains  the  palatial  business  houses,  hotels  and 
public  buildings  whose  magnitude  and  architectural  beauty  have 
added  so  largely  to  the  fame  of  Chicago.  South  Water  Street,  which 
lies  next  to  and  parallel  with  the  main  river,  is  largely  devoted  to  the 
produce  commission  business.  It  is  always  almost  impassable  from  the 


MICHIGAN  AVENUE,  CORNF.R    ADAMS   STREET — PULLMAN  BUILDING. 


32  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

number  of  trucks,  vans  and  carts  which  throng  it  and  the  boxes  of 
produce  which  encumber  its  sidewalks.  Here  are  brought  and  'dis- 
tributed daily  the  various  products  of  the  market  garden,  orchard, 
field  and  stream. 

State  Street  is  the  great  shopping  street  of  the  city,  and  on  any  fair 
afternoon  it  can  be  seen  thronged  with  pedestrians  and  carriages,  and 
presenting  a  scene  of  gayety,  wealth  and  beauty  such  as  is  paralleled 
only  on  Kegent  Street,  London,  or  some  of  the  more  notable  boule- 
vards in  Paris.  It  was  originally  much  narrower  and  was  widened  to 
its  present  handsome  and  attractive  proportions  by  moving  the  houses 
back  along  a  stretch  of  three  miles.  Michigan  Avenue,  Wabash  Avenue 
and  State  Street,  near  the  river,  are  all  given  up  to  wholesale  houses. 
Michigan  Avenue,  a  few  blocks  from  the  river,  loses  its  identity  in 
Michigan  Avenue  Boulevard  (see  chapter  on  "  Parks  and  Boule- 
vards"), the  entire  extension  of  which  is  a  favorite  residence  street, 
as  are  also  Prairie,  Calumet,  Indiana  and  other  avenues,  containing 
residences  which  are  palaces  in  their  cost  and  architectural  design 
and  finish.  State  Street  is  traversed  by  the  cable  line  of  cars  as  far 
south  as  Thirty-ninth  Street.  Twenty-second  Street,  running  east  and 
west,  and  more  than  two  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  is  for  a  dozen  blocks 
nearest  the  lake  a  busy,  business  thoroughfare.  It  has  a  bank  and 
many  pretentious  retail  stores.  Archer  Avenue,  branching  from  State 
Street,  between  Nineteenth  and  Twentieth  Streets,  takes  a  southwest- 
erly direction,  crosses  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  River, and  extends  be- 
yond the  city  limits.  It  has  horse  cars,  and  resembles  in  the  character 
of  its  buildings,  shops,  people,  etc.,  Blue  Island  and  Milwaukee  Ave- 
nues, on  the  West  Side.  Wabash  Avenue  is  traversed  by  a  cable  line 
of  cars  from  Madison  Street  south  to  Twenty-second  Street.  At 
Twenty-second  Street  the  cable  car  line  runs  east  to  Cottage  Grove 
Avenue,  which  it  follows  in  its  southeasterly  direction  parallel  with, 
and  about  two  squares  west  of  the  lake  shore,  to  the  junction  of  Drexel 
and  Oakwood  Boulevards,  four  and  a  half  miles  from  the  City  Hall. 
Cottage  Grove  Avenue  is  devoted  principally  to  business  purposes. 

Madison  Street  is  the  great  east  and  west  thoroughfare  of  Chicago. 
The  eastern  portion,  or  East  Madison  Street,  in  the  South  Division,  is 
splendidly  paved,  and  is  flanked  on  either  side  with  wholesale  and 
retail  establishments. 

West  Madison  Street  is  the  principal  retail  street  of  the  West  Side. 
The  street  extends  westward  from  the  lake,  passing  in  its  course  Gar- 
field  Park  and  the  Chicago  Driving  Park,  and  is  finally  lost  in  an  unim- 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  33 

proved  roadway  in  the  open  prairie,  at  a  distance  of  over  five  miles. 
It  is  traversed  by  horse  cars  its  total  improved  length.  Randolph  and 
Lake  are  the  other  leading  parallel  business  streets  of  the  West  Division. 
Both  have  street  car  lines.  Ogden  Avenue,  beginning  in  Union  Park, 
takes  a  southwesterly  direction^  curving  westwardly  in  its  course, 
passes  Douglas  Park,  and  ends  at  Twenty-second  Street,  near  the  city 
limits.  It  long  retained  the  appearance  of  a  country  road,  being  till 
recently  unimproved  and  sparsely  settled.  A  cedar  pavement  has  just 
been  put  down,  and  stores  and  shops  are  rapidly  appearing  all  along 
its  line,  and  it  is  fast  assuming  a  metropolitan  air.  It  has  horse  cars, 
and  in  time  will  be  a  busy  business  thoroughfare. 

The  intervening  streets  between  the  river  and  Halsted  Street  are 
largely  occupied  by  manufactories.  In  this  section  are  found  nearly 
all  the  great  machinery,  steam-engine,  boiler  and  kindred  iron-work- 
ing concerns.  Halsted  Street  is  reached  some  five  squares  west  of  the 
Madison  Street  crossing  of  the  river,  and  is  the  leading  north  and 
south  thoroughfare  of  the  West  Side.  It  extends,  in  an  almost  straight 
line,  entirely  across  the  city.  Its  southern  half  is  traversed  by  street 
cars  direct  to  and  from  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  and  is  given  up  almost 
wholly  to  retail  trade,  by  Irish,  German  and  other  foreign  elements. 
The  buildings  after  a  few  squares  are  principally  wooden  structures 
that  escaped  the  great  fire.  They  present  a  quaint  and  dingy  appear- 
ance. Blue  Island  Avenue  branches  from  Halsted  Street,  at  the 
latter's  junction  with  West  Harrison  Street,  in  a  southwesterly  direc- 
tion to  the  great  lumber  district.  The  buildings  with  which  it  is 
densely  lined  are  generally  the  poorest  class  of  wooden  structures  in 
the  city.  The  dingy-looking  shops  are  kept  by  Irish  and  Germans  of 
the  lower  classes,  with  here  and  there  a  Swede  or  Norwegian. 

Milwaukee  Avenue  is  distinctly  the  German  business  thoroughfare. 
It  is  lined  with  retail  shops  of  every  description,  markets,  saloons,  etc. 
Many  of  the  buildings  are  wooden  ante-fire  structures,  and  are  as  de- 
cidedly foreign  in  appearance  as  are  their  occupants.  Beginning  at 
the  river  and  Lake  Street,  Milwaukee  Avenue  extends  in  a  northwest- 
erly direction  away  beyond  the  city  limits,  where  it  is  merged  in  a 
country  road  in  the  open  prairie. 

Washington  Boulevard  is  the  leading  residence  street  of  the  West 
Side.  It  belongs  to  the  great  boulevard  system  of  the  city,  and  has 
been  referred  to  in  the  chapter  on  "Parks  and  Boulevards."  West 
Monroe,  Adams  and  Jackson,  parallel  with  and  south  of  Madison 
Street,  are  also  popular  residence  streets,  save  a  few  squares  occupied 
3 


34  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

by  business  and  manufacturing  establishments  near  the  river.  They 
are  flanked  by  fine  dwellings,  churches,  and  lines  of  shade  trees,  inter- 
spersed here  and  there  with  little  gems  of  parks  of  the  brightest 
description.  Ashland  Avenue,  running  north  and  south,  is  splendidly 
paved  and  contains  some  of  the  handsomest  houses  on  the  West  Side. 

On  the  North  Side,  Clark  Street  is  the  leading  business  street,  being 
occupied  mainly  by  the  smaller  retail  stores.  It  extends  northward 
beyond  Lincoln  Park,  and  is  a  great  thoroughfare.  The  streets  lying 
near  and  parallel  with  the  river  are  largely  used  by  manufacturing 
establishments,  and  commission  houses  engaged  in  handling  hides, 
leather,  wool,  etc.  The  preferred  residence  streets  are  LaSalle  and 
Dearborn  Avenues,  Rush,  State  and  Pine  Streets,  some  of  the  resi- 
dences being  very  elegant  and  artistic  in  architectural  and  other  orna- 
mentation. Chicago  Avenue,  from  North  Clark  Street  west  to  the  river ; 
Division  Street,  from  North  Clark  to  Clybourne  Avenue  ;  Clybourne  Ave- 
nue, which  here  has  its  beginning  and  extends  in  a  northwesterly 
direction  to  the  city  limits ;  and  Larrabee  Street,  running  north  and 
south,  are  all  business  thoroughfares.  They  traverse  a  section  of  the 
city  inhabited  almost  wholly  by  a  foreign  population — Scandinavian, 
German,  etc. 

The  residences  on  the  streets  referred  to  as  residence  streets  are 
generally  built  of  superior  materials.  Red  pressed  brick  is  much  used, 
but  stone  is  the  favorite.  Of  the  latter  there  are  many  kinds,  all  vary- 
ing in  color,  so  that  there  is  nowhere  any  sameness  in  the  character  of 
the  coloring.  There  is  equal  diversity  in  the  forms  of  the  houses, 
there  being  but  very  little  block  building,  each  house,  as  a  rule,  being 
wholly  independent  in  material,  size,  form  and  decoration.  Joliet 
limestone,  which  is  milky  white  at  first,  and  after  exposure  becomes  a 
rich,  soft  cream-color,  is  in  large  demand.  The  deep,  rich  brown  of  a 
sandstone  from  Lake  Superior  is  also  much  used ;  there  is  also  the 
close-grained  dark  gray  of  the  Buena  Vista  quarries,  and  a  dozen  other 
kinds  of  material,  including  the  cheerful  cream-colored  pressed  brick 
of  Milwaukee,  all  of  which  afford  infinite  variety  of  pleasing  effects. 
The  churches  are  generally  constructed  of  rough-dressed  limestone  of 
a  dark-grey,  which  is  a  color  eminently  in  harmony  with  their  purpose. 
The  winds  blowing  alternately  from  the  lake  and  from  the  land  are 
sufficient  to  keep  the  cit3T  free  from  smoke,  with  the  result  that  these 
richly-colored  building  materials  are  rarely  obscure  1  by  stains,  and 
the  streets  present  always  the  striking  effects  flowing  from  the  warm, 
bright,  sympathetic  colors. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  35 

The  Bridges  of  Chicago  are  interesting,  and  many  of  them  are 
important,  features  of  its  system  of  highways.  Under  the  latter  head 
must  be  classed  the  bridges  over  the  Chicago  Kiver  and  its  branches. 
These  bridges,  thirty-six  in  number,  are  built  and  owned  by  the  city, 
being  regarded  equally  with  the  streets  as  a  public  work,  furnishing 
necessary  convenience  of  transit  between  the  divisions.  It  has  been 
jocularly  said  that  the  first  bridge  was  a  ferry,  and  it  must  be  acknowl- 
edged that  a  number  of  the  early  devices  to  facilitate  passage  over  the 
stream  were  a  sort  of  cross  between  a  ferry  boat  and  a  bridge.  The  first 
structure  of  this  kind  was  a  log  float  stretched  across  the  river  after  the 
manner  of  a  pontoon  bridge,  from  which  the  idea  was  probably  derived. 
Other  bridges  of  the  kind  followed,  and  in  some  of  them  an  improve- 
ment was  introduced,  the  bridge  being  hinged  on  a  pivot  at  one  end, 
and  a  rope  attached  to  the  opposite  end  was  used  by  means  of  a  capstan 
and  levers,  to  pull  the  float  around,  out  of  the  way  of  passing  vessels. 
A  further  improvement  on  these  clumsy  efforts  at  a  drawbridge  was 
made  in  the  bridge  erected  over  the  river  at  the  Dearborn  Street  cross- 
ing in  1834.  This  was  the  first  drawbridge  built  in  Chicago.  The  cen- 
ter span  was  made  in  two  sections,  hinged  at  the  piers  and  meeting  like 
an  arch  over  the  middle  passage.  The  bridge  was  drawn  by  breaking 
the  arch  upward  with  a  combination  of  ropes  and  pulleys,  which  lifted 
the  meeting  ends  of  the  sections  and  made  a  space  between  them 
through  which  vessels  passed.  This  structure  so  utterly  failed  to  meet 
popular  expectations  that  it  was  unanimously  voted  a  nuisance,  and 
when  its  removal  was  ordered,  the  citizens  gathered  and  carried  the 
order  into  effect  by  chopping  the  bridge  down  with  axes.  It  was  diffi- 
cult to  plan  a  structure  that  would  meet  the  demand  for  convenient 
transit  on  the  one  hand,  and  for  unobstructed  navigation  of  the  river 
on  the  other  and,  indeed,  the  satisfactory  solution  of  that  problem  has 
not  yet  been  practically  accomplished.  A  nearer  approach  to  it  than 
was  reached  in  any  previous  effort,  was  made  in  the  constraction  of  the 
first  iron  bridge  in  Chicago,  at  Kush  Street,  in  1856  ;  but  a  number  of 
cattle  that  happened  to  be  on  it  waau  it  was  turned  to  allow  a  vessel  to 
pass,  crowded  to  one  end  or  side  and  overturned  it.  The  jealousies 
between  the  divisions,  Avhich  had  greatly  interfered  with  the  progress 
of  these  important  public  improvements,  and  the  slow  process  of  pri- 
vate subscription  for  their  erection,  were  rapidly  giving  way  to  the 
growing  needs  of  the  situation,  and  in  1857  the  city  took  hold  of  the 
matter  and  erected  a  bridge  over  the  South  Branch  at  Madison  Street. 
This  was  the  first  bridge  built  entirely  at  the  expense  of  the  munici- 


36 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


pality,  and  it  was  the  inauguration  of  a  municipal  policy  that  has  re- 
sulted in  the  construction  of  a  valuable  iron  bridge,  swinging  on  a 
central  pier,  at  every  alternate  street  reaching  the  river  or  either  of  its 
branches,  in  the  business  portion  of  the  city.  The  latest  and  best  of 
these  structures  is  the  new  double  roadway  bridge  at  Rush  Street— the 
only  one  of  the  kind  in  the  city,  and  the  largest  swing  bridge  in  the 
world.  It  is  operated  by  steam  and  lighted  by  electricity,  and  was 
built  at  a  cost  of  $130,000.  At  its  formal  opening,  August  7,  1884,  it 
bore  a  test  weight  of  about  375  tons.  For  a  time  the  present  bridge 
system  was  comparatively  satisfactory,  but  the  city  has  outgrown  it,  and 
there  is  now  a  strong  and  growing  demand  for  some  plan  by  which 
transit  can  be  effected  without  being  subject  to  the  frequent  annoying 
delays  caused  by  the  necessity  of  opening  the  bridges  for  vessels,  and 
the  accidents  that  result  from  that  operation. 

The  Tunnels  under  Chicago  River,  two  in  number,  one  at  LaSalle 

Street,  connecting  the 
South  Side  with  the 
North  Side,  and  the 
other  at  Washington 
Street,  connecting  the 
West  Side  with  the 
South  Side,  were  con- 
structed with  the  view 
of  supplying  more 
convenient  passage 
than  the  bridges  af- 
forded. The  Washing- 
ton Street  Tunnel  was 
the  first  one  construct- 
ed, and  was  finished 
and  formally  opened 
to  the  public  Jan.  1, 
1869,  at  a"  cost  of 
$512,707.57.  The  La 
Salle  Street  Tunnel 
was  completed  and 
opened  July  1,  1871, 
at  a  total  cost  of  $566,276.48.  It  has  some  improvements  in  arrange- 
ment and  construction  suggested  by  experience  with  the  Washington 
Street  passage.  The  total  length  of  the  latter  is  1,608  feet,  and  of 


LASALLE  STREET  TUNNEL. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  37 

the  LaSalle  Street  Tunnel  1,854  feet.  Each  has  a  double  driveway 
and  a  separate  foot-way  on  one  side,  which  is  reached  by  stairs.  The 
tunnels  are  wide,  lofty,  well  lighted  and  ventilated,  and  each  is  fairly 
drained  by  means  of  a  sub-tunnel  five  feet  in  diameter,  which  is  con- 
nected with  a  steam  pump  at  one  end. 

The  Sewerage  System  of  Chicago  is  extensive,  well  arranged  and 
efficient,  despite  the  engineering  difficulties  in  securing  satisfactory 
drainage  of  a  level  area  so  slightly  elevated  above  the  waters  of  the 
river  and  lake.  Brick  or  pipe  is  used  for  sewers,  according  to  the 
character  of  drainage  required.  The  total  length  of  sewers  of  both 
kinds  is  about  400  miles,  laid  at  a  total  cost  of  nearly  six  and  a  quarter 
millions  of  dollars,  or  an  average  of  $15,493.58  per  mile.  They  are 
kept  clean  and  in  repair  at  an  average  annual  cost  of  $107.65'per 
mile.  There  are  about  13,000  catch-basins  and  15,000  man-hole 
chambers  connected  with  the  system.  During  the  yeai>1883  about 
fourteen  and  a  quarter  miles  of  sewers  Avere  laid,  and  835  catch-basins 
and  497  man-hole  chambers  constructed,  at  a  total  cost  of  $232,084.- 
33.  The  advantages  of  this  important  agent  of  cleanliness  and  sani- 
tation are  very  evenly  distributed  among  the  three  divisions  of  the 
city,  according  to  their  needs. 

The  Street  Railways  of  Chicago  all  start  from  the  business  cen- 
ter of  the  city,  and  radiate  to  all  sections  promising  traffic  sufficient  to 
maintain  the  lines  in  operation,  thus  giving  the  greatest  public  accom- 
modation consistent  with  a  reasonable  care  for  the  capital  invested  in 
such  enterprises.  The  fare  is  universally  five  cents.  The  number  of 
cars  and  the  time-tables  are  arranged  with  due  regard  for  public  con- 
venience. The  first  street  railway  in  the  city  was  laid  along  State 
Street,  and  was  commenced  in  the  fall  of  1858.  From  that  beginning 
the  service  grew  rapidly  to  its  present  proportions.  The  railways  are 
operated  by  three  companies,  representing  three  systems,  which  cor- 
respond with  the  divisions  of  the  city.  The  oldest  of  these  com- 
panies is. 

The  Chicago  City  Railway  Company  whose  lines  constitute  the 
railway  system  of  the  South  Side.  This  company  has  within  the  past 
two  years  largely  substituted  the  cable  plan  of  traction  in  the  place 
of  horses,  and  although  there  have  been  some  difficulties  and  dangers 
attending  its  use,  they  have  been  largely  overcome,  and  the  success  of 
the  plan  may  be  considered  established.  These  lines  alone  now  have 
an  aggregate  length  of  twenty  miles,  employ  100  "grip-cars,"  which 
do  the  work  of  2,500  horses,  and  run  an  average  of  nine  miles  per 


38  MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

hour,  conveying  100,000  passengers  daily.  The  total  number  of  miles 
of  track  is  seventy-seven ;  number  of  cars,  400 ;  average  distance 
traversed  daily,  25,000  miles ;  average  number  of  passengers  earned 
daily,  120,000 ;  number  of  horses,  1,200.  The  powerful  engines 
which  operate  the  cable  system  are  located  at  the  corner  of  State  and 
Twenty-first  Streets. 

The  North  Chicago  City  Railway  Company  operates  the  North  Side 
system  of  street  railways.  It  was  organized  in  1859,  and  commenced 
running  its  cars  on  North  Clark  Street  and  Chicago  Avenue  in  August, 
1859.  The  capital  stock  of  the  company  is  $500,000 ;  number  of 
miles  of  track,  thirty-four ;  total  number  of  cars  owned,  251  ;  num- 
ber of  horses,  1,530;  average  distance  traversed  daily,  9,600  miles; 
average  number  of  passengers  carried  daily,  60,000. 

The  Chicago  West  Division  Railway  Company  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1863,  succeeding  to  the  franchises  held  by  the  Chicago 
City  Railway  Company  on  the  West  Side,  and  now  operates  the 
lines  in  that  division.  The  capital  stock  of  the  company  is  $1,250,- 
000 ;  number  of  miles  of  track,  ninety-seven ;  total  number  of  cars 
owned,  634 ;  number  of  horses,  3,375 ;  average  distance  traversed 
daily,  21,620  miles. 

The  Chicago  Passenger  Railway  Company  has  opened  up  anew  street 
car  line  which  greatly  adds  to  the  facilities  of  transportation  between 
the  West  and  South  Sides.  The  new  line  of  cars  runs  on  Harrison  Street, 
from  Western  Avenue  to  Centre  Avenue  thence  north  to  Adams  Street 
and  east  to  Franklin.  Here  the  cars  take  alternately  different  directions 
around  a  "loop;"  one  car  runs  northward  three  or  four  blocks  (to  Wash- 
ington Street)  then  east  to  Michigan  Avenue,  proceeding  southwardly  to 
Adams  and  back,  to  and  past  the  Franklin  Street  turning,  while  the 
next  car  goes  around  the  same  loop  in  the  reverse  direction. 


THE  RAILROADS,   LAKE  MICHIGAN,  CHICAGO  RIVER,  AND 
THE  CANAL. 

r"T*HE  transportation  facilities  of  Chicago  are  the  most  complete  and 
-*-     extensive  of  any  inland  city  in  the  world. 

The  Railroads  are  so  intimately  connected  with  the  growth  of  the 
city  that  the  history  of  one  is  practically  the  chronicle  of  the  other. 
When  Chicago  first  forged  her  way  into  the  notice  of  the  world,  and 
began  to  foreshadow  her  present  majesty,  the  railroad  was  a  new 
thing,  scarcely  emerged  from  the  shadows  of  uncertain  experiment. 
Faith  in  it  was  far  from  general,  and  the  cost  of  construction,  equip- 
ment and  operation  was  appalling  to  a  new  country  rich  only  in  the 
gifts  of  nature  and  in  indomitable  energy.  Moreover,  there  was  deep- 
seated  prejudice  in  favor  of  water  ways.  In  all  the  world  there  were 
not  as  many  miles  of  railroad  as  Illinois  now  boasts.  But  destiny  had 
marked  out  for  the  city  a  meteor  course  to  empire,  and  she  was  early 
alive  to  the  necessity  for  avenues  for  her  commerce.  Vast  realms  rich  in 
all  the  treasures  of  nature  lay  at  her  feet,  inviting  conquest  and  inspir- 
ing enterprise.  With  the  necessity  came  the  men  whose  energy  laid  the 
basis  for  that  magnificent  system  of  iron  roadways  to  which  is  chiefly 
due  the  marvelous  development  of  the  west,  and  the  northwest,  and 
the  greatness  of  the  city.  Before  the  close  of  the  third  decade  of  the 
present  century,  the  practical  advantages  of  railroads  had  begun  to 
excite  discussion  in  the  city,  and  in  January,  1831,  a  commission  was 
appointed  to  investigate  the  relative  value  of  a  canal  and  railroad 
between  the  Chicago  and  Des  Plaines  Rivers.  A  multiplicity  of  schemes 
sprung  up  over  the  state,  more  or  less  connected  with  Chicago.  The 
question  of  a  road  to  be  operated  in  conjunction  with  the  Illinois  <fe 
Michigan  Canal  was  agitated,  and  a  bill  to  charter  such  a  road,  under 
the  title  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  Avas  introduced  into  the  state 
senate  by  Lieut-Gov.  Jenkins,  in  1832,  but  died  in  its  incipiency. 
Many  other  enterprises  were  projected,  but  lay  dormant.  In  1835  a 
public  letter  from  Sidney  Breese,  then  circuit  judge  and  afterward 
United  States  senator,  revived  the  agitation  of  the  Illinois  Central 


40  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Of  CHICAGO. 

scheme.  Meanwhile  the  city  was  pushing  her  way  to  the  south  and 
the  west,  on  papyr  at  least.  The  first  road  chartered  out  of  Chicago 
was  the  Galena  &  Chicago  Union,  now  a  part  of  the  Northwestern  sys- 
tem. It  was  incorporated  Jan.  16,  1837,  with  an  authorized  capi- 
tal of  $100,000,  and  permission  to  increase  the  same  to  $1,000,000, 
and  the  charter  contemplated  propulsion  "by  steam  or  animal  power." 
Three  years  were  allowed  in  which  to  begin  work.  The  survey  was 
begun  in  1837,  but  the  financial  panic  of  that  year  caused  the  collapse 
of  the  enterprise,  and  it  Avas  not  resumed  until  ten  years  later.  By  an 
act  of  the  state  legislature,  Feb.  27,  1837,  the  state  undertook  the 
construction  of  1.340  miles  of  railroad  and  the  Illinois  &  Michigan 
Canal.  Work  was  begun  at  once  in  many  quarters,  but  the  magnitude 
of  the  undertaking  crushed  it,  and  gave  a  blow  which  retarded  prog- 
ress in  that  direction  for  several  years.  In  1847  the  work  of  con- 
structing the  Galena  road  was  begun.  On  the  10th  of  October  the 
first  engine  ever  run  out  of  Chicago,  named  the  "Pioneer,"  arrived  via 
brig  "  Buffalo,"  and  was  put  to  work  on  the  part  of  the  road  then  com- 
plete. This  engine  is  still  in  existence.  Nov.  20,  1848,  the  first  wheat 
ever  brought  to  the  city  by  rail  was  received.  In  1852  this  road  was 
completed  to  Elgin,  forty-two  miles,  being  laid  Avith  strap  rails.  The 
Illinois  Central  was  chartered  Jan.  18,  1836,  but  the  enterprise  col- 
lapsed, and  Avas  not  revived  till  1850,  when  the  present  charter  Avas 
granted.  The  incipient  stages  of  railroad  building  Avere  now  past. 
Capital,  heretofore  cautious  to  timidity,  eagerly  sought  investment  in 
this  direction,  and  henceforward  roads  were  to  seek  the  city,  not  the 
city  the  roads.  The  first  great  east  and  Avest  line  to  enter  the  city 
was  the  Michigan  Southern  &  Indiana  Northern,  HOAV  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern,  Feb.  20,  1852.  Just  three  months  later  the 
Michigan  Central  was  opened.  This  was  followed  by  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  ;  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy ;  the  Chicago,  Eock 
Island  &  Pacific ;  the  Pittsburg,  Ft.  Wayne  &  Chicago,  and  the  various 
other  lines  making  up  the  grand  system.  On  the  first  day  of  February, 
1854,  1.785  miles  of  road  terminated  in  the  city.  The  total  mileage 
of  the  systems  centering  here  now  is  aboiit  32,285  miles. 

The  marvel  of  this  system  is  the  magnitude  of  the  lines  comprising 
it,  and  the  immense  mileage  controlled.  SAveeping  across  the  continent, 
they  give  access  to  all  the  ports  of  both  oceans,  stretch  southAvard  to 
the  harbors  of  the  Gulf,  and,  disregarding  the  boundaries  of  nations, 
penetrate  to  the  centers  of  Canada  and  the  Mexican  Republic.  The 
suburban  systems  of  trains  operated  by  these  roads  have  created 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  41 

a  cordon  of  flourishing  suburban  towns  around  the  city.  During  1883 
the  average  number  of  regular  daily  trains  arriving  were  :  Passenger, 
123  ;  suburban,  77  ;  freight,  141 ;  departing  :  Passenger,  122  ;  sub- 
urban, 78,  and  freight,  12-4 ;  total,  665.  To  these  must  be  added  a 
large  number  of  irregular  trains  which,  together  with  the  natural 
increase,  and  the  further  increase  due  to  the  establishment  of  new 
lines,  will  doubtless  swell  the  present  aggregate  arrivals  and  departures 
to  fully  850.  A  peculiar  feature  of  the  railroad  system  of  the  city  is 
the  number  of  competing  lines  reaching  to  all  important  points,  and 
producing  a  healthy  rivalry,  which  inures  to  her  benefit  in  cheap  and 
abundant  facilities  for  transportation.  It  is  a  notable  fact,  also,  that 
while  her  sister  cities  have  subscribed  enormous  sums  toward  their 
highways,  Chicago,  in  her  corporate  capacity,  has  never  given  one 
dollar  of  aid,  lent  her  credit,  or  taken  a  share  of  stock  in  any  of  the 
multitude  of  enterprises  of  this  kind  associated  with  her  history. 

The  Chicago  &  North-western  Railway  Company  operates  5,646 
miles  of  roadway,  tapping  the  chief  centers  and  rich  agricultural 
regions  of  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  northern  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Iowa, 
Dakota  and  Nebraska,  forming  one  of  the  principal  commercial  high- 
ways of  the  west.  Its  chief  termini  are  Chicago  at  the  east,  Council 
Bluffs  at  the  west,  Pierre,  Dakota,  and  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  at  the 
northwest  and  Ishpenning  at  the  north.  It  was  organized  June  7, 
1859,  by  the  creditors  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad, 
who  had  succeeded  to  that  property  by  foreclosure.  The  line  then 
reached  from  Chicago  north  ninety-one  miles  to  Janesville,  and  from 
Fond  du  Lac  south  twenty-eight  and  one-half  miles.  The  Chicago,  St. 
Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Company  grew  out  of  a  consolidation  March  30, 
1855,  of  the  Illinois  &  Wisconsin  and  the  Eock  River  Valley  Compa- 
nies, chartered  respectively  in  Illinois  and  Wisconsin  early  in  1851. 
The  policy  of  the  new  company  was  vigorous  from  the  start.  Before 
the  close  of  1859  through  trains  were  running  from  Chicago  to  Fond 
du  Lac,  and  an  era  of  extension  and  absorption  was  inaugurated  which 
has  culminated  in  the  present  gigantic  system.  In  1882  the  various 
companies  whose  lines  had  been  absorbed  were  merged  into  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Company  by  formal  proceedings.  Since  that  time 
the  Northwestern  has  acquired  control  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
apolis &  Omaha  Railway  by  the  purchase  of  147,000  shares  of  its  stock, 
and  of  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railway  by  purchase.  The  system  is 
divided  into  five  principal  divisions  or  lines.  Skirting  the  shores  of 
Lake  Michigan,  the  first  of  these  penetrates,  via  Milwaukee,  the  Michi- 


42  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

gan  peninsula.  The  second,  passing  more  to  the  northwest,  sweeps 
away  through  Madison,  Beloit,  and  on  to  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul. 
Diverging  from  this  line  at  Elroy,  a  third  grand  division  takes  a  west- 
erly course,  crosses  the  Mississippi  River  at  Winona,  traverses  Minne- 
sota, and  halts  at  Pierre,  Dakota.  The  fourth  line  leaves  Chicago,  heads 
due  west,  crosses  Illinois  and  Iowa,  and  terminates  at  Council  Bluffs; 
and  the  fifth,  leaving  this  line  at  Tama,  134  miles  beyond  the  Missis- 
sippi, sweeps  northward  into  Dakota.  The  equipment  of  the  road 
includes  593  engines  and  19,867  freight  and  passenger  cars.  The 
passenger  station  of  the  company  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Wells  and 
Kinzie  Streets  is  a  massive  structure  of  red  pressed  brick,  with  cut 
stone  trimmings,  in  an  attractive  style  of  architecture.  Adjoining  on 
the  south,  and  on  North  State,  West  Kinzie  and  at  the  corner  of  Canal 
and  Sixteenth  Streets,  are  located  the  freight  depots.  The  general 
office  is  at  56  Kinzie  Street.  The  principal  ticket  offices  are  at  the 
depot  and  at  62  Clark  Street. 

The  Michigan  Central  Railroad  is  the  great  central  highway  of 
Michigan,  through  which  it  ramifies  in  every  direction,  and  brings 
tributary  to  Chicago  the  vast  and  fertile  region  bordered  by  the  great 
lakes — Michigan,  Erie  and  Huron.  It  is  also  a  great  thoroughfare  to 
the  east,  especially  favored  by  summer  tourists  because  of  its  magnifi- 
cent scenery  and  cool  atmosphere.  The  construction  of  the  main  line, 
which  runs  from  Detroit  to  Kensington,  111.,  270  miles,  was  begun  in 
1836  by  the  Detroit  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad  Company,  chartered  June 
29,  1832.  April  22,  1837,  that  company  disposed  of  its  property  and 
franchises  to  the  state  of  Michigan,  and  under  the  auspices  of  the 
state  the  road  was  opened  from  Detroit  to  Ypsilanti.  thirty  miles,  Feb. 
3,  1838;  to  Ann  Arbor,  eight  miles,  Oct.  17,  1839,  and  in  similar 
small  sections  annually  to  Kalamazoo,  144  miles,  Feb.  2,  1846,  when 
the  legislature  refused  further  appropriations  for  the  work.  In  th:s 
year  the  present  company  was  chartered  and  purchased  the  road,  tak- 
ing possession  Saptember  24th.  The  price  paid  was  $2,000,000, 
entailing  a  loss  of  $500,000  to  the  state.  In  May,  1852,  the  line  was 
finished  to  Kensington.  From  this  point  it  enters  Chicago,  fourteen 
miles  distant,  via  the  Illinois  Central  track,  over  which  it  holds  a  lease, 
and  uses  as  a  passenger  station  the  depot  owned  jointly  with  that  road 
at  the  foot  of  Lake  Street,  the  freight  depots  being  located  at  the  foot 
of  South  Water  Street.  The  following  are  the  lines  operated  by  the 
company,  including  the  Canada  Southern  and  other  leased  roads  : 
Chicago  to  Niagara  Falls  and  Buffalo,  512.9  miles ;  Lake  to  Joliet,  45  ; 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  43 

Niles  to  Jackson,  103.4;  Niles  to  South  Bend,  11.1;  Kalamazoo  to 
South  Haven,  39.5  ;  Jackson  to  Grand  Eapids,  93.9 ;  Jackson  to  Bay 
City,  114.2  ;  Bay  City  to  Mackinac  City,  182  ;  Beaver  Lake  to  Sage's 
Lake,  8  ;  Pinconning  to  Bowen's  Branch,  35  ;  Detroit  to  Bay  City,  109; 
Vassar  to  Saginaw  City,  22.3  ;  Lapeer  to  Five  Lakes,  8.5  ;  Vassar  to 
Caro,  13;  Detroit  to  Toledo,  59.3;  Essex  Center  to  Amherstburg, 
15.7  ;  Air  Line  Crossing  to  Courtright,  62.6  ;  (Michigan,  Midland  and 
Canada  Eailway)  St.  Clair  to  Ridgeway,  15  ;  Petrolea  Branch,  5  ;  Niag- 
ara Junction  to  Niagara,  27.7  ;  Welland  to  Buffalo,  23  ;  total,  1,506.1 
miles.  The  line  now  crosses  the  Niagara  Eiver  on  its  new  cantilever 
bridge,  just  below  the  falls.  The  equipment  of  rolling  stock  comprises 
396  locomotives  and  11,362  cars  of  all  kinds.  The  general  offices  are 
at  Detroit.  The  Chicago  offices  are  at  183  Dearborn  Street. 

The  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway  was  begun  by  the 
state  of  Michigan  Avith  the  purpose  of  building  a  line  through  its 
southern  tier  of  counties,  connecting  Monroe  on  Lake  Erie  with  New 
Buffalo  on  Lake  Michigan.  Eighteen  miles  laid  with  strap  rails  were 
completed  from  Monroe  to  Petersburg  in  1839,  extended  to  Adrian  in 
1840,  and  to  Hillsdale  in  1843,  when  the  state,  being  unable  to  secure 
funds  for  its  further  construction,  sold  the  property  in  1846  to  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railway  Company,  organized  in  May  of  that  year. 
In  1835  the  Northern  Indiana  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  by  the 
state  of  Indiana,  as  the  Buffalo  &  Mississippi  Railroad  Company,  and 
was  organized  two  years  later.  The  financial  disasters  of  1837 
delayed  the  enterprise  until  1849,  when  the  property  was  acquired 
by  the  Michigan  Southern  Company,  which  decided  to  make  Chicago 
the  western  terminus,  and  by  which  the  work  was  pushed  vigorously, 
the  line  from  lake  to  lake,  243  miles  in  length,  being  opened  May  22, 
1852.  In  1849  possession  of  the  Erie  &  Kalamazoo,  from  Toledo  to 
Adrian,  thirty-three  miles,  was  acquired  by  perpetrial  lease.  This  line 
had  previously  been  laid  Avith  strap  rails  and  operated  with  horse 
power.  The  Palmyra  &  Jacksonburg  Railroad  was  opened  to  Tecum- 
seh,  thirteen  miles,  in  1838,  sold  to  the  state  of  Michigan  for  $22,000 
in  1844,  and  was  included  in  the  sale  by  the  state  to  the  Michigan 
Southern  Company,  by  which  it  was  finished  to  Jackson.  The  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway  Company  was  organized  under 
the  laws  of  Ohio  in  1869,  and  was  formed  by  a  consolidation  of  the 
system  just  described  with  the  Cleveland  &  Toledo,  a  consolidation, 
Sept.  1,  1853,  of  the  Toledo,  Norwalk  &  Cleveland,  and  the  junction 
railroads  extending  from  Toledo  to  Cleveland ;  the  Cleveland,  Plains- 


44  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

ville  &  Ashtabula,  running  from  Cleveland  to  Erie,  and  the  Buffalo  & 
Erie  Railroad.  There  were  927.23  miles  of  road  included  in  this  consol- 
idation which  has  been  increased,  by  purchase,  lease  and  construction  to 
1,405.56  miles.  The  main  line  is  from  Chicago  to  Buffalo  via  Cleve- 
land, 540.04  miles,  and  is  double  tracked  throughout.  The  passenger 
depot  is  on  Van  Bureu  Street,  corner  Sherman.  City  offices  at  depot. 
General  offices  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Controlling  interest  was  recently 
acquired  in  the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway,  and  the  two 
roads  are  now  operated  conjointly. 

The  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  stretches  from  Chicago 
to  Denver,  and  envelops  the  states  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Col- 
orado, Missouri  and  Kansas  in  a  net-work  of  roadways  and  branches 
aggregating  upwards  of  3,400  miles.  It  taps  the  coal  fields  at  Streator, 
sweeps  west  and  southwest  to  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  Leaven  worth,  St. 
Joseph,  Atchisou  and  Denver,  Omaha,  Lincoln,  Des  Moines,  Burling- 
ton and  Davenport.  The  road  was  chartered  in  1852  as  the  Chicago 
<fe  Aurora  (from  Chicago  to  Aurora,  some  forty  miles),  but  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  Central  Military  Tract  Railroad  and  reorganized  under 
present  name  July  9,  1856.  The  purchase  of  the  Northern  Cross 
Railroad,  in  1860,  extended  the  line  to  Quincy,  and  the  Peoria  & 
Oquawka  two  years  later,  gave  it  a  through  line  to  Burlington.  In 
1875  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  Road  in  Iowa,  and  in  1880  the  same  road 
in  Nebraska,  was  absorbed.  And  thus  the  vast  landed  estate  of  the 
company  in  Iowa  and  Nebraska  was  obtained.  From  1880  extensions 
and  acquisitions  have  followed  each  other  rapidly.  The  road  is  re- 
nowned for  the  excellence  of  its  equipment.  Principal  offices,  corner 
Adams  and  Franklin  Streets.  Passenger  station,  Union  Depot,  Canal 
Street,  Perceval  Lowell  is  General  Passenger  Agent. 

The  Illinois  Central  Railroad  enters  the  city  from  the  south  over  six 
tracks  lying  along  the  lake  shore.  It  is  a  popular  route  of  suburban 
travel,  and  has  passenger  stations  at  short  intervals  along  the  city  and 
suburban  portion  of  the  line,  which  includes  a  branch  from  Park  Side 
to  South  Chicago,  4.76  miles.  The  company  was  chartered  in  Decem- 
ber, 1850 ;  organization  completed  February  10th  following.  An  act 
of  Congress  made  a  land  grant  to  the  road,  conditioned  on  its  comple- 
tion within  six  years,  and  payment  to  the  state  of  Illinois  of  seven  per 
cent  of  the  gross  earnings.  The  latter  is  now  a  source  of  considerable 
revenue  to  the  state.  The  entire  line  from  Chicago  to  Cairo,  364.73 
miles,  and  from  Centralia  to  Dubuque,  la.,  340.77  miles,  was  opened 
ipr  traffic  Sept.  26,  1856.  The  Chicago  &  Springfield,  a  reorganiza- 


UNION  DEPOT,  CANAL  STREET,  BETWEEN  MADISON  AND  ADAMS  STREETS. 

USED  BY:  CHICAGO,  BURLINGTON  &  QUINCY;  CHICAGO,  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL:  CHICAGO  A  ALTON;  PITTS- 
BURGH, FT,  WAYNE  £  CHICAGO,  AND  CHICAGO.  ST.  LOUIS  &  PITTSBURGH  RAILROADS, 


46  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

tion  of  the  Gilman,  Clinton  &  Springfield  Ro.td,  111.47  miles,  was 
leased  in  1877.  The  Kankakee  &  Southwestern,  from  Otto  to  Chats- 
worth,  was  built  the  following  year,  and  was  subsequently  extended  to 
Normal  Junction,  79.46  miles.  A  branch  from  Kempton  to  Kankakee 
Junction,  111.,  41.8  miles,  and  from  Buckingham  to  Tracy,  ten  miles, 
were  also  added.  The  .Dubuque  &  Sioux  City,  the  Iowa  Falls  &  Sioux 
City,  and  the  Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Roads,  having  a  total  of  402. 1(3 
miles,  are  operated  underlease.  In  1882  almost  the  entire  stock  of  the 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  New  Orleans  Eailway  was  acquired,  and  the  con- 
trol of  the  system  extending  from  Cairo  to  New  Orleans,  548  miles, 
with  branches  from  the  main  line  to  Kosciusko  and  Lexington,  Miss., 
30.30  miles.  In  1884  a  branch  was  opened  from  Jackson,  Miss.,  to 
Yazoo  City,  45.34  miles,  and  from  Kosciusko  to  Aberdeen,  86. G7. 
Total  number  of  miles  in  .the  system,  2,064.76.  General  office,  78 
Michigan  Avenue.  Depots,  foot  of  Lake  Street. 

The  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railway  was  the  first  road  to 
reach  the  Mississippi  from  Chicago.  Originally  organized  as  the  Rock 
Island  &  LaSalle  Railroad  in  1847,  it  was  reorganized  and  chartered  as 
the  Chicago  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  Feb.  7,  1851,  and  the  line  was 
opened  to  the  Mississippi  River  July  10,  1854.  Upon  consolidation 
with  the  Mississippi  &  Missouri  Railway  Company  Aug.  20,  1866, 
the  present  title  was  assumed.  The  extension  to  the  Missouri  River, 
and  to  a  junction  with  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  was  completed  in 
1869.  The  Kansas  City  extension,  built  by  the  Iowa  Southern  &  Mis- 
souri Northern  Railway  Company,  was  subsequently  purchased,  and  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph,  the  Peoria  &  Bureau  Valley,  and  the  Keokuk 
&  Des  Moines  Roads  were  leased.  June  4, 1880,  a  formal  consolidation 
was  effected,  absorbing  the  following  roads :  Sou  h  Chicago  Branch, 
Washington  Branch,  Iowa  Southern  &  Missouri  Northern  Railroad, 
Atchison,Des  Moines,  Indianolaand  Winterset  Branches,  Newton  &  Mon- 
roe, Atlantic  Southern, Avoca,  Macedonia  &  Southwestern,  and  the  Atlan- 
tic &  Audubon  Roads,  making  the  total  mileage  owned  1,120.9,  exclu- 
sive of  side  tracks,  and  an  aggregate  of  1,790  mi  es  operated.  Among 
the  chief  terminal  points  are :  Chicago.  Peoria,  Kansas  City,  Rock 
Island,  Council  Bluffs,  Atchison,  Davenport,  Des  Moines,  Leavenworth 
and  Keokuk.  Control  of  the  "  Albert  Lea  Route,"  acquired  in  1881, 
greatly  augmented  the  mileage  and  furnished  an  inlet  to  Minneapolis 
and  St.  Paul.  Freight  depots,  Fourth  Avenue  and  Twelfth  Street. 
Passenger  depot,  Van  Buren  Street,  between  Pacific  Avenue  and  Sher- 
man Street.  E.  St.  John  is  general  passenger  agent. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  47 

The  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  with  its  leased  lines,  forms  a  grand 
trunk  system  spanning  the  states  of  Illinois  and  Missouri,  and  connect- 
ing the  cities  of  Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City,  via  Joliet,  Bloom- 
ington  and  Springfield.  The  total  length  of  line  operated  is  about 
1,050  miles.  The  main  line  proper  reaches  from  Joliet  to  Alton.  It 
was  chartered  as  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi  Elver  Railroad  Feb.  27, 
1847,  and  opened  for  traffic  in  1855.  It  was  reorganized  as  the  St. 
Louis,  Alton  &  Chicago  Railroad  in  1857,  and  the  main  line  extended 
from  Alton  to  East  St.  Louis  two  years  later,  giving  it  a  total  length  of 
243|  miles.  The  present  company  was  formed  Feb.  16,  1861,  and 
came  into  possession,  by  foreclosure,  in  the  year  following.  Entrance 
into  Chicago  was  secured  by  a  lease  in  perpetuity  of  the  Joliet  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  thirty-seven  miles  in  length.  In  1879  the  Chicago 
&  Illinois  River  Railroad,  now  operated  as  the  Coal  City  Branch,  was 
purchased,  and  in  the  same  year  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  just  completed,  was  acquired  by  perpetual  lease.  In  1872 
the  Louisiana  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  and  in  1877  the  Mississippi 
Bridge  had  been  similarly  acquired,  as  had  also  the  St.  Louis,  Jackson- 
ville &  Chicago  Railroad,  since  consolidated  with  the  controUing  com- 
pany. The  Upper  Alton  line  was  extended  to  Milton  in  1882.  The 
equipment  embraces  some  220  engines,  and  about  6.200  cars  of  all 
kinds,  including  dining,  sleeping,  parlor  and  reclining  chair  cars. 
The  freight  depots  are  at  the  corner  of  West  Van  Buren  and  South 
Canal  Streets.  Passenger  trains  use  the  Union  Depot  on  Canal  Street. 
Tne  general  offices  are  located  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Dearborn 
and  Adams  Streets.  The  ticket  office  is  at  89  South  Clark. 

The  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railway  is  a  part  of  the 
great  Pennsylvania  system.  It  is  over  this  line  that  the  limited 
express,  composed  entirely  of  palace  sleepers,  runs  between  Chicago 
and  New  York,  in  twenty-five  hours.  The  company  is  successor,  by 
consolidation  Aug.  1,  1856,  of  the  Ohio  &  Pennsylvania  Company, 
chartered  in  Ohio  Feb.  24,  1848,  and  in  Pennsylvania  April  llth  of 
the  same  year ;  the  Ohio  &  Indiana  Company,  chartered  in  Ohio  March 
20,  1850,  and  in  Indiana  Jan.  15,  1851,  and  the  Fort  Wayne  <t  Chicago 
Company  organized  in  Indiana  Sept.  22,  1852,  and  in  Illinois  Feb.  5, 
1853.  The  entire  line  from  Chicago  to  Pittsburg,  468.39  miles,  was 
opened  for  business  Jan.  1,  1859;  sold  under  foreclosure  Oct.  24, 
1861,  and  reorganized  under  the  present  title  Feb.  26,  1862.  On  the 
27th  of  June,  1869,  the  road  was  leased  in  perpetuity  to  the  Pennsj-1- 
vania  system,  to  which  it  has  proved  profitable,  at  a  rental  of  7%  per 


48  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

annum  on  the  capital  stock.    Depots  and  local  offices,  corner  Canal  and 
Madison  Streets.    General  offices  at  Pittsburgh. 

The  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad  Company  succeeded  the  Chi- 
cago, Danville  &  Vincennes  Company,  which  Avas  organized  Feb.  16, 
1865.  The  road  was  sold  under  foreclosure  Feb.  9,  1877,  and  present 
company  was  organized  in  August  following.  Main  line  extends  from 
Danville,  111.,  to  Dolton,  seventeen  miles  south  of  Chicago,  whence  cars 
enter  the  city  over  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana.  The  Evansville, 
Terre  Haute  &  Chicago  Road  is  operated  under  a  999  years'  lease. 
Freight  trains  are  run  over  the  Indiana,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railway  to  Covington,  111.,  and  thence  over  its  own  line  to  Coal  Creek, 
nine  miles.  A  branch,  thirteen  miles,  extends  from  Wellington  to 
Cisna  Park,  and  another  from  Danville  to  Sidell,  twenty-two  miles, 
through  the  Grape  Creek  coal  fields.  From  Otter  Creek  Junction  a 
leased  line  extends  to  Brazil,  Ind.  General  offices,  123  Dearborn  Street. 

The  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  Railroad  succeeded  to  the 
franchises  of  the  Columbus  &  Indianapolis  Eailroad,  a  new  company 
being  formed  April  2,  1883.  A  direct  line  from  Chicago  connects  with 
the  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Eailroad  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  and 
another  to  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  connects  with  the  Jeffersonville,  Madi- 
son &  Indianapolis  Railroad.  The  main  line,  187.15  miles,  is  from 
Columbus  to  Indianapolis.  From  Bradford  Junction,  Ohio,  a  branch, 
230.98  miles,  extends  to  Chicago,  and  from  Richmond,  Ind.,  a  branch, 
102.22  miles,  extends  to  Anoka  Junction.  A  third  branch,  60.19  miles, 
runs  from  Peoria  Junction,  Ind.,  to  Illinois  State  line — making  a  total 
length  of  roadway  of  580.54  miles.  Union  Passenger  Depot,  Canal 
Street.  Freight  depots,  corner  Carroll  Avenue  and  North  Halsted 
Street,  and  Carroll  Avenue  and  Clinton  Street.  The  Pennsylvania  Com- 
pany holds  a  majority  of  the  stock  and  operates  the  road. 

The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway  sweeps  westward  in 
four  great  parallels,  the  first  of  which  crosses  the  state  of  Illinois  via 
Elgin,  spans  the  Mississippi  at  Savanna,  throws  off  branches  south- 
ward to  Rock  Island,  Davenport  and  Ottumwa.  and  stretches  on  to 
Council  Bluffs.  The  second  line  leaves  Milwaukee  via  Madison  and  Prai- 
rie Du  Chien,  throws  branches  to  Sioux  City,  Yankton  and  Running 
Water.  The  third  parallel  passes  north  via  Milwaukee,  thence  west  via 
Portage  and  La  Crosse,  traverses  southern  Minnesota  and  penetrates  far 
into  Dakota.  Leaving  the  first  'ine  at  the  Mississippi  River,  the  fourth 
grand  division  follows  the  Father  of  Waters  north  past  Dubuque, 
crosses  the  second  line  at  Prairie  Du  Chien  and  the  third  at  La  Crosse, 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  49 

strikes  direct  for  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  and  runs  thence  to  Ellen- 
dale  and  Aberdeen,  Dakota,  and  continuing  south  to  Mitchell  it  strikes 
the  Iowa  and  Dakota  division.  The  intermediate  territory  between 
the  parallels  is  filled  with  branches  and  minor  lines  which  increase  the 
total  mileage  operated  to  4,804.6  miles.  The  company,  which  holds  a 
charter  from  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  its  chief  offices  being  at  Milwaukee, 
was  formed  by  a  consolidation  in  1873  of  the  Milwaukee  &  Waukesha, 
the  Madison  &  Prairie  Du  Chien,  the  La  Crosse  &  Milwaukee,  and  the 
St.  Paul  &  Chicago  companies,  with  a  total  of  1,399  miles  of  track,  which 
was  augmented  in  1878  to  1,539  miles.  In  the  next  year  535  miles 
were  added  by  purchase  and  construction,  143  of  which  were  in 
Dakota,  the  purchases  including  the  Western  Union,  the  Davenport  & 
Northwestern,  the  Minnesota  Southern,  and  the  Minnesota  Extension 
railroads.  In  1880  349  miles  of  road  were  built  and  1,193  miles  pur- 
chased, and  in  the  next  year  442  miles  of  road  were  constructed.  Dur- 
ing 1882  the  total  mileage  was  increased  to  4,520  miles,  which,  up  to 
July  15,  1884,  had  been  further  augmented  to  4,804.6  miles  as  above 
stated.  The  equipment  of  the  road  is  very  complete,  numbering  626 
engines  and  19,018  cars  of  all  classes.  Passenger  trains  use  the  Union 
Depot  at  Canal  and  Madison  Streets.  The  freight  depots  are  at  the 
corner  of  Carroll  Avenue  and  North  Union  Street.  Grain  elevators  are 
at  the  corner  of  North  Canal  Street  and  Carroll  Avenue.  Ticket  offices 
are  at  63  Clark  Street  and  at  the  Union  Depot.  F.  A.  Miller  is  the  gen- 
eral agent  in  Chicago.  The  general  office  is  at  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

The  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railway,  better  known  as 
the  "  Monon  Route,"  traverses  the  entire  length  of  the  state  of  Indiana 
from  north  to  south  and  has  for  its  termini  Chicago,  Louisville,  Indian- 
apolis and  Michigan  City.  It  owns  a  one-fifth  interest  in  a  leasehold 
of  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railroad,  over  whose  line  it  enters 
the  city  from  Hammond,  Ind.,  and  uses  jointly  with  other  roads  the 
new  passenger  station  of  that  company  at  Polk  Street  and  Fourth 
Avenue.  It  also  holds  a  one -fifth  interest  in  the  Belt  Railway  of  Chi- 
cago, The  original  line  was  chartered  by  the  state  of  Indiana,  Jan.  25, 
1847,  under  the  name  of  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Kail- 
road,  and  sold  under  foreclosure  and  reorganized  by  the  first  mortgage 
creditors  under  its  present  name,  Dec.  27,  1872.  It  was  opened  July 
4,  1852,  and  extended  from  Michigan  City  to  New  Albany,  288  miles. 
On  the  10th  of  July,  1881,  it  was  consolidated  with  the  Chicago  & 
Indianapolis  Air  Line  Railroad,  which  was  a  reorganization  of  the 
Indianapolis,  Delphi  &  Chicago,  under  the  charter  of  which  the  com- 
4 


50  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

pany  completed  its  line  from  Delphi  to  Hammond  in  January,  1882, 
crossing  the  main  line  at  Monon.  Later  in  the  same  year  a  contract 
•was  concluded  with  the  Pennsylvania  Company  whereby  that  company 
doubled  its  track  between  the  junction  of  the  two  roads  and  the  Louis- 
ville bridge,  and  track  privileges  were  secured  over  the  same  by  lease 
for  ninety-nine  years,  and  an  entrance  into  Louisville  gained.  The 
track  from  Chicago  to  Louisville,  317  miles  in  length,  is  now  operated 
as  the  main  line.  The  line  from  Monon  to  Michigan  City,  fifty-nine 
miles,  is  known  as  the  Northern  division,  and  the  branch  from  Monon 
to  Indianapolis,  ninety-four  miles,  opened  for  traffic  March  25,  1883, 
as  the  Indianapolis  division.  A  feature  of  the  route  is  a  through  line 
of  sleepers  from  Chicago  to  Jacksonville,  Fla.  By  an  arrangement  now 
in  effect  with  the  C.  H.  &  D.  E.  E.  a  through  line  of  Pullman  buffet 
sleepers,  parlor  chair  cars,  in  fact,  solid  train  service  is  being  per- 
formed between  Chicago  and  Cincinnati  via  Indianapolis,  and  by  simi- 
lar arrangements  with  the  Chicago  &  Indiana  Coal  Ey.,  through  coach 
service  is  in  effect  between  Chicago  and  Brazil,  tnd.,  via  Fair  Oaks. 
The  equipment  embraces  sixty  engines  and  2,400  cars  of  all  descrip- 
tions. The  freight  depots  of  the  Western  Indiana  Eailroad  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Polk  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue  are  used.  The  ticket  office  is  at 
73  Clark  Street,  and  the  general  offices  are  at  183  Dearborn  Street. 

The  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway  now  forms  the  western 
extension  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Eailway  of  Canada  by  which  it  is 
operated,  and  with  which  it  forms  a  continuous  line  from  Chicago 
through  Indiana  and  Michigan  and  Canada  to  Portland,  Me.,  and  the 
Atlantic  coast,  embracing,  with  branches  and  auxiliary  lines,  a  total 
mileage  of  3,330  miles.  Its  termini  are  Montreal,  Detroit,  Niagara 
Falls,  Buffalo,  Chicago,  Goderich,  Quebec  and  Portland.  The  main 
line  of  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Eailway  extends  from  Chicago  to 
Port  Huron,  Mich.,  a  distance  of  335  miles.  It  also  operates  four  miles 
of  the  Grand  Trunk  Junction  Eailroad,  and  four  and  a  half  miles  of  the 
Western  Indiana  Eoad,  over  which  it  enters  the  city  from  Forty-ninth 
Street,  running  into  the  Union  Depot  of  that  road  at  Third  Avenue  and 
Polk  Street,  which  it  uses  as  a  passenger  station.  The  company  is  the 
result  of  a  consolidation,  effected  April  7,  1880,  of  the  Fort  Huron  <fe 
Lake  Michigan,  opened  in  December,  1871,  and  the  Peninsula  Eail- 
road, opened  in  1872  (which  were  consolidated  under  the  name  of  the 
Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Eailroad,  in  August,  1873,  and  extended  to 
Valparaiso,  Ind.),  with  the  line  between  Lansing  and  Flint,  Mich., 
built  by  the  Northwestern  Eailroad  Company,  and  the  extension  from 


52  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK   OF   CHICAGO. 

Valparaiso  to  Chicago,  bnilt  by  the  Northwestern  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way Company,  and  opened  Feb.  8,  1880.  The  rolling  stock  of  the 
Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  proper  consists  of  135  locomotive  engines 
and  1,169  cars  for  all  purposes.  The  Grand  Trunk  system,  however, 
of  -which  it  forms  the  western  division,  owns  over  21,000  cars  and 
some  700  locomotives.  The  freight  depots  are  at  Twelfth  Street  and 
Third  Avenue.  The  ticket  offices  are  at  103  Washington  Street,  and 
at  the  depot.  The  main  offices  are  at  Port  Huron  and  Detroit,  Mich. 
The  Chicago  office  is  in  the  First  National  Bank  building. 

The  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  Railway  is  a  vast  system  of  con- 
necting lines  formed  by  consolidation,  purchase  and  lease  of  its  various 
parts,  aggregating  3,601.2  miles.  It  is  an  important  highway.  The  main 
line  of  the  road,  712.2  miles  long,  extends  from  Toledo,  Ohio,  via  St. 
Louis  to  Kansas  City.  Other  principal  lines  reach  out  to  Chicago, 
Burlington,  Council  Bluffs,  and  less  important  termini.  The  Chicago 
line  is  formed  of  the  Chicago  &  Strawn  Bail  road  from  Strawn,  Illinois, 
to  a  junction  with  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railroad  near  Chi- 
cago, 97.8  miles,  whence  it  enters  the  city  via  the  latter  road,  1.9 
miles,  making  use  of  the  terminal  facilities  of  the  Chicago  &  Western 
Indiana,  including  the  Union  Depot  at  Fourth  Avenue  and  Polk  Street. 
The  Chicago  &  Strawn  Road  was  acquired  by  purchase  Aug.  1,  1880, 
and  the  Chicago  &  Paducah,  165  miles,  April  1,  1880,  and  merged  into 
the  main  corporation.  The  other  terminal  facilities  include  the  use  of 
the  freight  depot  of  the  Western  Indiana  Company  at  Twelfth  Street 
and  Fourth  Avenue.  The  rolling  stock  consists  of  614  engines  and 
20,177  cars  of  all  descriptions.  On  the  10th  of  April,  1883,  the  road 
and  property  of  the  company  were  leased  for  99  years  to  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad  which  was  itself  leased  to  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad  Company,  which  thereby  came  into  control  and 
with  which  close  connections  were  formed  advantageous  to  through 
traffic  to  the  Pacific  slope.  The  principal  offices  are  established  at  St. 
Louis.  In  the  summer  of  1884  Solon  Humphreys  and  Thomas  E.  Tutt 
were  appointed  receivers.  The  local  ticket  office  is  at  109  Clark  Street. 
The  local  freight  offices  are  at  the  freight  depot  corner  of  Twelfth 
Street  and  Fonrth  Avenue. 

The  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railway,  whose  main  line  extends 
from  La  Crosse,  Ind.,  to  Pentwater,  Mich.,  208.74  miles,  with  branches 
ramifying  through  the  adjacent  territories  and  making  up  a  total  mile- 
age of  409.74  miles,  has  recently  secured  an  entrance  into  Chicago 
over  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  whose  depots  at  the  foot  of 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  53 

South  Water  Street  it  uses,  and  it  constitutes  with  its  connections  a 
through  line  to  Manistee,  Ludington,  Grand  Rapids,  Muskegon,  Grand 
Haven,  and  all  points  in  western  Michigan.  Parlor  and  sleeping  cars 
are  run  on  all  trains.  This  company  was  formed  Oct.  1,  1881,  by  the 
consolidation  of  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Kailroad,  from  New 
Buffalo  to  Pentwater,  170  miles,  with  branches  91.9  miles;  the  Grand 
Kapids,  Newaygo  &  Lake  Shore  Kailroad  from  Grand  Kapids  to  White 
Cloud,  forty-six  miles,  organized  Sept.  11,  1869 ;  the  Grand  Haven 
Kailroad  from  Allegan  to  Muskegon,  fifty-seven  and  a  half  miles,  and 
the  Indiana  &  Michigan  Railroad,  of  Indiana.  The  company  first 
named  was  organized  Jan.  1,  1879,  as  the  successor  of  the  Chicago  & 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Kailroad  Company,  which  was  organized  April 
24,  1869,  opened  its  main  line  July  1,  1873,  and  was  sold  under  fore- 
closure and  reorganized  Nov.  16,  1878.  In  1882  the  Indiana  & 
Michigan  Kailway  was  opened  to  La  Crosse.  By  a  recent  arrangement 
the  company  now  runs  through  daily  trains  from  Grand  Rapids  to 
Cincinnati  over  the  tracks  of  the  Cincinnati,  Indianapolis,  St.  Louis  & 
Chicago  Kailway.  The  equipment  includes  some  thirty  engines  and 
900  cars  of  all  classes.  The  general  offices  and  address  of  the  road  is 
at  Muskegon,  Mich.  The  local  ticket  office  is  at  67  Clark  Street. 

The  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railroad  was  organized  under  the 
statutes  of  Illinois  June  6,  1879,  for  the  purpose  of  leasing  its  road 
and  terminal  facilities  in  the  city  and  vicinity  to  other  companies.  It 
owns  the  splendid  new  Union  Depot  now  in  process  of  construction  at 
Fourth  Avenue  and  Polk  Street,  together  with  freight  depots  and  ware- 
houses at  Twelfth  Street  and  Third  Avenue,  which,  together  with  the 
track,  are  used  jointly  by  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois,  the  Wabash, 
St.  Louis  &  Pacific,  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  the  Chicago  & 
Atlantic,  and  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Companies.  It  also 
owns  an  elevator  on  the  Chicago  River  near  Eighteenth  Street  with 
capacity  of  1,500,000  bushels.  The  road  was  opened  in  May,  1880, 
and  in  the  following  year  the  company  was  consolidated  with  the 
South  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railroad  Company/whereby  access 
to  the  iron  and  lumber  interests  at  South  Chicago  was  secured,  and 
with  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Belt  Kailway  Company  affording 
connection  for  the  transfer  of  cars  with  the  various  roads  centering  in 
Chicago.  The  Belt  division  is  leased  by  the  Belt  Railway  of  Chicago. 
The  track  owned  by  the  company  includes  the  line  from  Polk  Street  to 
Dalton,  Illinois,  16.69  miles,  the  Hammond  extension,  10.28  miles, 
and  the  Belt  division,  24.68  miles,  making  a  total  of  51.69  miles.  The 


54  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

annual  rental  is  $760,000.  The  rolling  stock  includes  12  locomotives 
and  155  cars,  principally  platform  cars.  The  company  also  owns 
sixty-seven  acres  of  land  within  the  city  limits,  and  146  acres  in  the 
immediate  suburbs,  including  some  very  valuable  wharf  property. 
The  principal  offices  are  at  94  Washington  Street. 

The  Cincinnati,  Indianapolis,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railway,  popu- 
larly known  as  the  "Big  Four,"  or  the  "Kankakee  Eoute,"  constitutes 
a  through  line  between  Chicago,  Indianapolis,  Louisville  and  Cincin- 
nati, and  at  the  las*  two  places  forms  through  connection  for  all  points 
in  the  south.  The  company  grew  out  of  a  consolidation  in  1866  of 
tl»e  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  and  the  Lafayette  &  Indianapolis  Kail- 
roads,  taking  at  that  time  the  title  of  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  & 
Lafayette  Railroad,  and  operated  the  main  line  from  Cincinnati  to 
Lafayette,  174.90  miles,  until  sold  under  foreclosure,  Feb.  2,  1880. 
It  was  then  purchased  in  behalf  of  those  formerly  interested  in  it,  and 
a  new  company  organized,  which  took  possession  March  6th  of  the 
same  year.  The  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  &  Chicago  Eailroad  (Lafayette 
to  Kankakee,  seventy-five  and  a  half  miles,)  was  leased  Sept.  1,  1880, 
and  incorporated  into  the  main  line,  and  an  entrance  from  Kankakee 
into  Chicago  over  the  line  of  the  Illinois  Central  was  acquired  by  con- 
tract. This  contract  also  secured  the  use  of  the  terminal  stations  of 
the  latter  road  at  the  foot  of  Lake  and  South  Water  Streets.  The 
company  owns  a  half  interest  in  and  operates  the  Kankakee  &  Seneca 
Eailroad  between  the  points  named,  42,32  miles,  and  a  branch  to 
Lawrenceburg,  Ind.,  2.60  miles.  It  also  operates,  under  perpetual 
lease,  a  line  from  Valley  Junction  to  Harrison,  Ohio,  7.40  miles; 
another  from  Fairland  to  Martinsville,  Ind.,  38.30  miles;  and  a  third 
from  Greensburg  to  North  Vernon,  Ind.,  44.39  miles,  making  the  total 
lines  .operated  385.41  miles.  The  rolling  stock  consists  of  seventy- 
five  engines  and  3,173  cars  of  all  kinds.  The  general  offices  of  the 
road  are  at  Cincinnati.  The  local  ticket  office  is  at  121  Randolph 
Street,  and  the  local  freight  office  130  Washington  Street. 

The  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway,  better  known  as 
the  "Nickel  Plate,"  was  organized  as  a  competing  line  for  the  traffic 
formerly  controlled  by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Eailroad, 
with  which  it  runs  parallel  through  the  same  territory  a  few  miles  to 
the  south.  The  company  was  organized  April  13,  1881,  under  the 
laws  of  New  York,  and  began  work  in  the  same  year.  The  line  stretch- 
ing from  Chicago,  via  Ft.  Wayne,  along  the  shores  of  Lake  Erie  to 
Buffalo,  513.28  miles,  was  opened  for  business  Oct.  23,  1882.  The 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  55 

roadway  is  laid  with  steel  rails,  and  tlie  line  is  some  twenty-five  miles 
shorter  than  the  "Lake  Shore  Route."  Recently  control  of  the  line 
has  been  obtained  by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad 
Company  through  the  purchase  of  some  $26,530,000  of  its  stock,  and 
it  is  now  operated  in  conjunction  with  that  road,  and  uses  the  same 
depots  in  this  city. 

The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  &  Chicago  Railroad  forms  a  part  of  the 
great  Baltimore  &  Ohio  system,  the  picturesque  and  popular  through 
line  to  the  Atlantic  border.  It  was  chartered  March  13,  1872, 
as  the  Baltimore,  Pittsburg  &  Chicago  Railroad,  and  opened  for 
traffic  in  November,  1874.  The  line,  which  was  built  and  is  owned  by 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Company,  extends  from  Chicago  Junction,  Ohio, 
to  Parkside  Junction,  Illinois,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  262.60 
miles.  From  Parkside  Junction  it  enters  the  city  over  the  track  of 
the  road  last  named,  a  distance  of  eight  and  a  half  miles,  making  use 
of  a  temporary  passenger  station  at  the  foot  of  Monroe  Street,  adjoin- 
ing the  Exposition  building  on  the  north.  An  extension  of  the  line  is 
also  in  progress  to  Pittsburg.  The  present  title  was  adopted  in  1877. 
The  principal  offices  are  located  at  83  Clark  Street,  the  resident  officers 
of  the  road  being  A.  P.  Bigelow,  general  agent,  and  T.  H.  Dearborn, 
general  northwestern  passenger  agent.  The  general  officers  are  those 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Company.  The  chief  ticket  office  is  also  at 
83  Clark  Street.  The  freight  depots  are  at  the  foot  of  South  Water 
Street.  The  rolling  stock  of  the  road  is  that  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
system,  and  is  unsurpassed  in  point  of  excellence.  This  is  the  only 
through  line  east  from  Chicago  via  Washington  City. 

The  Belt  Railway  Company  was  chartered  Nov.  22,  1882.  May 
1,  1883,  under  lease  from  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railroad 
Company,  it  assumed  control  and  commenced  to  operate  what  is  now 
known  as  the  Belt  Railway  of  Chicago,  a  track  beginning  at  South 
Chicago  and  extending  west  about  eleven  miles,  thence  north  about 
eleven  miles  to  a  connection  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railway,  and  connecting  between  those  two  terminal  points  with  all 
railroads  entering  the  city.  This  road  does  a  general  transfer  or 
switching  business  between  the  various  railroads,  and  to  and  from  the 
industries  located  on  its  own  line.  It  is  situated  outside  the  city 
limits,  on  the  open  prairie.  It  is  equipped  Avith  nine  powerful  loco- 
motives, and  130  flat  cars.  The  total  length  of  the  line  is  22.20 
miles.  The  office  of  the  company  is  at  94  Washington  Street. 

The  Chicago  &  Western  Railroad  is  a  local  line  for  switching  pur- 


5G  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOS:  OF  CHICAGO. 

poses,  extending  from  Morgan  Street  to  Ada  Street,  Chicago,  1.44 
miles,  and  forming  a  connection  between  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  and  the  "  Pan  Handle  "  tracks,  with  a  number  of  coal  and  lum- 
ber yards,  elevators  and  warehouses.  The  road-bed  and  tracks  oper- 
ated were  acquired  by  lease,  Oct.  5,  1881,  for  99  years,  from  the  Chi- 
cago &  Eastern  Illinois  Eailroad  Company.  The  office  is  at  87  Dear- 
born Street. 

The  Chicago  &  Atlantic  Railroad  runs  across  the  northern  portion 
of  Indiana,  south  of  the  "  Ft.  Wayne  Route,"  269  miles  to  a  junction 
with  the  New  York,  Pennsylvania  &,  Ohio  Eailroad  at  Marion,  Ohio,  in 
connection  with  which  it  is  operated,  and  forms  an  additional  through 
line  to  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  company  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  consol- 
idation June  19,  1873,  of  the  Chicago  &  Atlantic  Eailroad  Com- 
pany, organized  as  the  Chicago,  Continental  &  Baltimore  Eailroad 
Company  Dec.  1,  1871,  and  the  Chicago  &  Atlantic  Extension  Rail- 
way Company,  formed  March  15,  1873.  Into  the  company  thus 
formed  was  also  merged,  July  15,  1873,  the  Baltimore,  Pittsbiirg  & 
Continental  Eailroad  Company,  which  had  been  organized  .Nov.  18, 
1871.  Track  laying  was  completed  in  1882,  and  the  road  was  form- 
ally opened  on  the  17th  of  June  of  the  following  year.  The  main 
line  of  the  road  extends  from  Marion,  257  miles,  to  a  junction  with 
the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Eailroad,  19.5  miles  from  the  city. 
The  latter  road  is  thence  used  into  the  city,  together  with  its  terminal 
facilities.  The  general  offices  of  the  company  are  at  the  corner  of 
Clark  and  Fourteenth  Streets. 

The  Chicago  &  Evanston  Railroad  Company  is  organized  under  a 
charter  granted  Feb.  16,  1861.  The  authorized  capital  stock  is 
$1,000,000,  of  which  $565,700  are  paid  in.  The  road  is  completed  to 
Calvary,  a  distance  of  about  nine  miles,  and  will  probably  be  in  opera- 
tion to  Evanston  very  early  in  1885.  The  piece  of  road  from  Wabansia 
Avenue  along  Hawthorn  Avenue  to  Larrabee  Street  is  owned  jointly 
with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Bailway  Company.  The  com- 
pany proposes  to  construct  a  track  from  Larrabee  Street  to  the  Union 
Depot  on  Canal  Street.  This  road  has  encountered  many  difficulties 
that  have  greatly  retarded  its  construction.  The  office  of  the  company 
is  at  No.  8  Ashland  Block. 

Lake  Michigan,  one  of  the  chain  of  great  inland  seas  which,  with 
their  connections,  form  a  grand  internal  and  international  waterway, 
was,  until  within  the  past  half  century,  practically  the  only  commercial 
highway  of  the  city,  and  still  continues,  despite  the  fierce  competition 


AfARQUlS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  57 

of  railroads,  one  of  the  groat  arteries  of  her  trade  and  an  important 
agent  in  her  prosperity.  Along  its  shore  came  first  the  light  canoes  of 
the  Indians,  to  barter  with  the  traders  at  the  primitive  post.  With 
increasing  traffic  grew  up  a  demand  for  heavier  boats,  which  was  met 
by  the  "Mackinaw"  barges  used  largely  in  the  fur  trade.  These  did 
not  wholly  disappear  from  the  lake  until  1830.  As  the  commerce  of 
the  city  widened,  the  lake  constituted  the  sole  avenue  to  the  east,  and 
over  its  bosom  and  through  the  straits  came  and  went  the  first  car- 
goes. Then,  as  the  natural  resources  of  the  country  were  developed 
and  cultivated,  it  brought  within  the  city's  reach  the  iron  and  copper 
and  timber  of  the  north,  and  the  products  of  its  bordering  fields,  and 
bound  her  in  close  connection  with  the  thriving  communities  on  its 
shores.  It  is  now  the  avenue  of  a  splendid  commerce,  extending  to 
Manitoba  in  the  far  northwest,  through  the  straits  to  the  busy  cities  on 
the  eastern  lakes  and  the  shores  of  the  picturesque  St.  Lawrence,  giving 
direct  communication  with  Milwaukee,  Erie,  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  Detroit 
and  other  important  points,  and  access  via  the  Erie  and  Welland  Canals 
to  the  Atlantic  seaboard  and  European  ports.  Over  the  lake  passes  a 
large  percentage  of  the  direct  imports  and  exports  of  the  city,  which 
amounted  in  1841  to  $1,848,362,  and  in  1883  to  $13,647,551, 
exclusive  of  duty.  The  lake  also  provides  a  cheap  route  to  the  coal 
fields  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  lumber  regions  of  the  north,  and  has 
made  Chicago  the  distributing  point  for  these  commodities  for  the 
great  northwest,  and  the  greatest  lumber  market  in  the  world. 

The  first  vessel  to  arrive  at  Chicago  was  the  schooner  "  Tracy,"  in 
1803,  bringing  soldiers  and  supplies  for  the  fort.  At  that  time,  and 
until  1833,  there  was  no  harbor,  and  a  bar  across  the  mouth  of  the 
river  prevented  access  to  it.  Vessels  were  anchored  off  shore,  and 
unloaded  or  loaded  by  lighters.  In  the  year  named,  after  long  and 
patient  effort,  Congress  was  induced  to  appropriate  $25,000,  and  the 
building  of  the  present  magnificent  harbor  was  begun,  access  being 
gained  to  the  river  in  the  following  spring.  Lighthouses  were  built 
bat  found  ineffective,  and  the  harbor  was  unprotected  until  1870, 
when  the  present  breakwater,  now  approaching  completion,  stretching 
across  the  inlet  and  enclosing  the  spacious  inner  harbor,  with  its  light- 
house, was  begun.  In  1835  some  212  vessels  arrived  in  port.  From 
1832  occasional  steamboats  touched  at  Chicago,  but  it  was  not  till 
1839  that  the  first  regular  line  was  established.  This  line  of  boats 
plied  between  the  city  and  Buffalo.  In  1856  the  first  clearance  for 
Europe  direct  was  made  by  the  steamer  "  Dean  Richmond,"  and  the 


58  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

first  direct  arrival  from  abroad  did  not  occur  till  the  following  year. 
The  total  arrivals  in  port  in  1883  were  11,967  vessels,  having  a  ton- 
nage of  3,812,464  tons,  and  the  total  clearances  were  12,015  vessels, 
with  a  tonnage  of  3,980,873  tons. 

The   Chicago  River  is  properly  an  internal  waterway  of  the  city, 
intimately  connected  with  the  lake  and  constituting  an  essential  part 
of  the  harbor.    Its  shores  are  continuous  lines  of  docks  bordered  by 
mammoth  warehouses,  elevators  and  yards  for  heavy  traffic  in  coal, 
lumber,  etc.,  and  giving  anchorage  to  the  multitude  of  vessels  ptying 
the  lake.     As  it  now  is,  the  river  is  more  a  creation  of  man  than  of 
nature.     The  original  bed  wa3  comparatively  shallow  and  narrow,  and 
near  its  mouth  turned  abruptly  southward,  entering  the  lake  by  a  tor- 
tuous channel,  over  a  bar  which  blocked  the  passage  of  vessels.     As 
early  as  1805  an  agent  of  the  government  suggested  the  cutting  away 
of  the  bar,  but  his  idea  only  contemplated  the  clearing  of  a  passage 
for  the  admission  of  the  Mackinaw  trading  crafts,  and  was  not  given 
attention.     The  first  vessel  to  enter  the  waters  of  the  river  was  the 
"•  Westward  Ho,"  which  was  hauled  over  the  bar  by  oxen  in  1833.     In 
March  of  the  same  year  work  was  begun  on  the  Government  piers,  and 
before  the  close  of  the  following  year  both  the    north   and   south 
piers  had  been  pushed  out  some  500  feet,   cutting  off  the  old  tor- 
tuous channel  to  the  south.    In  the  spring  of  1834  a  freshet  did 
the  work  of  dredging,  and  vessels  of  heavy  burden  entered  the  river 
for  the  first  time.     The  timbers  for  piers  were  first  rafted  from  the 
Calumet  Eiver,  and  the  stone  was  procured  some  three    miles    up 
the  South  Branch.     Later  the  timbers  were  brought  from  Wisconsin 
and  Michigan.     Up  to  1838  the  piers  were  annually  pushed  further 
into  the  lake,  but  the  continuous  formation  of  bars  at  the  mouth  of 
the  channel  by  the  lake  currents  destroyed  the  practical  benefits  of 
the  work,  and  in  this  year  the  course  of    the  piers  was   deflected 
twenty-five  and  a  half  degrees  to  the  south.     Work  continued  inter- 
mittently until  1857,  when  the  north  pier  extended  into   the  lake 
2,800  feet,  and  the  shore  line  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  had  pushed 
itself  out  several  hundred  yards.     The  channel  between  the  piers  was 
then  200  feet  wide,  and  had  been  dredged  to  a  depth  of  eight  to 
twelve  feet.    In  1854  it  was  determined  to  create  an  interior  basin, 
and  the  river  was  widened  for  the  purpose.     In  October  of  the  same 
year  a  ship  canal  was  dredged  through  the  bar.     The  wharfing  privi- 
leges, which  had  occasioned  much  dispute,  were  defined  in  1833,  and 
the  wharfs  were  sold  or  leased  in  perpetuity,  in  consideration  of  a 


60  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

payment  of  their  value  and  an  annual  rental  of  one  barleycorn.  It 
was  specified  in  all  cases  that  a  substantial  dock,  three  feet  high  and 
five  feet  wide,  should  be  built  and  maintained  in  perpetuity.  In  1 857 
only  six  miles  of  dock  had  been  built.  At  present  there  are  twelve 
miles  of  slips  and  basins,  and  twenty-nine  miles  of  river  front  mostly 
docked. 

The  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal  tapping  the  Chicago  Eiver  at 
Bridgeport,  four  miles  south  of  its  mouth,  extends  to  a  junction  with 
the  Illinois  River  at  LaSalle,  ninety-six  miles  distant,  whence,  by  the 
improvement  of  the  latter  river,  access  is  had  to  the  Mississippi. 

Wisconsin  Central  Line,  composed  of  the  Wisconsin  Central  E.  E, 
and  its  controlled  and  leased  roads,  forms  a  grand  through  line  from 
Chicago  to  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  from  Chicago  to 
Ashland,  Wis.;  also  from  Milwaukee  to  the  same  points,  there  being  no 
direct  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  connection.  On  completion  of  the  Wis- 
consin &  Minnesota  E.  E.  from  Schleisingerville  to  Chicago,  the  Wis- 
consin Central  E.  E.  between  Abbottsford  and  Neehan,  and  the  Mil- 
waukee &  Lake  Winnebago  E.  E.  became  parts  of  the  through  line, 
which  was  opened  July  26,  1886.  The  total  length  of  line  operated 
is  600.62  miles,  as  follows:  Chicago  to  Schleisingerville,  122  miles; 
Wisconsin  &  Minnesota  E.  E.,  55  miles;  Minnesota,  St.  Croix  &  Wis- 
consin E.  E.,  98  miles;  Stevens  Point,  Wis.  to  Menasba,  Wis.,  64.70 
miles;  Portage  City  branch — Stevens  Point  to  Portage  City,  71.70 
miles;  Ashland  branch — Stevens  Point  to  Ashland,  188.47  miles;  Eib 
Lake  branch — Chelsea,  Wis.,  to  Eib  Lake,  Wis.,  5.60  miles,  and  the  fol- 
lowing leased  branches  and  spurs:  Milwsukee  and  Lake  Winnebago 
E.  E.,  87.30  miles;  the  Packawaukee  &  Montello  E.  E.,  7.75  miles. 

It  has  joint  track  facilities  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Eailway,  at  Milwaukee,  and  runs  its  own  freight  and  passenger  trains 
solid  in  and  out  of  that  city,  connecting  at  Engby  Junction  (27. 5  miles) 
with  the  main  line.  The  general  offices  of  the  road  are  in  Milwaukee. 
The  local  ticket  office,  H.  C.  Fuller,  agent,  is  at  205  S.  Clark  Street, 
and  the  passenger  and  freight  depots  are  on  the  corner  of  Polk  Street 
and  Fifth  Avenue. 


THE  CITY,   COUNTY  AND  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT   BUILD- 
INGS AND  THE  POSTOFFICE. 

/"CHICAGO  is  very  little,  if  at  all,  behind  contemporary  cities  in  the 
^— '  number,  character,  architecture,  and  general  details  of  her  public 
buildings,  and  in  some  of  these  particulars  the  public  buildings  sur- 
pass those  of  any  other  municipality  in  the  country. 

The  County  Court  House  and  City  Hall  may  well  stand  for  an 
example ;  notwithstanding  the  fact  that,  through  economy  or  lack  of 
taste,  the  original  design  was  changed  by  leaving  off  the  domes  and 
other  upper  structures  that  would  have  greatly  added  to  the  appear- 
ance of  the  building.  It  is  a  dual  structure,  occupying  the  square 
bounded  by  Clark,  LaSalle,  Washington  and  Randolph  Streets,  giving 
it  a  frontage  of  340  feet  on  the  east  and  west  sides,  and  280  feet  on 
the  north  and  south.  It  is  located  in  the  business  center  of  the  city, 
and  is  by  far  the  most  massive  and  elaborate  public  building  in  Chi- 
cago. The  st}Tle  of  architecture  is  the  modern  French  renaissance. 
Above  the  sub-building  is  a  colonnaded  double  story  with  Corin- 
thian columns  thirty-five  feet  in  height,  which  gives  to  the  entire 
structure  a  lofty,  yet  solid  and  imposing  appearance.  These  immense 
columns  of  polished  Maine  granite  support  an  entablature  at  once 
mathematical  and  elegant  in  proportions,  and  divided  into  archi- 
trave, frieze  and  cornice.  An  attic  story  enriched  by  the  sculptor's 
chisel  with  allegorical  groups  representing  Agricultiire,  Commerce, 
Peace  and  Plenty,  Mechanical  Art  and  Science  Art,  surmounts  the 
entablature  and  completes  the  grandeur  of  the  noble  outlines.  The 
materials  are  principally  upper  Silurian  limestone,  from  the  quarries 
along  the  Desplaines  River  in  this  state.  The  columns,  pilasters  and 
pedestals  are  of  Maine  granite.  The  building  is  fire-proof  through- 
out, and  the  total  cost  is  nearly  $6,000,000.  The  work  of  construc- 
tion was  begun  in  1877,  and  the  cotirt-house  division,  which  fronts 
on  Clark  Street,  was  completed  and  occupied  by  the  county  officials 
in  1882.  The  apartments  assigned  to  the  County,  Probate,  Superior, 
and  Circuit  Courts  are  capacious  and  convenient,  amply  provided  with 


62  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

private  rooms  for  judges,  jurors,  offices  of  the  court  attaches,  and 
huge  fire  and  burglar-proof  vaults  for  the  preservation  of  judiciary 
records,  while  each  suite  is  fitted  up  in  a  style  plain  but  very  rich, 
which  is  at  once  appropriate  to  the  character  of  the  edifice  and  com- 
mendable to  good  taste.  The  Sheriff,  Coroner,  and  Recorder  of  Deeds 
occupy  the  extensive  basement,  and  the  County  Clerk,  Board  of  Com- 
missioners, and  Board  of  Education,  together  with  a  host  of  other 
officials,  find  conveniently  arranged  quarters  within  its  spacious  walls. 

The  City  Hall  division,  fronting  on  LaSalle  Street,  is  similar  in  its 
architectural  features  to  the  county  portion  of  the  building,  and  was 
intended  to  be  its  complement,  except  for  such  variations  in  ornamen- 
tation as  were  required  to  avoid  monotony  and  introduce  a  distinctive 
element  into  its  appearance.  The  interior  is  finished  in  white  oak. 
The  police  and  fire  departments  and  the  City  Electrician  are  located  in 
the  spacious  basement  story ;  the  water,  building  and  special  assess- 
ment departments,  and  the  offices  of  the  Mayor,  Comptroller,  and 
City  Treasurer,  in  the  first  story ;  the  numerous  offices  of  the  depart- 
ment of  public  works  occupy  the  second  story ;  and  tli3  law,  health 
and  educational  departments,  the  city  council  and  working  committees 
and  the  numerous  other  offices  of  the  city  government,  are  all  allotted 
ample  and  convenient  quarters.  A  large  portion  of  the  interior  of  the 
upper  stories  is  still  unfinished.  The  settling  of  the  foundations  from 
the  immense  weight  has  catised  the  cracking  of  some  stones  in  both 
the  city  and  county  buildings,  but  as  yet  has  not  injuriously  affected 
either  the  durability  or  safety  of  the  structures. 

This  is  the  second  joint  structure  biiilt  by  the  county  and  city  for 
administrative  use,  and  the  third  city  hall  erected  by  the  municipal 
authorities.  When  Chicago  became  a  chartered  city  the  "  Fathers " 
leased  a  hall  in  the  old  "Saloon  Building"  (shown  in  illustration  on. 
page  18),  said  to  have  been  the  finest  public  hall  west  of  Buffalo  at 
the  time.  It  was  located  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Lake  and  Clark 
Streets,  and  was  a  square  three -story  frame,  having  its  first  floor 
devoted  to  store  purposes,  the  second  to  offices,  and  the  third  floor 
occupied  by  a  public  hall.  In  1842  a  building  at  the  corner  of  LaSalle 
and  Randolph  Streets  was  secured  and  occupied  until  the  first  munici- 
pal structure  erected  in  Chicago  was  completed.  This  was  called  the 
Market  Building,  and  was  situated  in  the  center  of  State  Street,  front- 
ing forty  feet  on  Randolph,  and  extended  north  toward  Lake  Street  180 
feet.  It  was  a  plain  two-story  stone  and  brick  structure.  The  first 
story  was  divided  into  thirty-two  stalls  and  leased  for  market  purposes. 


64 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


The  upper  story  contained  four  rooms  used  for  city  purposes.  It  cost 
$11,000,  and  was  first  occupied  Nov.  13,  1848.  In  June,  1851,  the 
county  and  city  decided  to  erect  a  joint  building  on  the  public  square, 
and  Sept.  11,  1851,  the  corner-stone  was  laid  with  appropriate  cere- 
monies. As  at  first  constructed,  it  had  two  stories  and  basement.  The 
main  part  was  100  feet  square,  and  had  four  narrow  wings  projecting 


THE  SECOND  COURT-HOUSE  IN  CHICAGO — BURNED  BY  THE  GREAT  FIRE. 

from  the  sides.  It  was  first  occupied  Feb.  7,  1853.  A  third  story  and 
two  wings  were  afterward  added.  The  grounds  contained  graveled 
walks,  grass  plats,  trees,  shrubbery,  etc.  The  building  was  destroyed 
by  the  great  fire  in  1871.  The  east  wing,  however,  was  left  in  such  a 
condition  as  to  be  again  made  habitable  and,  in  part,  served  the  wants 
of  the  city  officials  until  the  erection  of  the  present  edifice  on  the  same 
site  necessitated  its  demolition.  The  city  administration  then  fell  into 
its  old  itinerant  habits,  and  drifted  about  until  it  found  lodgings  in  the 
"  old  tank,"  or  "  rookery,"  as  the  make-shift  for  a  city  hall  is  familiarly 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  65 

styled,  on  the  corner  of  LaSalle  and  Adams  Streets.  This  homely- 
looking  structure,  which  has  a  history  of  its  own,  was  in  its  original 
state  a  huge  iron,  water  tank,  or  reservoir,  belonging  to  the  old  water 
works  service  on  the  South  Side,  prior  to  the  great  fire.  The  munici- 
pal government  seized  upon  it  and  made  it  the  nucleus  of  a  temporary 
abiding  place.  Surrounding  it  with  a  hastily  erected  squatty  two-story 
brick  building,  and  transforming  the  tank  itself  into  safety  vaults,  it 
was  dignified  by  the  appellation  of  "  City  Hall." 

The  Criminal  Court  and  County  Jail  Buildings  consist  of  three 
buildings  grouped  together.  They  occupy  about  two-thirds  of  the 
square  between  Michigan,  Illinois  and  Clark  Streets  and  Dearborn 
Avenue,  an  alley  forming  the  west  boundary  line.  The  Criminal  Court 
building  has  a  frontage  of  140  feet  on  Michigan  Street,  and  sixty-five 
feet  on  Dearborn  Avenue.  It  is  constructed  of  limestone.  The  main 
entrance  on  Michigan  Street  is  through  a  broad  portico  with  massive 
fluted  columns.  A  wide  entrance  from  Dearborn  Avenue,  through  a 
hallway,  leads  also  to  the  center,  or  court,  into  which  the  main 
entrance  opens,  and  from  which  stairways  ascend  to  the  court  rooms 
above.  The  Criminal  Court  of  Cook  County  occupies  the  entire  upper 
portion  of  the  building.  The  sessions  of  the  court  commence  the  first 
Monday  in  each  month,  and  are  presided  over  by  the  Judges  of  the 
Circuit  and  Siiperior  Courts  of  Cook  County  in  alternation.  Adjoining 
on  the  north  is  a  two  story  and  basement  building  which  fronts 
directly  upon  Dearborn  Avenue,  giving  an  "L"  shape  to  the  eastern 
exposure  of  the  court  building.  This  is  occupied  in  part  by  the  north 
town  officials,  the  county  utilizing  the  remainder.  This  building, 
which  is  of  brick  with  stone  trimmings,  extends  137  feet  on  Dearborn 
Avenue  to  the  corner  of  Illinois  Street,  on  which  it  fronts  forty-three 
feet.  It  is  entered  from  both  thoroughfares  by  plain  iron  balcony 
stairs  rising  from  the  sidewalk  to  the  main  floor.  In  the  space  or  yard 
formed  by  the  rear  of  these  two  structures  with  Illinois  Street  on  the 
north  and  the  alley  on  the  east,  the  county  jail  is  located— the  frontage 
on  Illinois  Street  being  141  feet.  It  is  in  no  wise  connected  with  the 
other  buildings  except  by  a  narrow  bridge,  enclosed  with  heavy  corru- 
gated sheet  iron,  which  leads  direct  to  the  "  criminal  box"  in  the  court 
room.  It  contains  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  cells  in  the  male«wards, 
forty-eight  in  the  female  and  fourteen  in  the  juvenile  wards.  It  is  a 
plain,  substantial  structure  of  brick  and  iron,  and  is  in  marked  contrast 
with  the  architecture  of  the  court  building.  This  group  of  buildings 
was  erected  in  1873  by  the  county  at  a  cost  of  $375,000. 
5 


66 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


The  United  States  Government  Building  (Postoffice  and  Custom 
House),  completed  in  1880  at  a  cost,  including  grounds  and  surround- 
ing street  improvements,  of  $6,000,000,  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
government  edifices  in  the  country.  Its  base  dimensions  are  342  by 
210  feet,  which  leaves  spacious  elevated  lawns,  surrounded  by  heavy 
coping.  It  occupies  the  square  bounded  by  Dearborn,  Clark,  Adams 
and  Jackson  Streets,  and  is  three  stories  in  height,  with  base- 


Li.  S.  GOVERNMENT  BUILDING  -  POSTOFFICE  AND  CUSTOM-HOUSE. 

ment  and  attic.  The  style  of  architecture  is  known  as  the  Roman- 
esque, with  Venetian  treatment.  It  is  almost  entirely  of  iron  and 
stone,  and  is  fire-proof  throughout.  The  basement  and  first  floor  are 
occupied  exclusively  by  the  Postoffice  Department.  In  the  basement, 
reached  by  an  inclined  driveway  on  the  west  side,  extending  from 
Adams  Street  through  to  Jackson,  all  mail  matter  is  received 
and  dispatched.  The  first  floor  is  devoted  to  the  general  delivery, 
carriers,  money  order,  registry  and  stamp  divisions,  and  executive 
purposes.  The  interior  of  the  building  above  the  basement  forms  a 
court,  83  by  198  feet.  This  court  is  covered  by  an  immense  sk  -light 
at  the  second  story,  being  an  open  court  above.  The  second  floor  ia 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


67 


COLLECTOR'S    OFFICE— U.  S.  CUSTOMS. 


used  by  the  Collector  of  Customs,  Internal  Revenue  Collector,  Sub- 
Treasurer,  Commissioner  of  Pensions  and  special  mail  agents.  The 
third  floor  is  occupied  by  the  various  United  States  Courts  and  offices 
connected  with  the  Interior  and  Law  De- 
partments. The  interior  of  the  building  is 
exceedingly  rich  in  finish.  The  floors  are 
all  in  tiling  of  black  and  white  marble. 
The  grand  staircases  in  the  north  and  south 
halls  are  especially  notable,  being  of  solid 
iron,  artistic  in  design,  and  painted  to  rep- 
resent wood,  with  steps  laid  in  small  parti- 
colored tiles.  The  building  is  furnished 
with  four  elevators  and  every  improved 
convenience  of  the  age,  and  is  heated 
throughout  by  steam  from  engines  in  the 
basement,  the  temperature  being  regu- 
lated to  60°  the  year  round.  The  approaches  are  from  each  of  the  four 
streets ;  they  are  exceedingly  spacious,  and  are  made  uniform  with  the 
broad  sidewalk  surrounding  the  square,  which  is  covered  to  the  curb 
with  massive  stone  flagging.  Each  of  the  four  streets  forming  the 
square  were  also  paved  to  the  center  by  the  government.  The  promi- 
nence of  the  building  is  made  more  im- 
posing by  the  appearance  of  isolation  given 
it  by  its  surroundings,  which  throw  it  out 
in  bold  relief.  Large  as  the  building 
is,  the  postoffice  department  is  already 
crowded,  such  has  been  the  growth  of  the 
business  since  it  was  occupied.  Eight 
branch  offices,  located  in  different  parts  of 
the  city,  each  with  its  corps  of  clerks  and 
carriers,  help  to  relieve  the  pressure  ;  but 
by  far  the  largest  portion  of  the  work  is 
done  from  the  main  office,  among  the  large 
business  houses  situated  within  its  imme- 
diate delivery  district.  The  total  number  of  carriers  employed  is 
317  ;  number  of  clerks.  480 ;  total  number  of  pieces  delivered  in  1883, 
78,754,271  ;  total  receipts  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  $1,- 
892,241.  The  amount  of  dvities  collected  in  the  customs  department  in 
1883  was  $4,075,166.85,  on  merchandise  valued  at  $10,453,701. 
The  internal  revenue  collections  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 


U.  S.  SUB-TREASURY  OFFICE. 


68  MARQUIS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

1883,  were  $9,118,191.  On  the  lawn  plat  formed  by  Clark  and 
Adams  Streets,  and  facing  their  intersection,  stands  a  monument  seven 
feet  in  height,  bearing  this  inscription  : 


TO   THE    MEMORY 
»  OF 

GEORGE  BUCHANAN  ARMSTRONG 

FOUNDER   OF   THE 

RAILWAY  MAIL  SERVICE 

UNITED  STATES; 
BORN  IN  ARMAGH,  IRELAND, 

OCTOBER   27,    A.  D.    1822. 

DIED  IN  CHICAGO 

MAY  5,  A.   D.   1871. 

ERECTED  BY  THE  CLERKS 

IN  THE  SERVICE 

1881 


A  life  size  bust  of  Mr.  Armstrong  surmounts  the  pedestal  of  polished 
dark  marble  which  rests  on  a  base  about  three  feet  square. 

The  Other  Public  Buildings,  including  hospitals,  asylums,  infirm- 
aries, police  stations,  engine  houses,  and  school-houses,  have  been 
noted  in  appropriate  chapters. 


THE  VARIOUS  DEPARTMENTS  OF  THE  CITY  GOVERNMENT,  THE 
MAYORS,  AND  THE  WATER  SYSTEM. 

''T^HE  City  Government  is  reasonably  well  organized  in  both  its  legis- 
-*•  lative  and  executive  branches.  Police,  fire,  health,  law,  finance, 
education  and  other  objects  of  municipal  attention,  are  allotted  to 
proper  control,  and  then  almost  everything  else  is  thrown  into  a  sort 
of  omnium  gatherum,  entitled  the  Department  of  Public  Works. 

The  Legislative  Power  is  vested  in  the  Mayor  and  Board  of  Alder- 
men, commonly  called  the  City  Council.  The  Mayor's  term  of  office  is 
two  years.  The  board  has  thirty- six  members — two  from  each  of 
the  eighteen  wards,  elected  in  alternate  years  for  a  term  of  two  years 
each.  The  Mayor  presides  over  the  deliberations  of  the  body,  or,  if  he 
be  absent,  a  member  from  the  quorum  present  is  called  to  the  chair. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  mayors  and  the  dates  of 
their  election  : 

William  B.  Ogden,  . 
Buckner  S.  Morris, 
B.  W.  Raymond, 
Alexander  Lloyd, 
Francis  C.  Sherman,' 
Benj.  W.  Raymond, 
Augustus  Garrett,    . 
A.  S.  Sherman, 
Augustus  Garrett, 
John  P.  Chapin,     . 
James  Curtiss,  . 
James  H.  Woodworth, 
James  H.  Woodworth, 
James  Curtiss, 
Walter  S.  Gurnee,     . 
Walter  S.  Gurnee, 
Charles  M.  Gray, 
Isaac  L.  Milliken, 
Levi  D.  Boone, 


May 

2, 

1837 

Thomas  Dyer,  . 

.    Mar.  10, 

1856 

Mar. 

6, 

1838 

John  Wentworth, 

Mar.    3, 

1857 

Mar. 

5, 

1839 

John  C.  Haines,       . 

.    Mar.    2, 

1858 

Mar. 

3, 

1840 

John  C.  Haines,    . 

Mar.    1, 

1859 

Mar. 

5, 

1841 

John  Wentworth,     . 

.    Mar.    6, 

1860 

Mar. 

7, 

1842 

Julian  S.  Rumsey, 

Apr.  16, 

1861 

Mar. 

7, 

1843 

Francis  C.  Sherman, 

.    Apr.  15, 

1862 

Mar. 

7, 

1844 

Francis  C.  Sherman, 

Apr.  21, 

1863 

Mar. 

5, 

1845 

John  B.  Rice,    . 

.    Apr.  18, 

1865 

Mar. 

3, 

1846 

John  B.  Rice, 

Apr.  16, 

1867 

Mar. 

2, 

1847 

Roswell  B.  Mason,   . 

.    Nov.    2, 

1869 

Mar. 

7, 

1848 

Joseph  Medill, 

Nov.    7, 

1871 

Mar. 

6, 

1849 

Harvey  D.  Colvin,    . 

.    Nov.    4, 

1873 

Mar. 

5, 

1850 

Monroe  Heath, 

July  12, 

1876 

Mar. 

4, 

1851 

Monroe  Heath,  . 

.    Apr.    3, 

1877 

Mar. 

2, 

1852 

Carter  H.  Harrison, 

Apr.    1, 

1879 

Mar. 

14, 

1853 

Carter  H.  Harrison, 

.    Apr.    5, 

1881 

Mar. 

13, 

1854 

Carter  H.  Harrison, 

Apr.    3, 

1883 

Mar. 

8, 

1855 

In  1863  the  term  of  office  of  mayor  was  extended  from  one  to  two 


70  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

years.  In  1869  the  time  of  holding  the  city  election  was  changed 
from  April  to  November,  and  the  persons  then  in  office  were  continued 
until  the  first  Monday  in  December.  The  city  was  reorganized  under 
the  general  incorporation  act  in  April,  1875,  and  consequently  no 
election  was  held  in  November  of  that  year,  but  the  persons  in  office 
held  over  until  July,  1876.  In  that  year  the  City  Council  provided 
for  an  election  for  city  officers  under  the  new  incorporation,  but 
omitted  all  reference  to  the  office  of  mayor.  Nevertheless,  a  popular 
vote  was  taken  for  mayor  at  the  election,  and  Thomas  Hoyne  received 
33,064.  The  canvass  of  the  returns  being  made,  the  Council  disre- 
garded the  vote  for  mayor,  but  the  new  Council  canvassed  the  returns 
and  declared  Mr.  Hoyne  elected.  Mr.  Colvin,  the  incumbent,  declined 
to  yield  possession,  and  the  matter  was  taken  to  the  courts,  where  the 
case  was  decided  against  both  contestants.  A  special  election  was 
then  ordered  by  Council  and  held  July  12,  1876,  resulting  in  the 
election  of  Mr.  Heath  to  serve  till  after  the  next  regular  election. 

Measures  can  be  passed  over  the  mayor's  veto  only  by  an  affirmative 
vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  board.  The  regular  meetings  are  held  every 
Monday  evening.  The  other  city  offices  filled  by  general  election  are  : 
Clerk,  Treasurer,  and  City  Attorney.  The  heads  of  all  the  other  depart- 
ments, and  the  occupants  of  minor  positions  in  the  municipal  service, 
are  appointed  by  the  mayor,  with  the  approval  of  the  council. 

The  Law  Department  consists  of  a  Corporation  Counsel,  City  Attor- 
ney and  Prosecuting  Attorney. 

The  Department  of  Finance  is  under  the  City  Comptroller,  City 
Treasurer,  and  City  Collector. 

The  Building  Department  is  supervised  by  the  Commissioner  of 
Buildings,  assisted  by  a  secretary  and  six  inspectors.  The  building 
laws  require  plans  and  specifications  of  all  structures  to  be  filed  in  this 
department,  and  a  permit  issued  by  it,  before  the  work  of  erection  shall 
begin.  All  fire  escapes  and  elevators  are  also  subject  to  inspection  and 
control  by  this  department. 

The  Department  of  Public  Works,  the  most  ponderous  bureau 
of  the  corporation  government,  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  commis- 
sioner, who  is  supported  by  a  City  Engineer.  The  heads  of  the  sub-de- 
partments are  Superintendent  of  Sewerage  ;  Superintendent  of  Streets, 
with  a  corps  of  street  engineers;  Superintendent  of  Maps,  and  Superin- 
tendent of  Water  Collections,  each  being  provided  with  the  number  of 
assistants  requisite  to  the  proper  direction  of  the  host  of  minor  employes. 
The  labors  of  the  department  of  public  works  are  many  and  difficult. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


71 


The  City's  Water  System  affords  notable  evidence  of  the  high 
order  of  ability  and  engineering  skill  engaged  in  it.  The  peculiar  and 
stupenduous  mechanism  of  the  system  by  which  Chicago  obtains  her 
abundant  supply 
of  water,  was  first 
conceived  by  El- 
lis S.Chesbrough, 
then  city  engi- 
neer,inl8G3,and 
under  his  person- 
al supervision  the 
entire  work  of 
construction  Avas 
executed,  and  the 
system  put  in  op- 
eration. His  plan 
to  obtain  pure 
water  through  a 
tunnel  extended 
two  miles  under 
the  bed  of  the 
lake  was  then  gen- 
erally regarded 
as  a  visionary 
scheme,  that 
would  entail  end- 
less expense  with- 
out benefiting 
the  city.  The 
contractors  for 
constructing  the 
great  tunnel  and 
crib  were  Messrs. 
Dull  &  Gowan,  of 
Harrisburg,  Pa., 
and  the  contract  NORTH  SIDE  WATER  WORKS  TOWER. 

price  was  $315,139.  Work  on  the  tunnel  began  March  17, 1864,  and  the 
last  brick  was  laid  Dec.  6, 1866,  rapid  progress  having  been  made  from 
the  lake  end  to  a  junction  with  the  shore  end  from  the  time  the  "  crib  " 
was  finished  and  placed  in  position.  The  crib,  which  was  built  on  shore 


72  '  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

and  launched  like  a  sea- vessel,  is  sixty  feet  high  and  constructed  in 
pentagonal  form  within  a  circumscribed  circle  of  ninety-eight  and  one- 
hall  feet  diameter.  It  has  three  walls — the  outer,  the  center  and  the 
inner — which  are  firmly  braced  and  bolted  together,  forming  one  great 
structure.  Each  wall  was  calked  and  tarred  like  the  hulk  of  a  vessel, 
before  the  three  were  joined  together.  White-oak  timbers  twelve 
inches  square  were  used  for  the  upper  twelve  feet,  and  white  pine  of 
the  same  dimensions  for  the '  remaining  forty-eight  feet.  These  tim- 
bers are  bolted  together  with  square  rods  of  iron.  The  bottom  is  com- 
posed of  three  layers  of  twelve-inch  timbers  bolted  together  in  an 
equally  firm  manner.  The  crib  contains  fifteen  water-tight  compart- 
ments, the  "well,"  through  which  a  hollow  iron  shaft  nine  feet  in 
diameter  goes  down  thirty-one  feet  below  the  bottom  of  the  lake,  being 
in  the  center.  It  was  towed  to  its  proper  position  in  the  lake,  and 
there  sunk  and  weighted  in  its  place  with  heavy  stones.  The  tunnel, 
which  is  five  feet  in  diameter  and  two  miles  long,  is  sixty-six  feet  below 
the  surface  level  of  the  lake  at  the  crib.  It  taps  the  shaft  in  the  well 
at  a  point  which  gives  the  water  a  "head"  of  eighteen  feet,  with  a 
velocity  of  four  and  two-tenths  miles  per  hour,  and  will  deliver 
57,000,000  gallons  daily  into  the  great  well  under  the  water-works 
building.  From  this  well  immense  engines  lift  the  water  into  the 
stand-pipe,  or  "  water  tower,"  175  feet  high,  whence  by  its  own  weight 
it  is  distributed  throughout  the  city.  There  are  four  engines  at  these 
works  which  have,  combined,  3,000  horse-power.  The  largest  one — of 
1,200  horse-power,  with  fly-wheel  twenty-six  feet  in  diameter — has  a 
capacity  for  pumping  2,750  gallons  of  water  at  each  stroke.  It  cost 
$200,000.  These  are  the  main  works  of  the  system,  though  generally 
termed  "North  Side  "Water  Works,"  and  are  situated  at  the  foot  of 
Chicago  Avenue.  The  first  works  erected  were  totally  destroyed  by 
the  fire  of  1871,  but  they  were  speedily  replaced  by  the  present 
enlarged  constructions.  A  second  and  similar  tunnel  was  constructed 
from  the  crib  to  the  new  pumping  works  established  on  the  West  Side 
at  the  corner  of  Ashland  and  Blue  Island  Avenues.  This  tunnel  runs 
in  a  southwesterly  direction  under  the  city,  passing  twice  under  the 
bed  of  the  liver,  and  is  six  miles  in  length.  The  system,  as  a  whole,  is 
conceded  to  be  one  of  the  grandest  triumphs  of  modern  engineering, 
and  is  capable  of  furnishing  the  city  with  104.000,000  gallons  of  water 
daily,  through  over  500  miles  of  main  and  distributing  pipes.  It  sup- 
plies the  fire  department  with  an  abtmdance  of  water  through  4,144 
fire  hydrants.  It  has  been  perfected  at  an  expense  of  about  $10,000,- 


MARQUIS*  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO.   "  73 

000.  The  crib  is  in  charge  of  a  keeper,  who,  with  his  family,  resides 
in  a  comfortable  cottage  erected  on  it.  It  is  connected  with  the  City 
Hall  by  telephone,  and  is  a  notable  stopping  place  for  excursion  boats 
in  the  summer  season.  The  North  Side  works  are  also  a  favorite  resort 
for  thousands,  being  at  the  north  terminus  of  Pine  Street  where  ter- 
minates, for  the  present,  the  Lake  Shore  drive  which  passes  through 
the  handsome  grounds  of  the  works. 

The  Police  Department  is  under  the  control  of  a  General  Superin- 
tendent, appointed  by  the  Mayor  and  subject  to  removal  at  any  time. 
The  city  is  divided  into  five  police  precincts,  which  are  subdivided 
into  sixteen  districts — the  first  precinct  containing  four  districts  and 
the  remaining  four  precincts  three  districts  each.  General  headquar- 
ters are  at  the  central  station,  located  in  the  City  Hall.  The  detail  for 
each  precinct  is  under  a  captain,  and  each  station  is  in  charge  of  a  lieu- 
tenant with  one  patrol  sergeant  and  two  desk  sergeants  or  station 
keepers.  The  central  detail,  located  at  central  station,  is  distinct  from 
the  precinct  commands,  and  is  under  a  captain  with  sub-officers  of  like 
rank  as  the  district  officers.  The  secretary  is  also  the  inspector  of  the 
department.  Jan.  1,  1884,  the  total  number  of  men  constituting  the 
police  force,  including  officers,  was  637.  Of  this  number  forty-seven 
are  officers,  fifty-three  occupy  subaltern  positions,  twenty-two  are  in 
the  detective  service,  eighty-four  in  the  signal  service,  forty-eight  on 
special  detail,  seventy-one  on  permanent  post  duty  and  307  are  patrol- 
men— eighty  on  day  duty  and  227  on  the  night  force.  The  remaining 
five  are  classed  as  disabled.  The  "  central  detail "  was  recently 
increased  by  forty  picked  men  from  the  different  precincts,  and  now 
numbers  100  experienced  policemen.  This  branch  is  imperatively 
demanded  in  order  to  protect  life  and  limb  and  regulate  teams  in  the 
crowded  thoroughfares  of  the  city's  business  center.  The  men  are  on 
permanent  post  duty  at  street  crossings,  bridges,  tunnels,  markets, 
railroad  depots  and  public  buildings,  a  few  being  detailed  to  travel  the 
commercial  heart  of  the  city  and  enforce  the  ordinances  relative  to 
street  and  sidewalk  obstructions.  They  are  distinguished  from  other 
branches  of  the  department  by  the  device  on  their  helmets,  consisting 
of  a  wreath  encircling  the  initials  "  C.  D  ;"  by  the  absence  of  club  and 
belt,  or  even  cane,  and  by  their  white-gloved  hands  and  polite  atten- 
tion to  pedestrians — ladies  especially.  The  uniform  of  the  entire  force 
is  of  dark  navy  blue  cloth  frock  coat,  buttoned  from  waist  to  collar, 
vest  and  pants  of  the  same,  black  belt,  and  helmet  (or  hat)  bearing  the 
patrolman's  number  or  designated  rank  of  an  officer.  The  ratio  of  the 


74 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


entire  force  to  the  population  is  one  policeman  to  each.  1,050  inhabi- 
tants, or  one  night  patrolman  for  each  3,000  and  one  day  patrolman 
for  each  9,000  of  the  whole  population.  The  average  area  assigned  to 
each  night  patrolman  is  eighty  acres,  and  there  is  one  day  patrolman 
for  every  240  acres ;  the  average  number  of  buildings  to  be  guarded 
by  one  night  patrolman  is  350  ;  by  each  day  patrolman,  1,050.  This 
lack  of  numerical  strength,  however,  is  more  than  counterbalanced  by 
the  efficiency  of  the  police  telephone  and  signal  system.  This  valua- 
ble acquisition  is  strictly  a  Chicago  invention,  having  been  suggested 
by  A.  J.  Doyle,  chief  of  the  police  department,  and  devised  by  the  city 

electrician,  Prof.  John  P.  Barrett,  and 
first  introduced  in  the  department 
in  the  fall  of  1880.  The  results  of 
the  first  experi- 
ment in  the  West 
Twelfth  Street  dis- 
trict were  so  satis- 
factory that  the  sys- 
tem was  adopted, 
and  is  now  in  gen- 
eral use  through- 
out the  depart- 
ment. The  various 
districts  are  all 
connected  by  an 
electric  current 
with  the  general 
headquarters,  and 

from  375  patrol  or  street  boxes,  placed  at  the  most  promi- 
nent street  corners,  there  is  a  current  going  into  the  station  of 
the  district  in  which  each  box  is  located.  These  street  boxes  are 
octagon-shaped,  with  a  gas-light  on  top,  thus  taking  the  places  of  ordi- 
nary iron  street  lamp-posts.  The  interior  contains  the  electric  alarm 
box,  which  in  turn  contains  the  chief  principle  of  the  system — the  sig- 
nal box,  and  also  the  telephone.  The  signal  box  is  provided  with  a 
dial,  similar  to  that  of  a  clock,  with  eleven  spaces  marked  "fire," 
"  murder,"  "  thieves,"  etc.  When  the  pointer  is  placed  on  a  space  and 
the  signal  current  turned  on,  the  station,  through  a  companion  device, 
is  at  once  apprised  of  the  nature  of  the  case,  and  the  "patrol  wagon" 
responds  fully  prepared  for  the  work  on  hand.  The  patrol  wagon  is  a 


THE  POLICE  PATROL. 


MARQUIS'    HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  75 

police  wagon  and  ambulance  combined ;  a  hospital  stretcher,  hand- 
cuffs, lantern,  blankets,  medicine-chest,  and  coil  of  rope  for  use  at  fires, 
being  constantly  carried.  Patrolmen  are  required  to  communicate  with 
their  station  by  means  of  the  telephone  in  the  box,  at  stated  periods. 
The  same  description  of  signal  box  is  placed  in  private  residences, 
banks,  business  houses,  hotels,  etc.,  and  connected  with  the  nearest 
station  on  the  same  circuit  as  the  street  patrol  box.  The  total  valuation 
of  the  property  belonging  to  the  police  department  is  $353,419.09. 
The  total  expenditures  of  the  department  during  the  year  1884  were 
$703,579.66.  Police  courts  are  established  in  each  police  precinct 
except  the  fourth,  which  was  very  recently  created  out  of  the  third  and 
the  old  fourth — now  the  fifth — precincts.  The  court  rooms  are  located 
at  the  principal  district  station  house  in  each  precinct,  and  a  session  is 
held  every  morning.  The  four  police  magistrates  are  appointed  by  the 
Mayor  of  the  city,  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  City  Council. 

The  Fire  Department,  as  first  organized  in  Chicago,  was  a  "leather 
bucket  corps."  In  the  Historical  Society's  rooms  can  be  seen  the  only 
one  of  the  buckets  now  in  existence.  The  owner's  initials,  "  C.  S." — 
Clement  Stose — are  still  upon  it.  That  beginning  was  in  1835.  The 
present  superbly  appointed  department  is  the  growth  of  the  paid 
service  first  organized  in  1858.  The  Chief  Engineer  of  the  depart- 
ment then,  is  the  efficient  Fire  Marshal  now — Dennis  J.  Swenie — who 
for  thirty-five  years  has  been  a  competent  member  of  the  city's  fire 
force.  The  "Long  John,"  named  after  Hon.  John  Wentworth,  was 
the  first  steamer  placed  in  commission,  and  dates  her  entrance  into 
the  service  Dec.  25,  1858.  Marshal  Swenie  was  superseded  in  com- 
mand in  1859,  through  the  influence  of  the  "old  volunteer  boys,"  who 
opposed  the  pay  system.  Twenty  years  after,  in  1879,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  present  Mayor  to  the  position  of  Fire  Marshal  and 
Chief  of  Brigade.  The  brigade  comprises  seven  battalions,  and  the 
uniform  force  consists  of  one  Fire  Marshal,  one  First  Assistant  Fire 
Marshal,  one  Assistant  Fire  Marshal  and  Secretary,  seven  Assistant 
Fire  Marshals  and  Chiefs  of  Battalions,  eighty-eight  company  officers 
and  282  men,  a  total  of  380.  The  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph  Corps,  num- 
bering two  officers  and  twelve  men,  together  with  two  Clerks  and  one 
Veterinary  Surgeon,  gives,  as  the  total  working  force  of  the  depart- 
ment, 397  members.  The  apparatus  is  as  follows  :  Thirty-three  En- 
gine Companies,  nine  Hook  and  Ladder  Companies  (two  of  Avhich 
operate  a  one-horse,  two-wheeled,  single  tank  chemical  engine),  and 
three  Chemical  Engine  Companies.  Each  engine  is  attended  by  a. 


76  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

hose  cart.  There  are  in  the  service  twenty-five  two-wheeled  carts, 
each  drawn  by  one  horse,  and  fourteen  four-wheeled  carts,  drawn  by 
two  horses  each.  A  notable  feature  in  the  way  of  special  apparatus  is 
a  portable  standpipe  and  water  tower,  which  can  be  raised  to  the 
height  of  sixty- five  feet,  to  reach  fires  in  the  upper  or  remote  parts  of 
buildings.  There  are  189  horses  in  the  department;  the  quantity  of  hose 
on  hand  amounts  to  37,782  feet;  and  the  total  length  of  ladders  is  2,115 
feet.  The  real  estate  is  valued  at  $215,000,  the  thirty-eight  buildings 
at  $304,650,  and  the  apparatus  at  $568,878,  making  the  total  valua- 
tion of  all  property  in  use  by  the  depa.tment  $1,088,528.  The  cost 
of  maintenance  in  1883  was  $556,551.  The  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph, 
first  introduced  June  2,  1865,  is  now  embraced  in  the  city  telegraph 
system,  which  comprises  all  lines,  telegraph  and  telephone,  in  the 
police  and  fire  service  and  the  various  other  departments  of  the  city 
government.  John  P.  Barrett  is  Superintendent. 

The  Health  Department  is  under  the  Commissioner  of  Health. 
His  chief  aids  are  three  Medical  Inspectors,  one  in  each  division  of 
the  city ;  a  Kegistrar  of  Vital  Statistics,  Small-pox  Hospital  Physician, 
Chemist,  Chief  Tenement  and  Factory  Inspector,  Secretary  and  Clerk. 
The  small-pox  hospital  work  is  lessened  by  house  to  house  visits  for 
the  purpose  of  vaccinating  those  who  have  not  undergone  that  precau- 
tionary treatment.  The  department  also  keeps  a  careful  supervision 
over  the  arrangements  for  safety  and  health  of  inmates  of  domiciles  as 
well  as  workshops.  The  law  imposes  a  penalty  for  the  erection  of  any 
building  without  the  Health  Commissioner's  approval  of  its  plans  for 
ventilation,  light,  drainage  and  plumbing.  The  effect  of  this  is  a 
marked  increase  of  attention  to  sanitary  arrangements  on  the  part  of 
builders  and  owners  of  houses,  and  a  low  rate  of  mortality.  The 
authority  of  the  department  has  a  wide  range,  however,  and  the 
results  of  its  well  directed  labors  in  all  branches  of  its  jurisdiction 
are  clearly  shown  by  the  general  improvement  in  the  sanitary  condi- 
tion of  the  city.  A  great  deal  of  valuable  work  is  done  by  the 
inspector  of  meats  and  stockyards,  whose  condemnations  represent  an 
important  contribution  to  the  stock  of  public  health  ;  as  are  also  the 
operations  of  the  sanitary  police,  the  scavengers,  and  others  working 
under  the  direction  and  control  of  this  department.  Oscar  C.  De 
Wolf,  M.  D.,  has  been  Health  Commissioner  since  1879. 

The  Educational  Department  has  been  duly  noted  in  the  chapter 
on  the  "Educational  Institutions," 


THE  NATIONAL,    STATE   AND   INDEPENDENT   MILITARY 
COMPANIES. 

/"CHICAGO  had  some  warlike  training  in  the  days  of  her  pioneers,  and 
^— '  suffered  at  least  one  serious  disaster,  which  is  recorded  in  the 
account  of  the  massacre  of  Fort  Dearborn.*  The  occupation  of  the 
fort  probably  had  some  influence  in  nourishing  the  military  spirit,  as 
there  are  accounts  of  early  militia  organizations,  and  the  city  does  not 
seem  to  have  been  without  something  of  the  kind  from  the  time  the 
population  was  sufficient  to  form  even  a  Falstaffian  company.  Her  vol- 
unteers took  a  fair  part  in  the  Mexican  Avar,  and  bore  their  full  share  in 
the  late  war  of  the  rebellion.  Indeed,  few  centers  of  population  played 
so  conspicuous  a  role  in  that  bloody  drama.  From  the  first  call  for 
volunteers  her  young  men  responded  freely,  and  when  the  draft  came 
she  supplied  a  large  quota.  The  county  and  city  were  united  in  the 
drafts,  but  much  the  largest  portion  was  of  course  always  drawn  from 
the  city.  The  aggregate  drafts  were  for  24,069  men,  and  when  the  war 
ended  22,436  of  these  had  been  furnished,  with  one  draft  held  in 
abeyance.  In  bounties,  $2,571,272  had  been  paid  out ;  $90,809  had 
been  distributed  among  the  families  of  soldiers ;  and  the  Board  of 
Trade  had  distributed  $220,000,  and  the  Merchants'  Association  $75,- 
000  in  the  same  way,  besides  sending  out  a  battery  of  artillery  each. 

The  total  actual  cost  to  Chicago  and  Cook  County  was  over  $4,000,- 
000,  and  the  share  of  the  city  and  county  in  the  total  general  expenses 
of  the  war  is  estimated  at  $58,000,000.  Below  the  then  southern 
limits  of  the  city,  on  the  lake  shore,  were  situated  the  prisons  of  Camp 
Douglas,  where  so  many  thousands  of  Confederate  prisoners  were  con- 
fined during  the  conflict.  The  ground  on  which  the  camp  stood  is  now 
covered  with  fine  residences,  and  is  one  of  the  most  pleasant  of  the 
resident  portions  of  the  city.  The  great  national  sanitary  fair  was  held 
in  Chicago  during  the  war,  and  an  immense  sum  was  accumulated  for 
the  use  of  the  sick  and  wounded  Federal  soldiers.  The  military  spirit 

*  See  first  chap'er  in  this  volume. 


78 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


is  not  dead  among  the  people,  although  the  parsimonious  course  of  the 
state  toward  military  organizations  is  well  calculated  to  starve  it  out. 

The  Division  of  the  Missouri,  U.  S.  A.,  including  the  states  lying 
west  of  the  Mississippi  Eiver  and  east  of  Utah,  together  with  Illinois 
and  Wisconsin,  is  under  the  command  of  JVIaj.-Gen.  John  M.  Schofield, 
who  took  command  on  the  first  of  November,  1883,  upon  the  removal 
of  Lieut. -Gen.  Sheridan  to  Washington.  The  headquarters,  which  were 
for  a  long  time  located  in  the  Honore  Building,  204  Dearborn  Street, 
were  removed  May  1,  1884,  to  the  fourth  floor  of  the  new  Pullman 
Building,  corner  of  Adams  Street  and  Michigan  Avenue.  There  are  no 
troops  stationed  here,  excepting  a  few  on  detail  as  clerks  to  assist  Gen. 
Schofield  and  the  other  officers.  There  is  a  recruiting  office  for  infantry 
at  No.  9  South  Clark  Street,  with  a  few  men  under  Capt.  Chas.  W. 

Miner,  of  the  Twenty-second 
Infantry,  and  one  for  cavalry 
under  First  Lieut.  Gustavus  C. 
Doane,  Second  Cavalry,  at  No. 
18  South  Clark  Street.  The 
Department  of  the  Missouri, 
which  belongs  to  the  Division 
of  the  Missouri,  and  of  which 
the  state  of  Illinois  is  a  part,  is 
under  command  of  Brig. -Gen. 
Auger,  with  headquarters  at 
Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan. 

The  Illinois  National  Guard 
is  composed  of  two  brigades  of 
infantry  with  cavalry  and  bat- 
tery attachments.  The  law  for 
their  organization  and  govern- 
ment went  into  effect  in  July, 
1877.  The  First  Brigade  has 
FIRST  REGIMENT  (INFANTRY)  ARMORY,  24  JACKSON  ST.  its  headqiiarters  in  Chicago, 
under  command  of  Brig.-Gen.  Chas.  Fitz-Simons.  His  staff  is  com- 
posed of  an  adjt. -general,  a  judge  advocate,  inspector  general,  quar- 
termaster general,  commissary  general,  inspector  of  rifle  practice, 
surgeon,  and  two  aides-de-camp.  The  brigade  is  composed  of  the 
First  Eegiment  of  Infantry,  Col.  E.  B.  Knox ;  the  Second  Regiment 
of  Infantry,  Col.  H.  A.  Wheeler ;  the  Third  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Col. 
C.  M.  Brazee;  the  Fourth  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Col.  Fred  L.  Ben- 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  79 

net;  the  First  Regiment  of  Cavalry,  Lieut. -Col.  Dominick  Welter; 
Battery  C,  Maj.  Wm.  M.  Wood  ;  Battery  D,  Maj.  Edgar  P.  Tobey.  The 
armory  of  the  First  Infantry  is  at  No.  24  Jackson  Street,  where  drills 
are  held  nightly  by  one  or  the  other  of  the  companies.  The  building 
is  of  stone,  rather  massive  in  appearance,  but  not  large  enough  to 
properly  accommodate  the  regiment  in  drill.  It  i.i  occupied  on  a  ten 
years'  lease.  The  Second  Infantry  occupy  rooms  at  No.  179  Kandolph 
Street.  The  armory  of  Battery  D  is  a  building  140X200  feet  in  size,  at 
the  corner  of  Michigan  Avenue  and  Monroe  Street.  It  was  built  by  Bat- 
tery D  with  contributions  from  citizens,  and  is  well  suited  for  their 
purpose.  The  armory  of  the  First  Cavalry  is  of  the  same  size  as  that 
of  Battery  D,  and  adjoining  it  on  Michigan  Avenue.  The  biigade  head- 
quarters are  also  located  in  offices  in  this  building.  The  State  Guards 
hold  a  brigade  encampment  once  a  year.  The  brigade  numbers  about 
2,500  men,  about  1,500  of  them  located  in  Chicago.  The  state  furnishes 
the  guns  and  accoutrem.nts,  and  allows  each  man  $1  per  day  for  four 
days'  encampment,  every  year,  and  pays  the  armory  rents.  Further 
than  this  it  does  nothing,  but  the  regiments  and  companies  have  held 
together  in  the  hope  that  an  appropriation  would  be  secured,  similar 
to  those  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  The  local  commands  are  largely 
composed  of  young  men  of  excellent  families.  The  Second  Brigade, 
with  headquarters  at  Springfield,  consists  of  about  the  same  number  of 
men  as  the  First  Brigade,  but  has  only  one  battery  of  artillery  and  no 
cavalry. 

The  Chicago  Light  Infantry  (colored)  was  organized  in  1879,  and 
has  been  partially  uniformed  and  equipped  by  the  state.  It  consists 
of  about  sixty-five  men  at  present,  with  Alex  Brown  as  captain.  The 
commanding  officer  of  the  State  Guard  has  so  far  refused  to  recognize 
the  company  as  a  part  of  the  regularly  organized  State  Guard,  princi- 
pally on  the  ground  of  the  disreputable  character  of  its  members. 

The  Other  Military  Companies  are  wholly  independent  organiza- 
tions. Of  these  the 

Hibernian  Rifles  are  the  oldest  and  decidedly  the  st  ongest  in  num- 
bers, consisting  at  present  of  seven  companies,  aggregating  about  500 
men,  all  of  Irish  descent  and  members  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  Hiber- 
nians. The  headquarters  are  at  No.  192  East  Washington  Street.  The 
organization  partakes  largely  of  a  social  nature.  John  Kinsella  is  Lieut. - 
Col.  commanding. 

The  Clan-Na-Gael  Guards  were  first  organized  in  1875  ;  afterward 
disbanded,  and  reorganized  in  1882.  They  are  now  in  a  prosperous 


80  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

condition,  own  appropriate  uniforms  and  guns,  and  have  a  balance  in 
the  treasury.  Aside  from  its  military  character,  the  company  looks  to 
the  social  and  benevolent  interests  of  its  sixty-eight  members,  who, 
like  the  Hibernian  Kifles.  are  all  Irishmen.  Drills  are  held  at  192  East 
Washington  Street.  The  Captain  is  L.  P.  Buckley. 

The  Lackey  Zouaves  were  organized  by  G.  W.  Lackey,  who  was 
colonel  of  an  Illinois  regiment  in  the  late  war,  and  from  whom  the 
Zouaves  took  their  name,  in  May,  1877.  Soon  after  the  company's 
organization  it  was  ordered  to  the  assistance  of  the  First  Eegiment  ot 
the  State  Guard,  in  the  July  riots  of  that  year.  Failing  in  health,  Col. 
Lackey  was  succeeded  as  captain  of  the  company  about  two  years  ago 
by  W.  W.  Hammell.  The  latter  gave  up  the  position  some  months  ago 
and  at  this  writing  (Sept.,  1884,)  the  company  is  without  a  commander, 
and  is  practically  inactive,  though  it  is  intact,  and  financially  prosper- 
ous. There  are  at  present  thirty-five  men,  uniformed  and  otherwise 
equipped.  The  headquarters  at  present  are  at  the  office  of  J.  Dalton, 
181  M  nroe  Street. 


anb 

THE   PUBLIC    AND   PRIVATE   PARKS  AND  SQUARES,   THE  BOULE- 
VARDS, AND  DOUGLAS  MONUMENT. 

THE  parks  and  boulevards  of  Chicago  supply  the  great  need  of  her 
teeming  population  for  healthful  recreation  amid  attractive  sur- 
roundings, which  all  may  enjoy  with  a  feeling  of  common  proprietor- 
ship. The  smaller  parks,  although  very  beautiful  and  useful  in  their 
way,  could  not  meet  the  wants  of  a  city  which  had  outgrown  their 
capacity,  and  out  of  the  demand  for  something  larger  and  grander 
grew  the  magnificent  system  of  parks  and  boulevards  that  to-day 
almost  encircle  the  city.  The  initial  steps  toward  this  system,  Avhich 
was  conceived  on  a  scale  of  great  magnitude,  were  taken  some  eighteen 
years  ago,  although  no  decisive  measure  was  reached  till  some  time 
later,  when,  through  .the  efforts  of  public  spirited  citizens,  the  legisla- 
ture began  to  pass  bills  for  the  establishment,  control  and  maintenance 
of  the  parks,  and  the  people,  entering  into  the  spirit  of  the  improve- 
ment, accepted  the  burden  of  expense.  From  that  time  the  develop- 
ment of  the  system,  although  not  yet  complete,  has  been  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  qf  the  many  wonderful  growths  of  Chicago,  and  but 
for  the  interruption  of  the  great  fire  it  would  be  much  farther  advanced 
than  it  now  is.  The  system  comprises  a  chain  of  parks,  including  Lin- 
coln Park  on  the  North  Side,  Humboldt,  Garfield  and  Douglas  Parks  on 
the  West  Side,  and  Washington,  Jackson  and  Gage  Parks  and  Midway 
Plaisance  on  the  South  Side.  The  latter  four  and  the  northern  portion  of 
Lincoln  Park  lie  outside  of  the  p.esent  city  limits.  The  combined  area 
of  these  parks  is  1,879  acres,  and  they  are  connected  by  boulevards 
complete  or  contemplated.  Most  of  the  land  taken  for  this  system  of 
parks  was  located  on  the  open  prairie,  with  only  bits  of  stunted  timber 
here  and  there,  and  without  natural  advantages  that  could  be  utilized 
in  preparing  the  attractive  features  of  the  landscapes.  The  lakes  were 
dug,  the  variations  in  the  surface  were  laboriously  made,  and,  in  fact, 
all  the  artistic  designs  are  of  artificial  construction,  and  were  wrought 
out  with  much  toil  and  painstaking.  Nearly  all  of  the  varied  vegeta- 
tion was  procured  by  the  transplanting  of  trees,  plants  and  grasses  from 
6 


82  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

other  points,  in  many  cases  from  other  states,  and  it  is  only  by  constant 
labor  under  the  direction  of  the  highest  skill  that  the  parks  have  grown 
from  a  dead  level  of  a  treeless  soil  into  landscapes  of  infinite  variety 
and  surpassing  beauty.  The  boulevards  are  of  uniform  construc- 
tion, paved  with  macadam,  as  a  rule.  Most  of  them  are  bordered 
with  elms  which  have  been  taken  from  their  native  habitat  and 
replanted  here.  The  trees  ranged  from  thirty  to  sixty  feet  in  height  at 
the  time  of  their  transplanting,  and  have  since  required  infinite  care  to 
secure  them  against  injurious  effects  from  the  change  of  soil  and 
climate  and  prairie  winds.  They  are  generally  set  in  grassy  strips 
along  the  borders  of  the  boulevards,  between  the  outer  edges  of  the 
sidewalks  and  the  curbing,  and  when  full  grown  will  give  the  drives  the 
appearance  of  broad  country  lanes.  None  of  the  parks,  and  but  few 
boulevards  are  yet  completed,  although  they  are  well  advanced,  and 
steadily  progressing  toward  completion,  but  there  are  fountains  and 
statuary,  and  many  other  features  of  ornamentation  to  be  provided, 
and  large  unimproved  portions  of  the  parks  to  be  brought  under  the 
hand  of  the  landscape  gardener.  The  boulevard  park  system  consists 
of  three  divisions,  corresponding  to  the  divisions  of  the  city  in  which 
they  are  located,  each  supported  in  whole  or  in-  part  by  a  tax  on  its 
division,  and  managed  by  commissioners  appointed  by  the  state  from 
among  citizens  of  the  highest  standing  in  the  community. 

Lincoln  Park,  the  oldest  of  the  boulevard  parks,  lies  In  the  North 
Side,  between  the  lake  and  North  Clark  Street,  stretching  along  the 
lake  shore  from  North  Avenue  on  the  south  to  Diversey  Avenue  on  the 
north,  a  distance  of  about  one  and  a  half  miles.  Twenty  years  ago  the 
old  Chicago  Cemetery  occupied  the  southern  portion  of  the  land,  but 
as  it  was  encroached  upon  by  the  city  the  ground  was  condemned  for 
park  purposes,  and  the  bodies  removed,  as  noted  in  the  chapter  on 
"The  Burial  Places."  On  a  wooded  knoll  west  of  the  main  drive  stands 
a  square  stone  vault  or  mausoleum,  enclosed  with  an  iron  fence  and 
having  over  its  somber  portal  the  single  word  : 


COUCH, 


Not  far  from  this,  and  hidden  amid  shriabbery,  is  a  family  lot  with 
broken  gravestones  and  trampled  mounds,  the  whole  enclosed  with 


MARQUIS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


83 


heavy  stone  curbing.     On  a  prostrate  slab  one  reads  this  tender  record 
of  a  young  mother  and  her  child  : 


REBECCA, 

WIFE    OF 

ELIJAH    P  EACOC  K. 

DIED 
FEBRUARY  10,  1850, 

/€.    29    YEARS. 

ALSO,    W  I  LLI  A  M, 

THEIR  SON, 
DIED  FEB.  19,.  1850,  /E.  8  Mos. 

SHE  DIED  IN  BEAUTY,  LIKE  A  ROSE 
BLOWN  FROM  ITS  PARENT  STEM; 

SHE  DIED  IN  BEAUTY,  LIKE  A  PEARL 
DROPPED  FROM  SOME  DIADEM. 


These  are  about  all  that  remain  to  indicate  the  former  use  of  the 
ground.  The  park  at  first  contained  about  sixty  acres,  but  it  has  since 
been  gradually  extended  until  its  area  has  grown  to  250  acres.  Its 
connection  with  the  boulevard  system  dates  from  1869,  when  the  leg- 
islatiire  provided  for  its  maintenance  and  improvement,  and  appointed 
its  first  Board  of  Commissioners.  The  park  has  eight  miles  of  drives, 
nine  miles  of  walks,  seven  bridges,  two  tunnels  and  twenty  acres  of 
lake  surface.  From  the  magnificent  lake  shore  drive,  which  extends 
from  Oak  Street  to  the  northernmost  limit  of  the  park,  the  panorama 
on  either  side  is  one  of  unrivaled  beauty.  On  the  west  is  the  park 
with  its  succession  of  landscapes,  each  different  from  the  others,  yet 
perfect  in  itself,  and  on  the  east  is  the  lake  flashing  its  ever-changing 
hues  upon  the  vision,  its  rippled  surface  dotted  with  sails  and  steamers, 
and  at  night  the  red  gleam  of  the  lighthouses  in  the  distance,  and  the 
lights  of  the  vessels  that  move  fitfully  about,  and  the  weird  moonlight 
that,  falling  upon  its  dimpled  face,  is  shivered  into  millions  of  radiant 
bea,ms.  There  is  a  long  artificial  lake  of  some  twelve  acres  in  the 
southern  half  of  the  park,  and  a  smaller  one  of  eight  acres  in  the 
northwest  section .  The  zoological  department  contains  an  interesting 
collection  of  animals  and  birds.  The  list  embraces  sea-lions,  prairie 
dogs,  several  varieties  of  bears,  antelopas,  buffalos,  deer,  foxes,  rac- 
coons, wolves,  etc.  A  young  buffalo  was  born  recently  and  this  is  said 
to  be  the  o'nly  known  event  of  the  kind  while  the  mother  was  in  cap- 
tivity. The  floral  department  is  a  striking  and  attractive  feature. 


84 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


About  100,000  plants  of  different  colors  are  displayed  in  beds  artisti- 
cally shaped  and  arranged,  and  the  conservatories  contain  a  large  array 
of  the  most  beautiful  and  curious  tropical  plants  and  flowers.  A  strik- 
ing Indian  group  in  bronze,  life  size  and  standing  upon  a  massive 
granite  pedestal,  is  the  gift  of  Mr.  Martin  Byerson.  The  Lincoln  mon- 
ument, provided  for  by  the  munificent  legacy  of  $50,000  left  by  the 
late  Eli  Bates,  of  this  city,  is  in  progress  under  the  able  hands  of  Mr. 


A  SCENE  IN  LINCOLN  PARK. 

St.  Gaudiens.  When  completed,  it  will  be  given  a  central  location.  It 
is  conceded  by  judges  of  art  who  have  inspected  the  design,  that  this 
will  be  one  of  the  finest  works  of  the  kind  ever  erected  to  the  mem  jry 
of  the  eminent  Illinoisan.  The  refectory,  semi- Swiss  in  design,  is 
located  near  the  boat  landing  on  the  north  border  of  the  larger  lake, 
on  the  line  of  the  main  drives.  The  park  has  a  system  of  water-works 
of  its  own,  which  supplies  a  large  and  handsome  drinking  fountain  for 
horses  in  the  northern  part,  another  on  the  lake  shore  drive,  and 
innumerable  hydrants  and  springs  at  almost  every  turn.  There  are 
two  artesian  wells,  one  near  the  animal  quarters  and  the  other  on  the 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  85 

northwest  side.  The  park  is  illuminated  at  night  by  fifty  arc  electric 
lights,  placed  upon  high  poles.  The  music  stand  is  located  east  of  the 
ridge  drive,  and  the  expense  of  occasional  summer  concerts  is  defrayed 
mainly  by  contributions  of  citizens  of  the  North  Side.  The  south  lawn 
is  used  for  base-ball,  cricket,  lawn  tennis,  archery  and  military  and 
police  drills  and  parades.  Along  the  west  line  is  a  fine  promenade  of 
granolith  sixteen  feet  wide  and  3,000  feet  in  length. 

Humboldt  Park  is  the  most  northern  park  in  the  city.  It  is  situ- 
ated four  miles  northwest  from  the  City  Hall,  between  West  North 
Avenue  on  the  north  and  Augusta  Street  on  the  south,  with  North 
Kedzie  Avenue  on  the  west  and  North  California  Avenue  on  the  east. 
It  is  reached  from  the  city  by  the  Milwaukee  Avenue  and  West  North 
Avenue  horse -car  line ;  from  the  north  by  Humboldt  Boulevard,  and 
from  the  south  by  Central  Boulevard.  Lying  out  on  the  prairie,  it  is 
swept  by  the  southwest  winds  which  for  so  much  of  the  year  play 
over  the  city.  It  contains  200  acres  and  in  many  respects  is  one  of 
the  most  charming  parks  in  the  city.  It  is  densely  covered  in  places 
with  groups  of  trees,  which  show  between  them  laAvns  and  meadows 
in  pleasing  variety.  The  lakes  are  a  special  feature.  They  cover  a 
large  portion  of  the  area,  and  afford  excellent  rowing.  The  boat  land- 
ing is  near  the  refreshment  pavilion,  and  the  band  stand  is  conven- 
iently sitiiated  for  rowing  parties  to  enjoy  the  Sunday  concerts  that 
constitute  one  of  the  great  attractions  of  the  park  during  the  summer. 
There  are  a  conservatory,  cascades,  grottoes  and  drinking  fountains  for 
men  and  animals.  An  artesian  well  1,155  feet  in  depth  yields  water 
of  high  medicinal  qualities,  similar  in  many  respects  to  the  mineral 
waters  of  Garfield  and  Douglas  Parks.  The  following  is  the  analysis 
of  a  wine  gallon  of  the  water  : 

Chloride  of  Magnesium,      7.702  grains.,  Carbonate  of  Iron,  .    .    .  0.065  grains 

Sulphate  of  Soda,      .    .  23.211       "  Silicate  of  Soda,       ,    .    ,  0.7G3       " 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  .      4.132      "  Alumina,       ......  traces. 

Sulphate  of  Lime,     .    .  10.229      "  Sulphuretted  Hydrogen,  faint  traces. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  .    .  12.131      "  Organic  Substances,    .    .  none. 


TOTAL.  58.233  grain?. 

Free  Carbonic  Acid 11.13  cubic  inches. 

Temperature  at  the  Well 63.5  °  Fahrenheit. 

The  lands  for  the  park  cost  $241,157,  without  improvements. 

Garfield  Park  was  formerly  known  as  Central  Park,  but  after  the 
death  of  President  Garfield,  that  name  was  changed  to  the  present 
one  as  a  tribute  to  the  memory  of  the  illustrious  dead.  It  is  the  most 


86  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

western  park  of  the  great  encircling  system,  and  lies  from  four  to  five 
miles  west  from  the  City  Hall,  stretching  between  Colorado  Avenue  on 
the  south  and  West  Kinzie  Street  on  the  north.  It  is  reached  by  the 
Madison  Street,  Lake  Street  and  Eandolph  Street  car  lines,  and  by 
Washington  Boulevard.  It  contains  185  acres  of  ground,  which  cost, 
unimproved,  $450,596.  The  seventeen-acre  lake  in  the  central  part 
of  the  grounds  has  two  miniature  islands.  The  refreshment  pavilion 
has  breezy  balconies  and  piazzas  affording  fine  views.  The  boat  land- 
ing is  300  feet  in  length.  Over  30,000  plants  are  propagated  in  the 
conservatory  every  year.  There  is  a  handsome  drinking  fountain  for 
horses,  which  was  presented  by  the  Illinois  Humane  Society,  the  cost 
of  its  construction  being  contributed  by  Mrs.  Mancel  Talcott.  The 
artesian  well,  sunk  to  a  depth  of  2,200  feet,  is  a  center  of  attraction. 
Hundreds  of  visitors  go  daily  to  drink  the  water,  and  many  carry  it 
away  in  bottles  and  jugs  for  home  consumption.  It  is  saline  and 
chalybeate,  and  possessed  of  valuable  medicinal  properties  for  cases 
of  ansemia,  indigestion,  diseases  of  the  urinary  organs,  rheumatism 
and  kindred  complaints.  The  following  is  the  analysis  : 

Chloride  of  Magnesium,  8.352  grains.  Sulphate  of  Soda,.  .  .  13.645  grains. 
Chloride  of  Sodium,  .  87.491  "  Silicate  of  Soda,  .  .  .  O.508 

Bromide  of  Magnesium,      O.301       "  Alumina.      ,,,...    traces. 

Sulphate  of  Lime,     .    .       1.114       "  Organic  Substances.    .    .    none. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  .    .    14.802   _    "  Sulphuretted  Hydrogen,     none. 

Carbonate  of  Iron,     .    .      0.712       " 

TOTAL,  146.925  grains. 

Free  Carbonic  Acid, 13.44  cubic  inches. 

Temperature  at  the  Well 71.4°  Fahrenheit. 

Water  flows  from  the  well  at  the  rate  of  150  gallons  per  minute.  A 
pretty  sight  is  a  small  cataract  known  as  "miniature  Niagara,"  falling 
from  a  basin  on  the  top  of  the  rocky  grotto  at  the  mouth  of  the  well. 
There  are  wooden,  stone  and  iron  bridges,  and  different  shaped  lawns, 
with  walks  and  drives,  all  of  which  are  bordered  with  trees,  beds  of 
flowers,  and  all  the  other  accessories  of  the  landscape  gardener's  art. 
There  are  three  miles  of  foot-paths  and  a  driveway  of  about  two  miles. 
The  southern  portion  of  the  park  grounds,  comprising  sixty-seven 
acres,  lying  just  south  of  Madison  Street,  is  as  yet  unimproved,  and 
has  long  been  occupied  as  a  driving  park  by  the  Central  Driving  Park 
Association. 

Douglas  Park,  four  miles  southwest  of  the  City  Hall,  lies  on  the 
open  prairie.  It  is  slightly  .smaller  than  either  of  the  other  West 
Side  parks  of  the  system,  containing  only  180  acres.  It  is  west  of 


SCENES  IN  WASHINGTON  PARK. 


88  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

California  Avenue,  between  Twelfth  Street  on  the  north  and  Nine- 
teenth Street  on  the  south.  It  is  reached  from  the  city  by  the  Madison 
Street  and  Ogden  Avenue  horse-cars.  Douglas  Boulevard  forms  a 
connection  with  Garfield  Park  on  the  north.  The  park  itself  has 
numerous  attractive  features.  The  artesian  Avell  in  an  embowered 
grotto,  feeds  the  lake,  and  is  visited  by  many  on  account  of  the  me- 
dicinal properties  of  its  water,  which  is  not,  however,  considered  as 
valuable  in  that  respect  as  the  water  from  the  well  in  Garlield  Park. 
An  analysis  of  the  water  shows  that  a  wine  gallon  is  composed  as 
follows : 

Chloride  of  Magnesium,      3.236  grains.  Carbonate  of  Iron,  .    .    .  0.103  grains. 

Chloride  of  Sodium,      .      2.320       "  Silicate  of  Soda,      .    .    .  0.731       " 

Sulphate  of  Soda,     .     .    28.321  Alumina, traces. 

Sulphate  of  Lime,     .    .      6.422  Sulphuretted  Hydrogen,  faint  traces. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  .    .    11.149       "  Organic  Substances,    .    .  none. 


TOTAL,  57.282  grains. 

Free  Carbonic  Acid,  ,  ....        10.22  cubic  inches. 

Temperature  at  Well,         .        .        .        .        .       57.1  °  Fahrenheit. 

The  conservatory  and  propagating  houses  are  spacious ;  over  60,000 
plants  are  transplanted  from  them  every  year.  Grassy  lawns  are  used 
for  base  ball  and  croquet  playing.  From  the  balconies  of  the  unique 
refectory  is  had  a  fine  view  of  the  lake,  eleven  acres  in  extent,  and 
the  most  striking  vistas  of  the  grounds.  It  is  in  Douglas  Park  that 
the  Chinese  congregate  in  the  month  of  August  to  perform  one  of 
their  religious  ceremonies,  which  is  celebrated  by  the  flying  of  kites 
of  the  most  curious  shapes  and  patterns,  many  of  them  representing 
animals,  which,  perhaps,  never  existed  save  in  the  excited  imagina- 
tions that  pictured  them.  The  original  cost  of  the  lands  of  Douglas 
Park  was  $241,157. 

South  Parks  is  the  name  by  which  Washington  and  Jackson  Parks, 
connected  by  Midway  Plaisance,  are  collectively  known.  The  total 
cost  of  the  ground  for  these  parks,  including  expenses  of  quieting 
title,  and  ground  for  connecting  boulevard,  was  .$3,208,000. 

Washington  Park  lies  between  six  and  seven  miles  south  of  the 
City  Hall,  and  extends  from  Fifty-first  to  Sixtieth  Streets,  between 
Cottage  Grove  and  Kankakee  Avenues.  It  is  more  than  a  mile  from 
the  lake  shore,  contains  371  acres,  and  is  reached  by  the  State  Street 
and  Wabash  Avenue  cable-cars,  over  Indiana  and  Cottage  Grove  Ave- 
nues, by  Michigan  Avenue,  Drexel  and  Grand  Boulevards,  and  by  the 
phaetons  and  the  dummy  line  from  Oakwood  Boulevard.  The  artesian 


SCENES  IN  WASHINGTON  PARK. 


90  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

well  is  1,643  feet  deep,  and  the  water  is  somewhat  similar  to  that 
of  Garfleld  and  Douglas  Parks.  It  supplies  a  large  portion  of  the 
water  required,  some  being  drawn  from  Hyde  Park.  The  conservatory 
is  a  very  handsome  structure,  40x120  feet,  containing  a  splendid  col- 
lection of  tropical  plants,  and  there  are  nin  >  spacious  propagating 
houses,  and  a  cactus  house.  About  170,000  plants  are  set  ont  annually. 
One  of  the  attractions  of  this  park  is  the  "Meadow-f  which  contains 
about  100  acres,  and  is  belted  by  beautiful  lines  of  timber.  The 
"Mere"  is  a  winding  lake  of  thirteen  acres.  The  Park  Retreat  is  a 
wooden  building  three  stories  in  height.  It  is  of  ornamental  archi- 
tecture, and  is  used  as  a  restaurant,  and  for  the  offices  of  the  local 
management.  The  stable  is  one  of  the  attractions.  It  is  built  of 
stone  in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross,  is  325x200  feet  in  its  greatest 
diameters,  and  will  accommodate  100  horses.  The  portion  allotted 
to  the  horses  is  said  to  be  the  most  complete  thing  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  circle,  and  the  stalls  are  ranged  in  two 
concentric  rings  with  an  alley  between.  The  phaetons  used  for  the 
transportation  of  visitors  to  and  through  the  parks  are  kept  in  this 
building.  The  cost  of  the  unique  structure  was  $40,000.  The  phaeton 
horses  are  all  iron-gray,  and  are  selected  with  a  careful  eye  to  their 
beauty  of  form  and  adaptability  to  the  service.  Both  Grand  and 
Drexel  Boulevards  are  traversed  by  the  phaetons,  which  make  regular 
trips  at  short  intervals  to  Oakwood  Boulevard  for  passengers,  and  the 
number  of  persons  carried  during  the  season  has  reached  45,000, 
and  is  steadily  increasing.  A  prominent  feature  near  the  entrance  of 
Drexel  Boulevard  is  a  large  drinking  fountain  for  horses.  Permits  for 
base  ball,  croquet,  archery,  etc.,  are  always  granted  on  proper  appli- 
cation. 

Jackson  Park  lies  along  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  between  seven 
and  eight  miles  from  the  City  Hall.  It  contains  593  acres,  of  which 
84  are  improved,  ajid  extends  from  Fifty-sixth  to  Sixty-seventh  Streets, 
Stony  Island  Avenue  forming  the  western  boundary.  It  is  reached  by 
the  ditmmy  engine  from  Oakwood  Boulevard,  and  by  the  phaetons 
from  the  same  point,  all  of  which  connect  with  South  Side  horse-cars, 
and  also  by  the  Illinois  Central  trains.  There  are  two  broad  covered 
dancing  platforms  in  the  unimproved  portion  for  picnic  parties.  The 
system  of  interior  lakes,  covering  1 65  acres,  is  connected  with  Lake 
Michigan  by  an  inlet  north  of  the  pier.  The  lakes  are  of  sinuous  out- 
line, with  many  small  bays  and  inlets  extending  into  the  surrounding 
grounds,  and  when  finished  as  designed,  will  constitute  the  prominent 


92  MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

feature  of  the  park.  The  main  entrance  is  at  Fifty-seventh  Street, 
where  the  visitor  leaves  the  depot  of  the  Illinois  Central  Kailroad  at 
South  Park  Station,  and  at  once  confronts  the  most  charming  scene, 
— spreading  trees  and  beds  of  flowers  in  the  summer,  with  a  broad,  open 
meadow  beyond.  From  many  points  there  are  fine  views  of  the  park, 
and  of  Lake  Michigan  and  its  hundreds  of  amphibious  craft.  A  break- 
water is  in  process  of  construction  for  the  protection  of  the  shore 
from  erosion  by  the  waves,  and  the  beach  is  being  laid  with  stone  block 
pavement  for  the  same  purpose.  The  occasional  summer  concerts  draw 
many  visitors.  Jackson  is  destined  to  be  one  of  the  finest  and  most 
attractive,  as  it  is  now  the  largest,  of  the  boulevard  parks. 

Midway  Plaisance  extends  from  Jackson  Park  to.  Washington  Park, 
between  Fifty-ninth  and  Sixtieth  Streets.  It  was  intended  to  connect 
the  two  parks  both  by  boulevard  and  basin,  the  latter  uniting  the  lake 
systems  of  the  parks,  but  it  will  be  years  before  the  costly  design  of 
the  basin  can  be  completed.  It  is  one  and  one-tenth  miles  in  length, 
and  contains  eighty  acres.  It  is  to  be  handsomely  improved,  and  will 
be  one  of  the  pleasantest  portions  of  the  South  Parks  division. 

Gage  Park,  the  smallest  of  this  system,  is  a  neat  park  of  twenty 
acres  situated  about  four  miles  west  of  Washington  Park,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  Garfleld  and  Western  Avenue  Boulevards. 

The  Other  Parks  are  under  the  management  of  the  city  govern- 
ment. They  are  distribute!  miscellaneously  throughout  the  city.  In 
the  West  Division  are  Union,  Jefferson,  Wicker,  Vernon,  Congress  and 
Campbell  Parks.  Union  Park  is  nearly  two  miles  west  of  the  City 
Hall,  on  the  line  of  Washington  Boulevard,  on  the  east  side  of 
Ashland  Avenue  and  the  south  side  of  West  Lake  Street.  It  contains 
fourteen  and  four-fifths  acres.  It  has  a  small  lake,  mounds,  a  fountain 
and  several  cages  of  animals,  the  most  conspicuous  of  which  is  a 
monstrous  grizzly  bear.  The  park  is  not  in  good  repair,  owing  to 
neglect,  but  is  still  an  interesting  place  of  resort.  A  movement  is 
extant  to  have  its  management  transferred  to  the  West  Chicago  Park 
Commissioners,  when  it  is  hoped  that  its  pristine  beauty  will  be 
restored.  Jefferson  Park  is  about  one  and  a  half  miles  south  and  west 
from  the  City  Hall,  occupying  one  large  block  of  five  and  a  half 
acres,  bounded  by  Adams.  Throop,  Monroe  and  Loomis  Streets.  It 
has  a  lake,  a  fountain  and  a  grotto,  and  is  a  very  charming  little 
feature  of  the  vicinity.  Vernon  Park  lies  nearly  two  miles  southwest 
of  the  City  Hall,  stretching  along  the  north  side  of  West  Polk 
Street,  between  Center  Avenue  and  Loomis  Street,  and  contains 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


93 


nearly  four  acres.  "Wicker  Park  lies  three  miles  northwest  of  the  City 
Hall,  and  one  block  south  of  Milwaukee  Avenue,  within  the  angle 
formed  by  the  junction  of  Park,  North  Robey  and  Fowler  Streets,  and 
contains  four  acres  attractively  arranged.  Congress  and  Campbell 
Parks  contain  'peveii-tenths  and 
one-half  acre,  respectively.  In  the 
North  Side,  Washington  Square, 
containing  two  and  a  quarter  acres 
prettily  laid  out,lies  betweenNorth 
Clark  Street  and  Dearborn  Ave- 
nue, and  Washington  and  Lafay- 
ette Places.  Union  .Square  con- 
tains a  half  acre.  It  forms  the  north- 
west quarter  of  the  block  bounded 
by  Goethe,  Scott,  Astor  and  Stone 
Streets.  In  the  South  Side  is  Lake 
Park,  the  largest  of  the  city  parks. 
It  extends  from  Eandolph  to 
Twelfth  Street,  between  Michigan 
Avenue  and  the  strip  of  ground 
along  the  lake  shore  occupied  by 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  It 
contains  forty- one  acres,  has  some 
small  trees  and  some  walks  and 
benches,  but  is  not  much  frequent- 
ed except  by  idlers.  Dearborn 
Park  is  simply  an  open  half-square 
without  cultivation,  on  the  west 
line  of  Michigan  Avenue,  betwean 
Washington  and  Randolph  Streets. 
Grovelaud  and  Woodlawn  Parks 
are  contiguous,  lying  between  Cot- 
tage Grove  Avenue  and  the  lake,  DouGLAS  MONUMENT. 
near  Thirty -fifth  Street,  and  each  contains  four  and  a  half 
acres  of  ground.  The  former  is  a  picturesque  wood  of  ancient- 
hooking  elms,  vine  -  covered  and  threaded  with  shady  walks. 
Opposite  these  parks,  on  the  west  side  of  Cottage  Grove  Avenue,  are 
the  grounds  of  the  Chicago  University,  which,  together  with  those  of 
the  parks,  were  donated  by  that  gifted  citizen  of  Illinois,  Senator 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  whose  family  mansion  occupied  the  immediate 


94  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

vicinity  for  many  years  prior  to  his  death.  The  mausoleum  contain- 
ing the  remains  of  the  Senator  is  located  on  a  plat  of  ground  border- 
ing upon  Woodlawn  Park,  near  the  eastern  terminus  of  Douglas  Ave- 
nue, and  overlooking  Lake  Michigan.  Towering  above  the  mausoleum 
to  the  height  of  104  feet  is  a  noble  monument  in  memory  of  the  dis- 
tinguished statesman,  orator  and  citizen.  Surmounting  this  is  an 
admirable  and  very  life-like  bronze  statue  of  Mr.  Douglas,  executed 
by  the  Chicago  artist,  Leonard  Volk.  The  mausoleum  and  shaft  are  of 
granite.  At  the  corners  are  four  bronze  female  figures,  seated  on 
granite  pedestals,  each  inscribed  with  the  character  respectively  rep- 
resented, viz:  "Illinois,"  "History,"  "Justice,"  "Eloquence."  The 
marble  Sarcophagus  in  the  crypt  bears  on  its  side  the  following  in- 
scription : 


STEPHEN    A.    DOUGLAS, 

BORN 
APRIL  23,    1813, 

DIED 
JUNE  3,  1861. 

'  TELL    MY   CHILDREN    TO   OBEY   THE    LAWS   AND 
UPHOLD   THE    CONSTITUTION." 


The  cost  of  this  magnificent  tribute  of  respect  was  about  $100,000. 
Ellis  Park  is  a  pleasant  little  place  of  three  and  three -eighths  acres, 
lying  four  miles  south  of  the  court-house,  between  Cottage  Grove  and 
Vincennes  Avenues,  at  the  Thirty-seventh  Street  crossing.  Aldine 
Square,  at  Thirty-seventh  Street  and  Vincennes  Avenue,  is  an  enclosed 
park  of  one  and  a  half  acres,  handsomely  arranged,  and,  like  Grove- 
land  and  Woodlawn  Parks,  surrounded  by  elegant  and  costly  mansions. 
All  three,  too,  are  maintained  in  the  same  manner,  viz  :  by  special  tax 
levied  for  the  purpose  on  abutting  property. 

Michigan  Avenue  Boulevard  commences  at  Jackson  Street  and 
extends  south  for  about  three  and  one-fourth  miles  to  Thirty-fifth 
Street.  It  is  100  feet  wide  and  is  completed  its  entire  length.  It  is  a 
fashionable  drive,  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country,  and  runs  through 
one  of  the  richest  residence  sections  of  the  South  Side. 

Thirty-fifth  Street  Boulevard  commences  at  the  south  end  of  Mich- 
igan Avenue  Boulevard,  and  extends  eastward  about  one-third  of  a 
mile,  where  it  connects  with  Grand  Boulevard.  It  is  sixty-six  feet 
wide,  and  is  completed  its  entire  length. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


95 


Grand  Boulevard  commences  at  its  junction  Avith  the  east  end  of 
Thirty-fifth  Street  Boulevard,  and  extends  directly  south  for  a  distance 
of  two  miles,  where  it  enters  the  northwest  corner  of  Washington 
Park.  It  is  198  feet  wide  and  has  a  broad  central  driveway  which  runs 
between  wide  grass  strips  bearing  double  rows  of  trees.  Outside  of 
these  are  roadways  thirty-three  feet  wide,  the  one  on  the  east  being  for 
traffic  and.  that  on  the  west  for  equestrians.  Along  the  outer  borders 
of  the  roadways  are  strips  of  grass  bearing  single  rows  of  trees,  and 
outside  of  these  are  the  footways  with  a  line  of  trees  along  the  outer 


border  of  each.  There  are  many  handsome  residences  along  the 
boulevard,  and  others  in  course  of  construction,  and  in  favorable 
weather  it  is  thronged  with  people  of  both  sexes  on  horseback  and  in 
vehicles. 

Oakwood  Boulevard  commences  at  Grand  Boulevard  and  Thirty- 
ninth  Street,  and  extends  eastward  a  half  mile  to  the  north  end  of 
Drexel  Boulevard.  It  is  100  feet  wide,  and  is  completed  its  entire 
length.  At  its  junction  with  Drexel  Boulevard  stands  "  The  Cottage," 
a  very  handsome  building  erected  by  the  South  Park  commissioners  as 
a  waiting-room  for  passengers  desiring  to  take  the  phaetons  or  the 
dummy  train  for  South  Parks. 


96 


MARQUIS'   H AX D- BO  OK  OF  CHICAGO. 


Drexel  Boulevard  is  the  gem  of  the  boulevard  system.  It  com- 
mences at  the  east  end  of  Oakwood  Boulevard  and  running  south 
parallel  with  Grand  Boulevard  to  Fifty-second  Street,  turns  cast  for 
one  block  and  enters  Washington  Park  one  square  south  of  its  northern 
boundary.  It  is  200  feet  wide  and  1.48  miles  long,  and  has  3.05 
miles  of  completed  driveways.  There  is  a  broad  central  strip  through- 
out the  entire  length,  planted  with  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  orna- 
mented with  sinuous  walks  and  grass  plats  and  beds  and  borders  of 
flowers,  and  foliage  plants,  in  various  designs,  among  which  a  mag- 
nificent flower-decked  elevation  known  as  "  The  Mound,"  shown  in 

the  illustration  on  page  89,  attracts 
universal  attention.  There  is  also, 
near  the  park  end.  a  wonderful  tri- 
umph of  the  florist's  art  in  the 
shape  of  an  elephant,  composed  of 
growing  cacti,  and  remarkably  cor- 
rect in  outline.  At  Fifty-first  Street 
stands  the  splendid  fountain  dona- 
ted by  the  Messrs.  Drexel,  of  Phila- 
delphia, in  honor  of  whom  the 
bcmlevard  was  named.  Along  either 
side  of  the  central  space  is  a  broad 
driveway  as  level  and  smooth  as  a 
floor,  and  thronged  on  pleasant 
evenings  with  vehicles  containing 
representatives  of  the  wealth  and 
fashion  of  the  city,  many  of  them 
occupants  of  the  handsome  villas 
along  the  boulevard,  or  owners  of  others  that  are  being  erected  there. 
Drexel  Boulevard  was  modeled  after  Avenue  1'  Imperatrice,  Paris,  and 
with  the  highest  order  of  taste  in  design,  and  of  skill  in  execution, 
nothing  has  been  omitted  that  could  add  to  its  attractiveness,  and  it  is 
conceded  that  it  surpasses  its  prototype. 

Garfield  Boulevard  is  planned  on  a  grand  scale.  Its  design  is  similar 
to  that  of  Grand  Boulevard,  having  a  broad  central  driveway  with  a 
row  of  trees  and  grass  plats  and  shrubbery  on  either  side,  outside  of 
which  are  roadways  for  traffic  and  for  equestrian  exercise,  the  whole 
plan  being  laid  with'n  a  lane  of  elms.  It  is  200  feet  wide,  and  has  a 
total  length  of  three  and  one-half  miles,  and  the  ways  thus  far  com- 
pleted aggregate  three  and  three-fourths  miles  in  length.  It  leaves 


FOUNTAIN. 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  97 

Washington  Park  at  Fifty-fifth.  Street,  and  extends  west  along  the  line 
of  that  street  to  Gage  Park,  through  which  it  connects  with 

Western  Avenue  Boulevard,  which  is  also  planned  on  a  similar 
scale  and  of  kindred  design  with  Grand  Boulevard.  It  is  200  feet 
•wide,  and  runs  directly  north  from  Gage  Park  to  the  Illinois  &  Mich- 
igan Canal,  a  distance  of  nearly  three  miles,  but  only  a  little  over  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  of  roadway  is  completed.  The  plan  contemplates  its 
extension  from  its  present  terminus  north  to  Thirty-first  Street,  Avest 
to  California  Avenue,  north  to  Laughton  Street,  west  to  Sacramento 
Avenue,  and  north  to  Douglas  Park,  thus  completing  the  connection 
between  the  South  Side  and  West  Side  divisions  of  the  system  by  a 
line  of  boulevards,  which,  when  finished,  will  not  have  its  equal  in  the 
world.  Negotiations  are  in  progress  for  the  purchase  of  the  ground  for 
this  extension. 

Douglas  Boulevard,  "L"  shaped,  250  feet  in  width  and  one  and 
three-fourths  miles  in  length,  connects  Douglas  and  Garfield  Parks,  en- 
tering the  former  from  the  west  and  the  latter  from  the  south.  Its  plan 
is  essentially  the  same  as  that  of  Central  Boulevard.  The  driveway  has 
been  completed,  but  few  shade  trees  have  yet  been  set  out,  and  floral 
ornamentation  has  not  been  introduced.  Open  prairie  abounds  along 
its  entire  length.  The  original  cost  of  the  land  was  $27,569.  Im- 
provements are  constantly  being  made,  and  Douglas  promises  to 
become  one  of  the  most  fashionable  and  popular  boulevards  on  the 
West  Side. 

Central  Boulevard  constitutes  the  connecting  link  between  Garfield 
and  Humboldt  Parks.  It  is  a  little  over  a  mile  and  a  half  in  length, 
and  has  an  average  width  of  250  feet.  The  completed  driveway, 
thirty-eight  feet  wide,  is  bordered  on  either  side  by  a  slender  lawn, 
with  a  ''bridle  path"  running  along  within  its  outer  edge,  and  fringed 
with  rows  of  elms.  The  viaduct  arching  the  tracks  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Kailway,  affords  a  good  view  of  the  surrounding 
country. 

Humboldt  Boulevard  is  as  yet  little  more  than  a  country  road.  It 
has  been  par  ially  graded  by  owners  of  adjoining  property,  and  a  few 
trees  have  been  set  out,  under  the  direction  of  the  park  commissioners. 
The  boulevard  proper  is  250  feet  in  width,  btit  it  embraces  in  its  plan 
Palmer  Place,  400x1750  feet  and  Logan  Square,  some  400X800  feet. 
Its  total  length  is  about  three  miles.  It  connects  Humboldt  Park  with 
a  proposed  boulevard  from  Chicago  River  to  Lincoln  Park.  The  land 
was  acquired  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $32,000, 
7 


98  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Washington  Boulevard  was  constructed  upon  that  portion  of  Wash- 
ington Street  extending  from  Halsted  Street  through  Union  Park  to 
Garfleld  Park,  a  distance  of  about  three  and  one-fourth  miles.  It  is 
bordered  for  nearly  its  entire  length  with  handsome  residences,  many 
of  them  having  fine  lawns  and  rows  of  shade  trees  in  front.  It  is  100 
feet  wide  in  its  western  extension,  and  is  a  fine,  broad  driveway  in  all 
i  s  parts,  although  not  of  uniform  width.  It  is  to  the  West  Side  Avhat 
Michigan  Avenue  Boulevard  is  to  the  South  Side,  being  the  most  pop- 
ular drive  in  its  section  of  the  city. 

Lake  Shore  Drive,  th.ough  not  a  boulevard  in  the  strict  sense  of  the 
term,  is  a  part  of  the  boulevard  system.  It  extends  from  Oak  Street,  a 
little  north  of  the  North  Side  water  works,  to  Lincoln  Park,  of  which 
it  really  forms  a  part,  and  thence  it  continues  along  the  lake  shore  to 
the  northernmost  park  limits.  It  is  three-fourths  of  a  mile  in  length  to 
its  entrance  into  the  park  proper.  Its  total  width  is  200  feet,  and  the 
driveway,  completed,  100  feet.  It  will  be  extended  south  from  Oak 
Street  to  the  river,  as  a  boulevard,  grants  for  that  purpose  having 
passed  the  Common  Council  and  been  accepted  by  the  park  commis- 
sioners. 


anc) 

THE    HOSPITALS,    ASYLUMS,    HOMES,    AND    OTHER   CHARITABLE, 
BENEVOLENT    AND  HUMANE   ORGANIZATIONS. 

"\  1  7ITH  all  her  pride  of  power  and  material  wealth,  Chicago  does  not 
*  •  neglect  the  claims  of  humanity,  but  cultivates  the  various  lines  of 
humane  endeavor  as  ardently  as  if  they  were  channels  of  trade,  and 
endows  them  as  liberally  as  if  they  were  commercial  institutions.  This 
is  demonstrated  by  her  great  public  charities,  and  by  the  number  of 
her  organizations  for  special  relief  purposes.  There  is  scarcely  any 
form  of  human  suffering  or  need,  present  or  contingent,  but  finds  its 
remedy  in  her  hospitals,  dispensaries,  asylums,  homes,  or  one  of  the 
many  associations  for  the  help  of  others  or  for  mutual  aid. 

The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society  was  organized  under  special 
act  of  the  legislature  ill  February,  1857.  The  main  object  Avas  to  aid 
such  of  the  poor  as  through  sickness  or  other  misfortune  require  tem- 
porary assistance.  It  was  not  the  intent  to  extend  aid  to  the  perma- 
nently needy,  nor  to  assist  any  until  proven  worthy.  Able-bodied 
applicants  are  assisted  in  finding  employment,  and  in  other  cases 
money  and  clothing  are  provided.  Rules  of  the  society  provide  that  no 
loan  shall  be  made  from  the  funds ;  that  no  person  who  receives  aid 
shall  ask  alms  of  the  public  ;  and  those  receiving  aid  shall  be  regarded 
as  entitled  to  assistance  until  careful  investigation  shall  prove  to  the 
contrary.  The  affairs  of  the  society  are  managed  by  a  board  of  direct- 
ors selected  from  prominent  business  men,  and  this  board  reports  annu- 
ally to  the  City  Council.  It  owns  the  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society 
Building,  in  which  its  offices  are  located.  During  the  period  of  extreme 
suffering  which  followed  the  great  fire  of  1871,  the  society  found  its 
energies  taxed  to  their  utmost  capacity,  and  its  system  of  relief  sub- 
jected to  the  severest  possible  test,  but,  although  the  scope  of  its 
operations  was  extended  considerably  bej-ond  the  original  purpose  of 
the  organization,  it  passed  the  ordeal  with  remarkable  success.  The 
millions  which  flowed  into  the  city  in  the  shape  of  money  and  supplies, 
from  all  civilized  portions  of  the  globe,  were  mostly  turned  over  to  the 
society  for  distribution,  and  it  thus  had  over  one  hundred  thousand 


100  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

homeless  people  to  provide  with  shelter  and  food,  and  extensive  needs 
in  other  directions  to  supply.  An  executive  committee  and  sub-com- 
mittees were  organized,  and  the  great  work  was  commenced  and  carried 
on  systematically.  The  labor  was  incessant,  but  tbe  service  was  marked 
with  surprising  celerity,  considering  the  care  necessary  to  insure  a 
judicious  execution  of  the  trust.  In  less  than  three  years  the  society 
disbursed  nearly  four  and  a  half  millions  of  dollars.  Of  this  the  shelter 
committee  expended  nearly  one  million  in  building  and  furnishing 
more  than  9,000  houses ;  $250,000  were  paid  out  for  sewing  machines, 
arid  tools  for  mechanics  and  laborers  ;  $300,000  for  fuel  for  families ; 
and  more  than  $500,000  were  distributed  by  the  medical  depart- 
ment and  the  committee  on  charitable  institutions.  May  1,  1874. 
there  was  left  of  about  five  millions  received  for  the  aid  of  the  victims 
of  the  conflagration,  something  over  a  half  million  of  dollars.  This  has 
been  quietly  and  carefully  disbursed,  and  when  the  final  account 
was  rendered  Jan.  1,  1884,  not  a  dollar  of  the  vast  sum  commonly 
known  as  "the  fire  fund,"  was  reported  lost  or  misappropriated.  The 
society  then  announced  that,  its  stewardship  of  this  fund  having 
ended,  it  must  thereafter  confine  its  operations  within  the  original 
scope  of  its  organization.  Charles  G.  Truesdell,  the  superintendent, 
has  for  many  years  ably  filled  that  difficult  and  responsible  position. 

The  Old  People's  Home  was  founded  in  1861,  as  the  "  Old  Ladies' 
Home,"  through  the  efforts  of  Miss  Caroline  Smith,  who  afterward 
bequeathed  to  it  about  $1,000  and  two  lots  of  ground.  In  1804  a 
hoiise  was  purchased,  but  it  afforded  accommodations  for  only  eleven 
inmates,  and  after  the  fire  of  1871  it  was  totally  inadequate  to  the 
legitimate  demands  upon  its  room.  The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid 
Society  then  came  to  its  assistance  with  a  donation  of  $50,000,  stipu- 
lating that  there  should  be  no  discrimination  as  to  sex,  race,  nationality, 
or  religious  belief,  and  that  the  donors  should  have  the  right  to  name 
one  inmate  for  every  $2.500  given.  The  conditions  were  accepted, 
and  the  institution  was  accordingly  reorganized  in  May,  1872,  under 
its  present  title.  A  commodious  three  story  building  was  erected  on 
Indiana  Avenue  near  Thirty-ninth  Street,  and  was  occupied,  with  nine- 
teen old  ladies,  Nov.  25r  1874.  It  has  capacity  for  eighty  inmates,  and 
the  average  number  in  the  Home  is  sixty-six.  The  value  of  this  prop- 
erty is  $70,000 ;  of  the  property  previously  occupied,  $5.000 ;  there 
are  endowments  amounting  to  $34.857 ;  and  the  institution  is  free 
from  debt.  Its  annual  expenses  are  something  over  $10,000,  the  bulk 
of  which  is  met  by  contributions.  All  the  inmates  are  old  ladies,  the 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


101 


plan  being  to  erect  a  duplicate  building  for  tlie  use  of  old  men. 
Admission  is  restricted  to  persons  of  good  character,  who  have  been 
residents  of  Chicago  for  two  years,  are  sixty  years  of  age,  in  indigent 
circumstances,  arid  have  no  children  able  to  provide  for  them.  In 
special  cases  persons  fifty-five  years  of  age  are  admitted  by  a  vote  of 
the  board  of  managers.  All  admissions  are  on  six  mouths'  probation, 
at  the  expiration  of  which  permanent  residence  may  be  accorded  or 
refused,  and  if  granted  is  liable  to  be  canceled  at  any  time,  for  cause. 
An  admission  fee  of  $300  is  required  in  each  case,  and  inmates  must 
furnish  their  own  rooms.  The  board  of  managers  consists  of  thirty 
ladies  of  high  social  standing,  and  there  is  a  board  of  nine  trustees 
composed  of  citizens  prominent  in  charitable  work.  There  are  also  a 
matron,  and  a  physician  and  assistant  physician. 

The  Foundlings'  Home  is  one  of  the  most  noted  charities  in  Chi- 
cago. It  had  its  birth  in  the 
humane  impulses  of  Dr.  Geo. 
E.  Shipman.  On  the  31st  of 
January,  1871,  the  Home 
was  opened  at  No.  54  South 
Green  Street.  Two  months 
later  a  removal  was  effected  to 
roomier  quarters  at  Sangamon 
and  Kandolph  Streets,  and  in 
May,  1872,  a  donation  of  $10,- 
000  was  accepted  from  the 
Chicago  Kelief  and  Aid  Society, 
the  Home  was  incorporated, 
and  the  present  main  building 

Commenced.       It    is     on-  Wood  FOUNDLINGS-  HOME. 

Street,  just  south  of  Madison,  and  cost,  with  the  ground,  about  $50,000, 
the  Relief  Society  adding  $20,000  to  its  previous  donation.  It  was  occu- 
pied in  May,  1874.  It  is  built  of  light  brick,  is  cruciform,  with  a  front  of 
40  feet  and  a  depth  of  60  feet,  is  three  stories  in  height  with  attic  and 
basement,  and  contains  about  forty  rooms.  In  1883  a  new  wing  was 
built  on  adjacent  grounds.  It  is  of  red  brick,  sixty-two  by  forty  feet, 
five  stories  high,  and  connected  with  the  main  building  by  an  annex. 
It  contains  nine  dormitories,  eight  rooms  for  hospital  purposes,  the 
rooms  of  the  superintendent  and  his  family  and  of  the  lady  assistants, 
etc.  These  buildings  have  a  capacity  for  more  than  100  inmates.  Many 
of  the  babies  are  adopted  into  reputable  Christian  families,  eighty-two 


102  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

being  so  placed  last  year.  Of  about  5,000  infants  received  since  the 
Home  was  opened,  890  were  adopted,  1,097  were  returned  on  the 
application  of  their  parents,  and  2,992  died.  Nursing  mothers  are  also 
given  shelter.  The  current  expenses  are  about  $6,000  per  annum,  the 
money  for  which,  as  well  as  for  the  grounds,  buildings,  etc.,  is  all 
received  by  voluntary  contribution.  The  founder,  George  E.  Shipman, 
M.  D.,  is  secretary  and  superintendent. 

The  Servite  Sisters'  Industrial  Home  for  Girls  was  established  by 
the  Servite  Sisters  in  a  small  way,  in  May,  1877.  The  location  is  139G 
West  Van  Buren  Street.  The  object  is  the  care  of  homeless  and  desti- 
tute children  from  nine  to  eighteen  years  of  age,  who  come  of  their 
own  accord  or  are  brought  by  parents  or  sent  by  the  courts.  They  are 
taught  all  kinds  of  work  for  which  they  have  capacity,  in  the  forenoon, 
and  in  the  afternoon  they  are  taught  the  common  English  branches. 
The  building  is  a  substantial  brick  of  five  stories  and  basement,  with 
three  wings  two  and  three  stories  high.  It  cost,  with  the  grounds, 
about  $40,000,  and  belongs  to  the  Sisters  who  occupy  and  manage 
it.  The  institution  is  supported  by  contributions  of  money  and  cloth- 
ing, by  the  sale  of  manufactured  articles,  and  by  interest  on  invested 
funds,  each  of  the  eighteen  Sisters  having  $2,000  or  upwards  in  United 
States  bonds,  the  income  from  which  is  devoted  to  that  purpose.  The 
average  number  of  non-paying  inmates  is  about  thirty-five.  Some 
300  have  passed  through  the  Home,  three  having  died.  Sister  Mary 
Francis  is  Mother  Superior. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Friendless  and  Industrial  School  for 
Girls,  is  located  at  409  and  411  South  May  Street.  It  was  founded  and 
incorporated  in  1878,  as  a  place  of  refuge  for  respectable  young  girls 
who  are  temporarily  out  of  employment.  It  is  a  Catholic  institution, 
and  is  supported  mainly  by  the  laundry,  the  dress-making  department, 
and  the  income  from  those  who  are  able  to  pay  their  board.  The 
building  is  the  property  of  the  association,  is  of  brick,  four  stories  in 
height,"with  a  basement  and  capacity  for  the  accommodation  of  100, 
which  is  about  the  average  number  of  inmates.  The  value  of  the  prop- 
erty is  $14,500;  the  annual  expenses  $11,000;  and  the  number  of 
inmates  received  per  annum  about  1,000.  . 

The  Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  corner  of  Paulina 
and  West  Adams  Streets,  was  founded  in  February,  1865,  mainly 
through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Mary  Harris  Thompson.  Its  objects  are  to 
afford  a  home  for  women  and  children  among  the  respectable  poor  in 
need  of  medical  and  surgical  aid  ;  to  treat  the  same  classes  at  home  by 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  103 

an  assistant  physician  ;  to  afford  a  free  dispensary  for  the  same,  and  to 
train  competent  nurses.  The  hospital  passed  through  many  vicissi- 
tudes, including  the  great  fire,  after  \vhich  it  located  on  its  present 
site,  purchased  for  it  by  the  Chicago  Relief  ;md  Aid  Society  at  a  cost  of 
$25,000,  and  given  on  condition  that  twenty-five  patients,  named  by 
the  society,  should  be  cared  for  free  of  charge.  The  grounds  are  spa- 
cious, measuring  150  by  80  feet,  but  the  house,  formerly  a  private 
residence,  is  only  large  enough  to  accommodate  twenty-five  patients 
and  the  necessary  attendants.  Some  $30,000  have  been  raised  and 
work  commenced  on  a  new  building  on  the  same  lot,  to  accommodate 
eighty  to  one  hundred  patients.  There  is  a  free  dispensary,  and  many 
thousands  of  patients  have  received  treatment,  in  the  hospital  and  at 
their  homes.  The  institution  is  not  endowed,  but  is  supported 
through  the  unselfish  efforts  of  the  lady  managers,  aided  by  small  sums 
received  from  paying  patients  and  the  proceeds  of  occasional  entertain- 
ments. It  is  out  of  debt  and  has  a  balance  in  its  treasury.  It  is  con- 
ducted wholly  by  women.  The  "  Board  of  Councilors,"  or  managers, 
is  composed  of  thirty  prominent  ladies ;  the  medical  staff  consists  of 
experienced  lady  physicians,  with  Mary  Harris  Thompson,  M.  D.,  at  the 
head,  and  there  is  a  consulting  staff  of  gentlemen  well  known  as  able 
practitioners.  Mrs.  J.  C.  Hilton  is  president. 

The  Newsboys'  and  Bootblacks'  Association  was  founded  in  1868 
for  the  purpose  of  supplying  a  Home  for  such  of  the  indigent  boys  of 
the  streets  as  were  disposed  to  earn  their  own  living.  The  association 
was  incorporated  in  December,  1874.  The  building  is  at  146  Quincy 
Str  et,  The  funds  for  its  construction  were  raised  by  subscription.  It 
is  of  brick,  four  stories  in  height,  with  a  basement,  and  contains  offices, 
dining-room,  -wash-rooms,  rooms  for  officers,  and  dormitories  with 
single  beds  for  100  boys.  There  are  two  schools,  one  in  the  daytime 
for  the  smaller  boys,  and  one  in  the  evening  for  the  larger  ones.  A 
special  feature  of  the  institution  is  the  Newsboys'  Sunday  school,  at 
which  the  average  attendance  is  235.  The  property  is  held  in  the 
name  of  three  trustees,  and  the  Home  is  supported  by  small  sums  paid 
by  the  boys  for  food  and  lodging,  and  by  contributions  from  various 
sources.  The  average  number  of  boys  in  attendance  is  fifty,  and  the 
average  annual  cost  of  the  maintenance  of  each  boy  is  about  $150. 
W.  H.  Hand  is  president. 

The  Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless  was  founded  for  the  purpose 
of  extending  assistance  to  worthy  indigent  women  and  children.  The 
association  was  organized  in  March,  1858,  and  incorporated  in  Febru- 


104 


MARQUIS'  HAtfb-SOOK  Off  CtilCAGO. 


ary,  1859.  It  first  occupied  a  frame  building  on  West  Randolph  Street, 
but  in  1869  was  removed  to  its  present  location  at  the  corner  of  Wabash 
Avenue  and  Twentieth  Street.  Jonathan  Burr  donated  one  lot,  and 
George  Smith  two,  for  the  site  of  the  building,  and  liberal  contribu- 
tions enabled  the  association  to  erect  the  structure.  In  1868  an  addi- 
tion was  built,  Jonathan  Burr  contributing  $5,000  toward  the  cost 
and  subsequently  $5.000  more  to  furnish  it.  In  1880  the  Home 


HOME  FOR  THE  FRIENDLESS. 

received  the  munificent  bequest  of  $87,000  from  the  estate  of  H.  H. 
Taylor,  deceased,  with  a  portion  of  which  another  addition  was  built, 
and  is  known  as  "  The  Taylor  Memorial."  The  building  and  its  addi- 
tions are  quite  extensive.  They  are  of  red  brick,  have  four  stories  and 
an  attic,  and  contain  upwards  of  100  rooms,  including  dormitories, 
work-rooms,  school-rooms,  kindergarten,  play-room,  nurseries,  bath- 
rooms, lavatories,  literary  department,  domestic  department,  infirmary, 
dispensary — in  fact  they  are  in  every  respect  admirably  arranged  for 
the  purpose  they  were  intended  to  serve.  A  fire-escape  communicates 
with  every  floor.  The  Home  school,  which  has  an  industrial  class,  is 
supported  mainly  by  the  income  of  a  bequest  of  the  late  Jonathan  Burr, 


MARQtTIS*  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO.  105 

of  which  the  Home  is  trustee.  Particular  attention  is  paid  to  instruc- 
tion in  household  work.  Childien  of  proper  age  who  have  been  sur- 
rendered to  the  Home,  or  are  otherwise  entirely  at  its  disposal,  are,  on 
application,  placed  in  Christian  families  where  ample  assurance  is  given 
that  they  will  be  kindly  treated  and  properly  reared.  The  management 
is  under  a  numerous  board  of  managers,  composed  of  six  ladies  from 
the  city  and  one  or  more  ladies  from  the  congregation  of  each  of  the 
city  churches,  except  Catholic.  A  recent  report  shows  that  the  num- 
ber of  admissions  for  the  year  was  1,802,  of  which  1,072  were  adults, 
and  730  were  children.  The  number  of  children  surrendered  to  the 
Home  was  173,  and  the  number  placed  in  permanent  homes  was  105. 
The  expenses  for  the  same  year  were  $16,962.74,  of  which  $13,102 
were  paid  from  the  proceeds  of  investments.  A  little  paper,  called  the 
Home  Visitor,  is  published  in  the  interest  of  the  institution.  Much 
oittside  work  is  also  done  under  the  supervision  of  the  Home  patrons. 
Sick  and  needy  are  visited  and  assisted.  Temperance  movements  are 
encouraged,  etc.,  etc.  Mrs.  M.  H.  Moudy  is  matron  and  superintendent. 

The  Burr  Mission,  which  consists  of  an  "Industrial  School,  Mission 
School  and  Free  Chapel,"  was  founded  by  the  late  Jonathan  Burr,  in 
1868,  and  was  first  located  at  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  Street  and 
Third  Avenue.  In  1880  it  was  removed  to  the  corner  of  Twenty-third 
Street  and  Wentworth  Avenue,  a  new  and  commodious  brick  building 
having  been  erected  for  it,  with  large  chapel  and  Sabbath-school 
accommodations,  at  a  cost  of  $11,500.  There  is  a  spacious  reading- 
room,  stocked  with  magazines  and  newspapers,  and  the  day  school  is  in 
a  very  nourishing  condition,  the  enrollment  for  1883  showing  fifty-one 
boys  and  sixty-three  girls,  with  an  average  attendance  of  fifty.  A  kin- 
dergarten was  successfully  opened  in  the  same  year.  The  Chicago 
Home  for  the  Friendless  is  the  trustee  for  the  Mission  in  perpetuity, 
and  the  latter  is  under  the  sole  management  of  the  officers  of  the  Home. 
The  objects  of  the  Mission  are  the  religious^and  secular  education  of  the 
poor. 

The  House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  under  charge  of  the  Sisters  of 
the  Good  Shepherd,  is  an  asylum  for  women  and  female  children.  The 
building  stands  in  a  large  enclosure,  on  the  corner  of  North  Market 
and  Hurlbut  Streets.  It  is  five  stories  in  height,  and  well  arranged 
and  equipped  for  the  work.  The  asylum  was  established  in  May,  1859. 
The  first  building  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  the  present  building  was 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $70,000.  In  a  niche  in  the  front  stands  a  stone 
figure  of  heroic  dimensions,  representing  the  Good  Shepherd  carrying 


106  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

the  lost  sheep.  The  total  value  of  the  property  is  $200,000.  The 
work  of  the  institution  is  largely  reformatory.  There  are  five  depart- 
ments, each  kept  apart  from  the  others,  viz  :  The  penance  reformatory 
for  grown  persons ;  the  juvenile  reformatory  for  young  persons ;  the 
industrial  school ;  the  Magdalen  asylum,  and  Our  Sisters'  community. 
School  and  religious  exercises  are  held  daily  in  each  department. 
There  are  accommodations  for  400  inmates,  and  an  average  attend- 
ance of  about  350.  All  are  received,  Avhatever  their  record  ;  some  at 
their  own  request,  and  others  sent  by  friends  or  the  city.  The  institu- 
tion is  self-supporting,  apart  from  the  trifle  it  gets  from  the  city,  and 
small  amounts  paid  by  boarders,  earning  its  income  with  the  laundry 
and  the  needle.  Subscriptions  are  very  rarely  solicited.  There  are 
some  fifty-five  children  between  the  ages  of  five  and  ten  years,  and 
about  thirty  old  women  who  are  unable  to  do  any  work.  The  annual 
expenses  are  $31,000.  There  are  thirty-six  Sisters  engaged  in  the 
establishment,  of  whom  Sister  Angelique  is  Mother  Superior,  and 
Sister  Mary,  of  the  Nativity,  assistant. 

The  Orphan  Asylum  of  the  Guardian  Angel  was  established  in 
1867  by  a  German  Catholic  orphan  society  organized  in  1865.  In 
1872  the  "Guardian  Angel  German  Catholic  Society"  was  incorpo- 
rated and  took  charge  of  the  institution.  The  building  was  burned 
Oct.  23,  1879,  and  the  present  structure  was  erected  on  the  site  at  a 
cost  of  $35,000.  The  grounds  embrace  forty-nine  acres,  and  the 
property  is  valued  at  $50,000.  The  asylum  has  130  inmates,  and  is 
managed  by  a  sisterhood  known  as  the  "  Poor  Handmaids  of  Jesus 
Christ."  A  monthly  publication,  conducted  by  Mr.  L.  Biehl,  is  issued 
in  behalf  of  the  institution.  Kev.  J.  Essing  is  president. 

The  Michael  Reese  Hospital  is  maintained  and  managed  by  the 
Hebrew  Belief  Association.  It  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Twenty- 
ninth  Street  and  Groveland  Avenue,  and  is  a  very  handsome  and  capa- 
cious structure,  with  four  stories  and  basement.  It  was  erected  from  a 
fund  provided  by  the  will  of  the  late  Michael  Eeese.  This  fund 
amounted  to  $90,000,  of  which  $40,000  were  devoted  to  the  build- 
ing, and  the  remainder  invested  as  an  endowment.  There  is  no  test 
of  faith  in  admissions,  and  both  male  and  female  patients  are  received. 
Over  500  are  admitted  to  the  hospital  annually.  The  first  hospital  of 
the  Association  was  erected  in  1866,  at  the  corner  of  LaSalle  and 
Chilli  Streets.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1871,  and  until  the  present 
building  was  occupied  in  October,  1881,  the  association  placed  its 
patients  in  other  hospitals. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


107 


The  Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  was  founded  in 
1858  by  Dr.  Edward  L.  Holmes,  who  has  been  professionally  associ- 
ated with  the  institution  ever  since.  It  was  incorporated  in  1865,  and 
up  to  the  period  of  the  fire  was  a  private  charity,  aided  by  small 
annual  appropriations  from  the  state.  Among  the  incorporators  were 


THE  ILLINOIS  CHARITABLE  EYE  AND  EAR  INFIRMARY. 

some  of  the  best  known  philanthropists  of  Chicago.  It  was  first  located 
on  East  Pearson  Street,  but  after  its  destruction,  the  Chicago  Belief 
and  Aid  Society  gave  the  present  site  on  the  corner  of  West  Adams 
and  Peoria  Streets,  and  the  state  appropriated  the  necessary  funds  for 
the  erection  and  equipment  of  the  institution,  on  the  trustees  convey- 
ing to  it  the  entire  property.  It  was  opened  to  the  public  in  1874. 
The  object  is  to  provide  gratuitous  board  and  medical  and  siirgical 
treatment  for  indigent  residents  of  the  state  who  are  afflicted  with 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear.  The  building  is  a  four-story  brick,  104  X 
50  feet,  with  basement,  and  an  L  about  40X30  feet.  The  chapel, 
stables,  and  wards  for  contagious  diseases  occupy  detached  positions. 
The  main  building  contains  a  complete  domestic  department,  office, 
laboratory,  clinical,  operating,  public  and  private  rooms,  wards  for 
patients,  etc.  The  institution  will  accommodate  about  150  inmates  at 
a  time,  and  over  400  are  adinitted  annually.  There  is  a  dispensary 


108  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

provided  for  the  gratuitous  treatment  of  outside  eye  and  ear  patients, 
in  which  between  2,000  and  3,000  persons  are  treated  annually. 
The  daily  average  of  the  infirmary  and  dispensary  combined  is  nearly 
150  patients,  and  the  total  number  of  treatments  since  the  institution 
was  established  is  about  100,000.  The  surgical  and  medical  depart- 
ments of  the  infirmary  are  in  charge  of  competent  and  experienced 
medical  gentlemen.  E.  C.  Lawton  is  superintendent. 

The  Chicago  Orphan  Asylum,  2228  Michigan  Avenue,  is  popularly 
known  as  the  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum.  It  is  under  Protestant  man- 
agement, but  children  are  admitted  without  regard  to  creed.  It  is  one 
of  the  oldest  charitable  institutions  in  the  city,  and  Avas  organized  Nov. 
5,  1849,  to  relieve,  protect,  educate  and  provide  means  of  support  for 
orphaned  and  destitute  children.  The  present  location  was  occupied 
in  1853.  The  building  was  erected  by  subscriptions  at  a  cost  of  about 
$20,000.  and  has  192  inmates.  Recent  additions  give  accommoda- 
tions for  250  children.  There  is  a  day  school  divided  into  primary, 
secondary  and  and  kindergarten  departments.  Children  may  be  given 
out  for  adoption,  or,  after  reaching  the  age  of  twelve  years,  maybe 
indentured  to  any  respectable  service.  The  institution  is  supported 
by  contributions  and  by  the  rentals  of  eight  handsome  brick  dwellings 
on  the  grounds,  and  by  the  income  from  invested  funds  and  minor 
resources.  Among  the  handsome  donations  and  bequests  it  has  re- 
ceived was  $12. 000  for  the  additions  to  the  building  above  mentioned, 
from  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Talcott,  and  an  endowment  of  $5,000  from  the 
same  liberal  hand  to  provide  shoes  for  the  children.  Also  bequests 
from  the  late  Jonathan  Burr  of  $11,760;  Flavel  Mosely,  $10,000; 
Col.  J.  L.  James,  $5,000 ;  Allan  C.  Lewis,  $4,000.  William  A.  Brown 
and  Thomas  Church  have  each  given  $1,000,  and  the  Chicago  Relief 
and  Aid  Society  donated  $10,000.  A  board  of  eleven  trustees,  with 
an  advisory  board,  manage  the  general  business,  while  the  internal 
management  is  directed  by  a  board  of  forty  ladies.  A  competent  med- 
ical staff  looks  after  the  physical  welfare  of  the  children  without 
charge.  Mrs.  Norman  T.  Gassette  is  president  of  the  lady  managers ; 
Mrs.  Henry  S.  Fitch  and  Miss  Sarah  M.  Horton,  secretaries ;  Mrs.  B. 
W.  Kendall,  treasurer. 

The  Home  for  Incurables  was  incorporated  May  26,  1880,  and 
was  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  in  January,  1881.  The 
building,  a  two-stoiy  brick,  was  formerly  a  private  residence.  It 
stands  on  a  lot  of  two  acres  at  the  corner  of  Racine  and  Fullorton 
Avenues.  The  institution  provides  a  home  for  all  classes  of  incur- 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


109 


ables.  About  thirty-five  patients  can  be  accommodated  at  a  time. 
Those  who  are  unable  to  pay  are  admitted  free.  Applicants  must  have 
resided  in  Cook  County  for  at  least  twelve  months.  The  Home  is 
supported  mainly  by  voluntary  contributions. 

The  Hospital  of  the  Alexian  Brothers,  569  North  Market  Street, 
represents  the  first  establishment  of  the  order  in  America.  In  1866 
the  Brothers  occupied  a  small  frame  at  Dearborn  and  Schiller  Streets, 
and  in  1869  moved  into  a  larger  frame  they  had  built  on  the  present 
site,  which  embraces  ten  lots,  extending  back  to  Franklin  Street. 


THE  HOSPITAL  OF  THE  ALEXIAN  BROTHERS. 

After  the  fire  of  1871  the  spacious  building  now  occupied  was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $45,000.  It  has  ample  accommodations  for  100  patients, 
and  115  to  120  have  been  cared  for  at  one  time.  The  average  number 
of  inmates  is  ninety,  and  over  1,000  are  received  annually.  Only  men 
are  admitted,  but  there  is  a  dispensary  in  connection  which  is  open  to 
the  sick  and  needy  of  both  sexes.  There  is  no  discrimination  as  to 
creed  or  nationality.  Many  patients  are  sent  in  by  the  city,  but  the 
expenses,  which  amount  to  about  $18,000  per  annum,  are  met  wholly 
by  subscriptions  solicited  by  two  of  the  Brothers.  The  entire  prop- 
erty, valued  at  about  $75,000,  belongs  to  the  Alexian  Brothers,  Bro, 
Philip  Kraener  is  rector  and  superior, 


110  MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Uhlich  Evangelical  Orphan  Asylum  (German)  had  its  inception 
about  fifteen  years  ago,  having  been  established  in  1869  through  the 
efforts  of  the  Eev.  Joseph  Hartman,  the  present  president.  The  asylum 
was  first  located  on  North  Clark  Street,  but  was  swept  away  by  the  fire 
of  1871.  Soon  afterward  the  buildings  now  occupied,  at  the  corner  of 
Burling  and  Center  Streets,  were  erected,  the  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid 
Society  contributing  $20,000  for  the  purpose.  There  are  two  build- 
ings. The  asylum  proper  is  a  three  story  structure  with  base  dimen- 
sions of  50X75  feet.  A  one  story  building,  25x50  feet,  is  used  for 
dining-room  and  other  purposes.  The  spacious  grounds,  consisting  of 
eleven  lots,  constitute  play-grounds  for  the  children.  About  sixty 
German  orphans,  of  both  sexes,  at  present  find  homes  at  the  institu- 
tion, this  being  the  average  number  of  inmates.  The  asylum  property 
is  valued  at  $46,000,  and  the  annual  expenses  are  $6,000.  'The  well- 
known  philanthropist,  Carl  Gottfried  Uhlich.  who  had  been  its  most 
liberal  supporter,  made  a  valuable  donation  of  forty-eight  city  lots 
to  the  asylum,  the  revenues  from  which  aid  materially  in  its  mainten- 
ance. Christian  Mauermaun  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Woman's  Hospital  of  Chicago,  118  Thirty-fifth  Street,  was 
founded  in  1870  as  tho  "  Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  Illinois,"  by 
Dr.  Reeves  Jackson,  who  was  its  surgeon-in-chief  for  about  ten  years. 
The  property  occupied  is  leased,  but  a  fund  is  being  raised  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  building  at  the  corner  of  Rhodes  Avenue  and  Thirty-second 
Street,  where  a  large  lot  has  been  purchased,  and  another  adjoining  is 
in  negotiation.  The  institution  is  specially  devoted  to  the  treatment 
of  the  diseases  and  accidents  peculiar  to  women,  irrespective  of  creed, 
color,  or  condition  in  life  ;  the  clinical  instruction  of  students  in  medi- 
cine, and  the  practical  training  of  nurses.  Patients  are  treated  in  the 
hospital  and  outside,  and  the  expenses,  amounting  to  about  $9,000  per 
annum,  are  met  by  paying  patients'  fees  and  donations.  It  has  accom- 
modations for  about  thirty-five  patients,  with  an  average  of  thirty,  and 
an  annual  aggregate  of  208  inmates.  The  Board  of  Trustees  and  Board 
of  Managers  are  both  composed  of  ladies  of  social  prominence,  and 
there  is  an  able  medical  staff  of  seven  visiting  members.  Miss  E.  Lunt 
is  matron. 

The  Maurice  Porter  Memorial  Hospital,  at  the  corner  of  Belden  Ave- 
nue and  North  Halsted  Street,  was  founded  in  1882  by  Mrs.  Julia  Porter, 
in  memory  of  her  dead  son.  Its  object  is  the  care  of  sick  and  injured 
children,  for  Avhom  it  has  accommodations  to  the  number  of  ten.  The 
cost,  is  all  borne  by  Mrs.  Porter.  Miss  Jennie  Gilinore  is  matron. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


Ill 


The  Home  for  the  Aged  of  the  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor  was  founded 
in  1870,  with  the  view  of  providing  a  home  for  destitute  men  and 
women  over  sixty  years  of  age  and  of  good  moral  character.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1881.  No  distinction  is  made  as  to  creed  or  national- 
ity. The  building,  which  was  erected  in  1880,  occupies  a  large  lot  at 
the  corner  of  Throop  and  Harrison  Streets.  It  is  four  stories  in  height, 
has  well- furnished  accommodations  for  140  persons,  and  averages 
about  125  inmates.  The  male  and  female  departments  are  separate. 
The  Home  is  supported  by  contributions,  and  the  property  is  nearly 
paid  for.  Sister  Mary,  of  St.  Helena,  is  Mother  Superior. 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  established  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity  in  1869, 
is  located  at  360  Garfleld  Avenue.  The  building,  which  was  erected  in 
1872,  is  a  four  story  brick,  with  accommodations  for  eighty  patients 
and  an  average  attendance  of  about 
sixty.  No  applicant  is  barred  on 
account  of  sex  or  creed,  the  hospital 
being  arranged  in  male  and  female 
departments.  Patients  who  are  able 
are  expected  to  pay  for  admission 
and  treatment ;  otherwise  they  are 
received  free.  Patients  are  some- 
times sent  by  the  city,  but  the 
institution  is  supported  by  the  pay  ST.  JOSEPH'S  HOSPITAL. 

patients,  from  contributions  and  from  occasional  fairs.  The  medical 
staff  is  composed  of  eminent  physicians  and  surgeons.  Sister  Mary 
Cephas  is  in  charge. 

St.  Luke's  Free  Hospital,  one  of  the  noted  institutions  of  the  city, 
originated  with  a  few  benevolent  ladies,  during  the  civil  war,  in  an 
effort  to  care  for  the  sick  prisoners  and  soldiers  at  Camp  Douglas.  In 
1864  it  was  started  as  a  free  hospital  for  the  sick  poor,  and  has  reached 
its  present  eminence  and  prosperity  after  many  trials  and  removals. 
It  is  under  Episcopalian  control  and  management,  but  no  distinction  is 
made  in  admission  on  account  of  sect,  sex,  or  nationality.  In  May, 
1871,  a  location  was  purchased  at  1434  Indiana  Avenue.  A  year  later 
the  Chicago  Belief  and  Aid  Society  donated  a  considerable  sum  and  a 
tract  of  ground  on  State  Street  near  Thirty-seventh.  In  1881  Mr. 
N.  K.  Fairbank  gave  100  feet  on  Indiana  Avenue  adjoining  the  hos- 
pital grounds  on  the  north,  which  was  extended  back  to  seventy  feet 
frontage  on  Michigan  Avenue  by  subsequent  purchases  from  contribu- 
tions. The  erection  of  a  spacious  new  hospital  on  the  Indiana  Avenue 


112.  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

front  was  at  once  commenced.  It  consists  of  four  handsome  buildings, 
costing  $130,000,  on  the  ground  donated  by  Mr.  Fairbank,  all  con- 
nected by  corridors,  and  a  fifth  to  be  hereafter  erected  on  the  old  hos- 
pital site  adjoining.  These  are  to  be  followed  by  a  building  on  the 
Michigan  Avenue  front,  which  will  be  allotted  to  the  administrative 
department  of  the  institution,  and  constitute  the  main  entrance.  In 
addition  to  the  wards  in  the  new  building,  the  plan  provides  for  a 
chapel,  amphitheaters  for  clinics  and  autopsies,  and  all  the  accessories  of 
the  best  modern  hospitals.  Large  subscriptions  have  been  made  to  the 
building  fund  by  many  well-known  citizens,  the  largest  amounts  being 
$25,000  from  Tolman  Wheeler,  and  $25,000  from  the  W.  B.  Ogden 
estate.  Six  of  the  beds  are  permanently  endowed  with  interest-bearing 
investments  of  $3.000  and  upwards  each,  and  eighteen  are  supported 
by  annual  contributions  of  $300  each  from  various  sources.  Annually 
on  St.  Luke's  Day  a  collection  is  taken  up  for  the  hospital  in  all  the 
Episcopal  churches  of  the  city.  The  management  have  $32,381.77  at 
interest,  and  the  property  is  valued  at  over  $185,000.  A  recent  annual 
report. places  the. receipts  at  $17,094.75';  expenditures,  $15,413.49; 
patients  admitted,  403  ;  discharged,  360 ;  deaths,  35  ;  births,  33  ; 
and  1.372  patients  were  treated  the  same  year  in  St.  Luke's  Free  Dis- 
pensary, which  was  opened  in  the  hospital  building  in  1871,  and  is 
under  the  same  management.  The  medical  staff  of  the  hospital  and 
dispensary  is  composed  of  men  of  high  standing  in  the  profession,  who 
give  their  services  gratuitously.  Kev.  Clinton  Locke,  D.  D.,  is  presi- 
dent and  superintendent. 

The  Lakeside  Summer  Sanitarium,  at  the  foot  of  Twenty-fifth  Street, 
was  founded  in  1883  by  the  president,  Mrs.  B.  Shoeneman.  It  provides 
nursing  and  care  for  infant  children  of  the  poor,  during  the  hot  days 
of  shimmer,  while  teething,  and  suffering  with  diseases  peculiar  to 
their  age  and  the  season.  Proper  food  and  baths  are  given,  also  ex- 
perienced medical  attention,  and  clothing  when  necessary.  Nearly 
1.000  children  were  cared  for  during  the  summer  of  1884.  The 
institution  is  supported  by  voluntary  contributions.  Mrs.  N.  K.  Stone 
is  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Floating  Hospital  Association  has  been  in  operation  since 
1876,  the  purpose  of  its  work  being  to  furnish  lake  excursions  for 
fresh  air  to  sick  children  and  other  invalids  among  the  poor.  Dxiring 
about  nine  weeks  in  the  hottest  portion  of  the  summer,  a  steamer  is 
chartered  to  make  three  excursions  daily,  except  Saturdays  and  Sun- 
days, from  Clark  Street  bridge  to  North  Avenue  pier  at  Lincoln  Park. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


113 


The  pier  is  covered  and  provided  with  a  large  number  of  hammocks 
for  the  use  of  the  children.  As  many  as  600  are  taken  out  a':  one  trip. 
The  cost  of  this  charity  is  about  $1,200  per  annum,  which  is  raised  by 
subscription.  Competent  medical  attendance  is  provided.  No  one 
afflicted  with  contagious  diseases  is  allowed  to  go  on  board  the  vessel. 
Dr.  C.  L.  Rutter,  182  N.  State  Street,  is  secretary. 

Mercy  Hospital,  corner  of  Calumet  Avenue  and  Twenty-sixth 
Street,  was  founded  about  1848-49  by  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,  and  was 
incorporated  in  1852  as  "Mercy  Hospital  and  Mercy  Orphan  Asylum." 


MERCY  HOSPITAL,  CALUMET  AVENUE  AND  TWENTY-SIXTH  STREET. 

A  building  at  the  present  location  was  first  occupied  in  1863.  In 
1864  the  orphanage  was  transferred  to  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph,  and  the 
institution  was  confined  to  hospital  work.  In  1869  a  capacious  wing 
was  constructed  and  equipped,  and  the  sisters  moved  the  hospital  into  it, 
and  established  the  House  of  Providence  in  the  main  building.  The  ob- 
jects are,first,  to  take  care  of  the  sick  poor,  and  then  of  as  many  who  are 
able  to  pay  as  can  be  accommodated.  The  building  is  a  three  story  brick, 
with  basement,  and  is  provided  with  an  amphitheater,  sick  wards  for 
males  and  females,  private  rooms  for  paying  patients,  and  the  usual  do- 
mestic and  sanitary  conveniences.  It  has  comfortable  capacity  for  180 
patients,  and  an  average  of  175  inmates.  It  is  managed  by  thirty-four 
Sisters,  at  an  annual  expense  of  $26,000,  which  is  met  by  voluntary  con- 
tributions a-.id  the  sums  received  from  pay  patients.  The  entire  prop- 
erty is  valued  at  $260,000,  but  is  encumbered  with  a  mortgage  debt. 


114  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Cook  County  Hospital  occupies  an  entire  block,  embracing  twelve 
acres,  bounded  by  Wood,  Eu-iison,  Lincoln  and  Polk  Streets.  It 
was  founded  in  1865  as  an  independent  hospital,  and  was  then  located 
at  the  corner  of  Arnold  and  Eighteenth  Streets.  Later  it  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  county  authorities,  and  has  since  steadily  grown  to  its  pres- 
ent magnificent  proportions.  The  buildings  are  all  of  red  brick,  trim- 
med with  stone,  built  in  the  pavilion  style,  with  courts  between,  and 
well-lighted  corridors  connecting  the  four  main  structures.  The  latter 
are  four  stories  in  height,  with  attics  and  basements,  and  are  provided 
on  every  floor  with  accommodations  for  thirty  to  forty  patients,  besides 
smaller  rooms  for  private  patients,  or  cases  that  demand  isolation. 
There  are  a  kitchen,  dining-room,  bath-rooms,  closets,  etc.,  on  each 
floor,  and  rooms  are  conveniently  located  for  the  resident  attaches. 
An  air-shaft  rises  through  the  center  of  each  building,  from  the  sub- 
basement  to  the  roof,  connecting  with  air-chambers  between  the 
floors,  and  a  coil  of  steam  pipe  in  each  shaft  heats  the  air  as  desired  to 
create  a  draft.  By  this  means  the  atmosphere  of  the  rooms  is  con- 
stantly changed.  The  rooms  and  wards  are  warmed  by  indirect  heat 
from  a  regulator  in  each  apartment.  These  arrangements  give  com- 
plete ventilation,  and  command  a  perfectly  even  temperature  at  all 
seasons.  In  the  center  of  the  group  of  buildings  is  the  amphitheater 
for  surgical  operations  and  clinics,  with  a  seating  capacity  for  600,  for 
the  use  of  students  of  the  medical  colleges  of  the  city.  A  smaller 
amphitheater  is  provided  for  autopsies  held  by  the  professors  for  the 
instruction  of  students,  and  in  the  basement  beneath  it  is  the  public 
morgue  of  Chicago.  A  large  kitchen,  bakery,  dining-rooms,  and 
dormitory  for  the  help  employed  in  the  hospital,  occupy  special  quar- 
ters near  the  store-room  and  laundry.  There  are  also  storage  for  ice, 
barns  for  horses,  provender,  vehicles,  etc.,  on  the  ground.  One  of  the 
most  striking  features  is  the  new  building,  surmounted  by  a  tower, 
erected  on  the  Harrison  Street  front.  It  constitutes  the  main  entrance 
to  the  institution,  and  is  five  stories  high,  the  two  upper  stories  being 
allotted  to  private  patients,  and  the  remainder  occupied  by  the  admin- 
istrative department,  with  admission,  reception  and  examining  rooms, 
laboratory,  drug  and  dispensing  rooms,  lavatory,  offices,  committee  and 
family  rooms.  Altogether,  there  are  comforta  le  and  convenient 
accommodations  for  over  500  patients.  The  stairways  are  all  broad 
and  of  gradual  ascent,  and  elevators  afford  easy  access  to  the  upper 
floors.  A  recent  annual  report  gives  the  daily  average  of  patients  as 
353 ;  inmates,  including  employes  and  physicians,  448  ;  daily  cost  of 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


115 


each,  64  cents.  Keceipts  from  private  patients  were  $1,886.50;  from 
sale  of  clinic  tickets,  $1,540.  The  total  number  of  patients  treated 
was  5,194,  of  whom  508  died,  2,252  were  discharged  recovered,  and 
th?re  were  121  births.  The  current  expenses  were  $104,795. 
The  finishing  and  furnishing  of  the  hospital  throughout  are  of  a  supe- 
rior order,  and  in  its  elegant  and  strikingly  diversified  style  of  archi- 
tecture, and  the  perfection  of  its  sanitary  arrangements  and  appli- 
ances, it  is  unsurpassed  by  any  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  country 
— perhaps  in  the  world.  W.  J.  McGarigel  is  warden ;  Miss  M.  E. 
Hempel,  matron  of  the  Training  School  for  nurses,  is  head  nurse. 
The  resident  staff  of  physicians  and  surgeons  is  supplemented  by  the 
faculties  of  the  medical  colleges. 

The  Washingtonian  Home  had  its  origin  in  a  movement  instituted 
by  the  Good  Templar  lodges  in  Cook  County.  In  1863  they  secured 
from  their  grand  lodge  a  donation  of  their  fees  and  dues  for  the  suc- 
ceeding year,  as  the  nucleus 
of  a  fund  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  reformatory  for  in- 
ebriates. In  the  following 
January  the  Washingtonian 
Home  Association  was  organ- 
ized and  incorporated.  A 
building  at  547  State  Street 
was  occupied  for  about  a  year, 
when  the  property  at  566  to 
572  West  Madison  Street, 
known  as  the  Union  Park 
Hotel,  and  previous  to  that 
noted  as  the  Bull's  Head 
Tavern,  was  purchased  for 
$10,000.  In  1867  a  special 
charter  was  obtained  from  the  legislature,  giving  the  Home  ten  per 
cent  of  the  revenues  of  the  city  from  licenses  for  the  sale  of  intox- 
icating liquors.  To  the  income  derived  from  this  source  was  added  a 
bequest  of  $19,000  from  Jonathan  Burr,  and  by  January,  1875,  the 
directors  found  their  treasury  in  a  condition  to  justify  the  erection 
of  the  present  spacious  building  on  the  site  then  occupied  by  the 
Home.  This  building  is  an  imposing  structure  of  four  stories,  with 
mansard  and  basement,  and  has  a  front  of  106  feet  on  Madison 
Street.  It  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $56,489,  and  the  furnishing  cost 


THE  WASHINGTONIAN  HOME. 


116  MARQUIS'  HANDBOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

over  $6,000.  It  contains  sleeping  rooms  for  111  persons,  convales- 
cent and  amusement  rooms,  padded  rooms  for  patients  with  deli- 
rium, chapel,  hospital  and  well  arranged  laundry  and  culinary  depart- 
ments. Free  patients  are  received  in  certain  cases,  but  tho  majority 
are  expected  to  pay  a  small  charge  for  board  and  attendance.  The 
number  of  admissions  in '1883  was  927,  and  the  total  number  since 
the  Home  was  opened  is  6,120.  There  is  a  board  of  thirty  directors 
and  a  staff  of  six  physicians.  Daniel  Wilkins,  A.  M.,  is  superintendent. 

The  Martha  Washington  Home  is  a  supplementary  institution  to 
the  Washiugtonian  Home,  established  by  the  association  for  the  ref- 
ormation of  inebriate  women.  It  is  under  the  same  control  and  is 
similarly  organized  and  managed.  It  occupies  the  handsome  build- 
ings and  grounds  of  the  old  military  school  on  Graceland  Avenue, 
which  were  purchased  and  refitted  for  the  purpose  at  a  cost  of  $15,- 
829.24,  and  was  formally  opened  in  July,  1882.  A  total  of  146 
inmates  had  been  received  at  the  beginning  of  1884.  Miss  M.  M. 
Gray  is  the  mat'ron. 

St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  Nos.  3  and  5  Douglas  Place,  was 
founded  in  1864,  and  after  many  removals  was  finally  established  in 
its  present  permanent  and  beautiful  home.  The  building  is  a  five- 
story  brick,  with  basement  and  two  wings,  one  of  three  stories  and  the 
other  of  four.  It  has  accommodations  for  250  children,  and  an  aver- 
age attendance  of  220.  Its  object  is  the  care  of  destitute  children, 
and  their  proper  education.  Boys  are  taken  from  four  to  eight  years 
of  age,  and  transferred  to  the  Christian  Brothers  at  Feehanville,  where 
they  are  provided  for.  Girls  are  received  during  the  same  age,  and 
are  kept  until  homes  are  secured  for  them,  or  may  remain  in  the  insti- 
tution if  they  prefer.  The  asylum  is  maintained  by  a  monthly  allow- 
ance from  the  ecclesiastical  government.  It  is  managed  by  the  Sisters 
of  St.  Joseph.  The  property  is  valued  at  about  $60,000,  and  the 
annual  expenditiares  are  about  $9,000.  The  average  number  of  in- 
mates annually  is  about  600. 

Saint  Vincent's  Infant  Asylum  of  Chicago,  formerly  known  as 
Saint  Vincent's  Foundling  Asylum  and  Lying-in-Hospital,  is  located  at 
191  LaSalle  Avenue,  and  was  established  in  July,  1882.  It  has  room 
for  about  fifty  children,  and  admits  children,  including  foundlings, 
under  the  age  of  six  years.  Some  of  these  are  boarded  at  the  asylum 
by  their  parents,  and  others  are  brought  in  by  the  police  and  chari- 
table persons.  The  institution  is  supported  by  donations  and  what  is 
paid  by  parents  and  friends  of  inmates.  The  number  of  children 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


117 


cared  for  in  1883  was  370,  and  the  expenditures  amounted  to  $6,554. 
At  six  years  of  age  the  children  are  given  to  persons  who  adopt  them, 
or  otherwise  placed  where  their  future  will  be  properly  cared  for. 
Sister  M.  Julia  is  the  Mother  Superior. 

The  Chicago  Nursery  and  Half-Orphan  Asylum  is  located  in  a 
three  story  brick  building  at  855  North  Hulsted  Street.  It  contains 
school-rooms,  play -rooms,  nurseries,  hospitals,  bath-rooms,  dormito- 
ries, etc.  The  asylum  was'  opened  in  1800  for  the  care  of  children  of 
poor  women,  while  the  mothers  are  seeking  or  actually  engaged  in 


THE  CHICAGO  NURSERY  AND  HALF-ORPHAN  ASYLUM. 

employment.  The  plan  was  afterward  extended  so  as  to  include  the 
care  and  maintenance  of  children  deprived  of  either  parent.  A  small 
house  was  secured,  and  parents  were  permitted  to  bring  their  children 
in  the  morning  and  take  them  away  at  night,  paying  five  cents  per  day 
for  each  child.  The  charge  is  now  gauged  by  the  wages  earned  by  the 
parents.  The  present  building  was  erected  in  1870.  There  is  a  day 
school  with  an  average  attendance  of  eighty-six,  and  vocal  music  is 
made  a  specialty.  The  average  family  is  about  140.  There  is  a  board 
of  trustees,  and  a  board  of  managers  consisting  of  thirty-eight  ladies. 
Mrs.  C.  M.  Blanchard  is  matron. 


118  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  German  Society  extends  a  helping  hand  to  German  immi- 
grants, principally  in  aiding  them  to  secure  employment,  and  provid- 
ing temporary  support.  It  also  aids  poor  German  residents,  especially 
widows  and  orphans  and  the  sick.  Employment  was  obtained  for  over 
5,000  persons  during  1883  ;  assistance  and  advice  were  given  to 
nearly  4,000  others.  The  society  was  organized  in  May,  1854,  and 
Avas  first  known  as  the  "  Deutche  Gesellschaft  von  Chicago."  It  expe- 
rienced two  or  three  changes  in  name,  and  was  finally  reincorporated 
under  the  present  title  Dec.  5,  1883.  The  new  charter  was  procured 
to  enable  the  society  to  hold  land  which  had  previously  been  donated 
and  was  held  in  trust  for  its  use.  Its  income  is  derived  from  invested 
funds  of  $12,000,  dues  from  members,  and  from  contributions.  The 
German  Ladies'  Society  was  instituted  by  this  organization,  and  works 
in  co-operation  with  it.  The  management  of  the  German  Society  is 
vested  in  a  board  of  fifteen  directors.  The  office  of  the  society  is  at 
49  LaSalle  Street.  William  A.  Hettrich  is  President ;  Max  Eberhardt, 
9  South  Canal  Street,  Secretary  ;  Conrad  L.  Niehoff,  Treasurer. 

The  German  Ladies'  Society  was  organized  in  1878  as  the  Ladies' 
Club  of  the  German  Society,  but  has  since  become  measurably  an  in- 
dependent organization,  with  its  own  officers,  directors  and  committees, 
all  composed  of  German  ladies.  It  continues  to  co-operate  in  the 
work  of  the  German  Society,  but  its  main  object  is  to  erect  a  home  for 
old,  helpless  and  needy  Germans,  toward  which  end  it  is  accumulating 
a  fund  from  contributions,  the  proceeds  of  festivals,  picnics  and  other 
entertainments.  The  office  is  at  49  LaSalle  Street. 

The  Erring  Woman's  Refuge  was  organized  in  1863  for  the  relief, 
protection,  care,  and  reformation  of  such  erring  women  as  may  volun- 
tarily place  themselves  under  its  care,  or  may  be  so  placed  bj  any  law- 
ful authority.  Work  was  started  in  a  little  cottage  in  the  North  Divis- 
ion, and  then  a  somewhat  larger  building  was  obtained  on  the  Souta 
Side.  In  1865  the  managers  purchased  a  building  on  the  corner  of 
Indiana  Avenue  and  Thirty-first  Street,  where  the  institution  is  now 
located.  The  present  building  was  erected  and  occupied  in  the  winter 
of  1876.  It  will  accommodate  about  forty  persons,  besides  officials 
and  attendants.  The  value  of  the  property  of  the  society  is  about 
$40,000,  and  there  is  an  endowment  by  bequest  of  the  late  Jonathan 
Burr  amounting  to  $21.261.  The  annual  receipts  and  expenditures 
each  aggregate  about  $8,000.  The  sum  of  $2,234  was  received  in 
1883  from  the  work  of  inmates;  $721  from  city  tines,  and  $4.359 
from  rents  and  interest.  The  total  number  of  women  received  into 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


110 


the  Refuge  .for  that  year  was  119,  and  the  average  cared  for  during  the 
year  was  fifty-three  and  one-half.  About  1,100  women,  mostly  under 
twenty  years  of  age,  have  been  under  the  care  of  the  institution, 
which  provides  for  the  inmates  for  two  years,  and  secures  suitable 
means  of  support  for  the  worthy  on  leaving.  Its  affairs  are  directed 
by  a  board  of  thirty-nine  lady  managers.  Mrs.  Helen  Mercy  Woods  is 
superintendent. 

The  United  States  Marine  Hospital,  on  the  lake  shore,  six  miles 
north  of  the  city,  succeeded  a  smaller  marine  hospital  which  stood 
near  the  Eush  Street  bridge  for  nearly  twenty  years.  The  area  of  the 


UNITED  STATES  MARINE  HOSPITAL. 

grounds  is  about  ten  acres  and  the  building  is  a  handsome  frnar-story 
granite  structure,  300x75  feet,  with  a  basement,  having  accommodations 
for  150  patients,  the  average  number  cared  for  being  about  sixty-four. 
It  is  the  largest  hospital  of  the  kind 'in  the  country,  and  cost  complete, 
$150.000,  being  provided  with  every  modern  improvement  in  arrange- 
ment and  equipment.  It  has  a  dispensary  from  which  over  3,000  pa- 
tients are  treated  annually,  the  large  majority  being  outside  applicants 
for  medical  aid.  The  maintenance  of  the  hospital  is  provided  for  by 
a  tax  on  the  tonnage  of  all  vessels.  All  American  seamen  are  entitled 
to  admission  free  of  charge,  and  foreigners  upon  the  payment  of  a  small 
sum.  T.  W.  Miller,  M.  D.,  is  surgeon  in  charge.  Applicants  can  be  exam- 
ined at  the  city  office,  Room  20,  Post-office  building,  Chicago. 


120  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Presbyterian  Hospital  affords  medical  and  surgical  aid  and  nurs- 
ing to  sick  and  disabled  persons,  of  every  creed  and  nationality.  The 
building  adjoins  Kush  Medical  College  on  Wood  Street,  and  forms  two 
wings  of  the  hospital  as  it  will  be  when  fully  completed.  It  is  four  and 
a  half  stories  in  height,  and  of  red  pressed  brick  with  stone  trimmings. 
Internally  it  is  provided  with  every  modern  convenience  for  serving 
the  needs  and  comfort  of  the  sick.  Over  $45,000  (wholly  contributions) 
were  expended  in  erecting  and  furnishing  the  building.  At  present  all 
inmates  are  required  to  pay  for  board  and  treatment,  but  free  beds 
for  the  worthy  indigent  will  be  added  as  soon  as  practical.  Kooms  are 
also  provided  for  private  patients.  The  hospital  was  opened  Aug.  20, 
1884,  and  a  total  of  twenty-seven  patients  had  been  admitted  Oct.  1. 
of  the  same  year.  The  total  capacity  of  the  portion  of  the  hospital 
already  completed  is  eighty  beds.  The  nursing  is  under  the  direction 
of  a  graduate  of  the  Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses,  and  a  board  of 
twenty-eight  managers  direct  the  affairs  of  the  institution.  Dr.  E.  P. 
Davis  is  the  resident  physician. 

Cook  County  Insane  Asylum  is  located  on  the  county  poor  farm. 
The  insane  were  formerly  sent  to  the  Infirmary,  but  in  1870  the  pres- 
ent structure  was  erected  near  the  Infirmary,  for  that  class  of  patients, 
and  in  1873  it  was  e-nlarged.  It  now  has  accommodations  for  400 
inmates,  but  an  average  of  about  GOO  is  crowded  into  it  and  a  new 
building  is  now  being  erected.  Of  the  inmates  only  seventy-two  are 
native  born.  Over  fifty-three  per  cent  are  females.  Forty-eight  per 
cent  of  the  insanity  is  due  to  inherited  and  fifty-two  to  acquired 
defects.  Henry  Varnell  is  warden,  and  James  G.  Kernan,  M.  D.,  med- 
ical superintendent. 

The  Chicago  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  2813  Groveland  Park  Avenue, 
was  incorporated  in  1882.  It  furnishes  gratuitous  advice  and  medi- 
cine to  the  poor,  afflicted  with  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  and  alsc? 
cares  for  those  who  are  able  to  pay  for  this  class  of  treatment ;  and 
gives  clinical  instruction  to  students  in  those  branches  of  practice.  It 
is  sustained  partly  by  fees  from  patients  who  are  able  to  pay,  and  by 
voluntary  contributions,  but  mainly  by  the  manager,  Dr.  0.  H.  Yilas. 

Hahnemann  Hospital,  2813  Groveland  Park  Avenue,  is  the  clinical 
annex  to  Hahnemann  Medical  College.  After  the  fire  of  1871  it 
received  $15,000  from  the  Chicago  Belief  and  Aid  Society,  and  was 
opened  to  the  public  in  a  separate  and  suitable  building.  The  amphi- 
theater was  burned  Oct.  21,  1883,  and  a  new  and  commodious  struct 
Ture  is  in  course  of  construction  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  avenue. 


MARQUIS'  BAXD-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO.  121 

Cook  County  Infirmary  is  located  twelve  miles  from  the  city  on  the 
county  poor  farm,  a  tract  of  100  acres  of  fine  y-cultivated  land  in  Nor- 
wood Park  Township,  on  which  is  also  the  Cook  County  Insane  Asylum. 
There  are  nine  buildings  arranged  in  a  semi-circular  group,  and  con- 
nected by  corridors.  The  building  allotted  to  the  administrative 
department  is  48  by  52  feet ;  and  there  are  four  dormitories  each  32 
by  120  feet,  besides  hospitals  and  dining-rooms.  These  structures  are 
of  brick,  in  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture,  with  interior  finish  of 
natural  oak.  They  were  completed  in  1882,  at  a  cost,  including  fur- 
niture, of  $183,000,  and  have  capacity  for  1,000  patients.  The 
average  number  of  inmates  is  700,  and  the  total  number  admitted 
annually  is  about  1,700.  The  institution  is  reached  from  the  Madison 
Street  depot  of  the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  R.  E.  J.  C.  L.  Frey  is  warden,  and 
Dr.  G.  A.  Hoffman,  physician  in  charge. 

Bennett  Hospital  is  a  four-story  brick  building  in  the  rear  of  Ben- 
nett Medical  College.  Each  floor  is  divided  into  four  wards,  and  there 
are  accommodations  for  fifty  patients,  twenty  being  the  average  num- 
ber of  inmates.  The  hospital  is  owned  and  managed  by  the  college. 

The  American  Humane  Association  is  an  organization  of  consid- 
erable importance  at  this  great  center  of  the  live  stock  trade.  It  is 
national  in  character,  and  was  organized  in  October,  1877.  It  is  inti- 
mately associated  with  various  local  and  state  humane  societies 
throughout  the  country,  and  aims  to  secure  humane  treatment  to 
live  stock  while  in  transit.  Its  work  has  so  far  been  almost  entirely 
directed  toward  securing  improvement  in  transporting  cattle  on  rail- 
road trains,  and  it  has  succeeded  in  causing  improved  cattle  cars  to  be 
placed  upon  many  of  the  railroads,  so  that  cattle  are  now  fed  and 
watered  while  en  route,  and  consequently  make  the  journey  with  less 
suffering  than  was  formerly  the  case.  The  society  meets  annually  at 
such  time  and  place  as  may  be  designated  by  the  body  in  session. 
Edwin  Lee  Brown,  Clinton  Street,  corner  Jackson,  is  president. 

The  Relief  Works  were  organized  and  incorporated  in  1883,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Society  for  Ethical  Culture.  The  purpose  is  to 
furnish  trained  nurses  to  act  in  connection  with  the  free  dispensaries, 
and  visit  the  sick  who  apply  to  the  dispensaries  for  medicine.  These 
nurses  made  during  the  first  year  a  total  of  1,773  visits.  A  Ladies 
Auxiliary  Union  was  also  organized  for  the  purpose  of  providing  cloth- 
ing for  distribution  by  the  nurses,  and  a  large  quantity  was  thus  dis- 
tributed during  the  year.  "W.  M.  Salter,  No.  83  Madison  Street,  Hershey 
Music  Hall,  is  president. 


122  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  United  States  Life  Saving  Station,  shown  in  the  illustration  on 
the  opposite  page,  is  located  on  a  strip  of  land  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Chicago  Kiver,  known  as  Illinois  Central  Eailroad  Pier  No.  1.  It  i-s 
accessible  by  the  viaduct  at  the  foot  of  Kandolph  Street.  It  was  estab- 
lished in  1875  simply  as  a  life-boat  station,  by  a  volunteer  crew  whose 
support  was  derived  from  an  allowance,  by  the  government,  of  $10  for 
each  life  saved.  The  volunteer  service  was  supplanted  in  1878  by  a 
paid  crew,  under  the  maintenance  of  the  general  government.  A  new 
station  was  built  and  all  the  modern  appliances  for  saving  lives  have 
been  introduced.  The  crew  consists  of  a  keeper  and  eight  men.  One 
man  is  kept  on  watch  day  and  night,  and  during  foggy  or  stormy 
weather  two  men  patrol  the  beach  for  four  miles  in  either  direction 
from  the  station.  The  station  is  kept  open  during  nine  months  of  the 
year,  beginning  with  the  first  day  of  April  and  continuing  till  the  last 
day  of  December. 

The  American  Association  of  the  Red  Cross  was  founded  upon 
the  "  Geneva  Treaty"  of  1864,  and  has  for  its  object  the  relief  of  suf- 
ferers from  Avar,  pestilence,  famine  and  other  national  calamities.  It 
operates,  with  its  auxiliaries,  under  the  provisions  of  the  Geneva  treaty, 
which  has  been  signed  by  all  the  great  nations  of  the  earth,  President 
Arthur  signing  for  the  United  States  in  1882.  The  association  has 
accomplished  an  untold  amount  of  good  in  the  judicious  distribution 
of  the  vast  sums  of  money  and  supplies  which  have  been  voluntarily 
contributed  for  its  disposal  in  the  hours  of  great  national  or  "provi- 
dential" calamities.  The  Central  organization,  Clara  Barton,  presi- 
dent, at  Washington  City,  is  under  the  immediate  control  of  the  high- 
est government  officials,  the  President  of  the  United  States  being 
president  of  the  Board  of  Consultation.  The  Chicago  Branch  was 
organized  in  1882,  and  has  its  headquarters  at  Room  1,  Central  Music 
Hall  Building.  It  did  a  noble  work  in  sending  supplies  to  the  recent 
Ohio  and  Mississippi  River  flood  sufferers.  Rev.  E.  I.  Galvin  is  super- 
intendent. Mrs.  Mary  Weeks  Burnett,  M.  D.,  is  secretary. 

The  Prisoners'  Aid  Association  of  Illinois  is  an  outgrowth  of  the 
Prisoners'  Aid  Association  of  Chicago.  Its  efforts  are  mainly  devoted 
to  the  improvement  of  prison  influences  and  the  reformation  and 
assistance  of  discharged  prisoners.  A  recent  report  shows  that  448 
persons  were  furnished  with  employment,  or  otherwise  aided,  during 
the  year.  The  Chicago  association,  which  was  incorporated  Feb.  21> 
1882,  was  changed  to  a  state  organization  in  March,  1884.  There  are 
now  about  150  members.  J.  W.  Plummer,  52  East  Lake  Street,  secretary. 


124  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Western  Seamen's  Friend  Society  was  organized  Nov.  10, 
1830,  to  promote  the  spiritual  and  temporal  welfare  of  seamen  and 
boatmen  and  their  families  on  the  western  lakes  and  rivers.  It  is  the 
oldest  charitable  organization  in  the  city,  and  is  the  parent  society  of 
the  chain  of  local  organizations  which  constitute  the  Bethel  Mission 
system  of  the  west,  still  maintaining  an  active  interest  and  participa- 
tion in  their  work.  The  supply  of  missionary  service  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  Bethel  homes  and  schools  at  suitable  points  is  encouraged 
an  .1  assisted  ;  current  moral  and  religious  literature  is  circulated  ;  the 
Scriptures  are  distributed  ;  shops  and  prisons  visited  and  appropriate 
books  and  papers  placed  in  the  hands  of  inmates ;  a  gospel  ship  is 
maintained  to  organize  Sunday  schools  and  hold  religious  services  iu 
isolated  neighborhoods  on  the  islands  and  along  the  shores  of  the 
lakes  ;  and  all  other  efficient  and  available  agencies  employed  in  pro- 
moting the  mission  of  the  society.  Its  atfairs  are  under  the  manage- 
ment of  a  -board  of  directors.  B.  Frankland,  32  North  Desplaines 
Street,  is  general  superintendent. 

The  Chicago  Bethel,  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Randolph  and  Des- 
plaines Streets,  embraces  the  "  Mariner's  House  "  of  the  Western  Sea- 
men's Friend  Society,  the  Bethel  department  for  transient  meals  and 
lodgings,  and  the  Bethel  mission  and  school.  The  Mariner's  House  is 
for  the  better  class  of  seafaring  men  and  others  Avho  desire  a  quiet 
home.  The  Bethel  department  furnishes  meals  and  lodging  to  tran- 
sients at  nominal  prices,  or  free  to  the  really  needy  on  proper  recom- 
mendation, and  fully  18,000  men  are  received  in  this  department 
annually.  The  Bethel  school  has  an  enrollment  of  about  300,  and  an 
average  attendance  of  175.  The  nightly  gospel  meetings  are  well 
attended.  The  relief  department  distributes  1,600  articles  in  an 
average  year.  The  annual  expenditures  in  the  Chicago  district  amount 
to  over  $6,000,  part  of  which  is  met  by  contributions  and  part  by 
receipts  from  the  business  of  the  Home.  The  Bethel  is  under  a  heavy 
debt,  which  it  is  gradually  reducing. 

The  Illinois  Humane  Society,  organized  in  1870  for  the  prevention 
of  cruelty  to  children  and  animals,  is  one  of  the  most  important 
agencies  in  the  city  for  the  relief  and  prevention  of  suffering.  It  pays 
special  attention  to  educating  children  in  the  law  of  kindness,  seeking 
thus  to  rear  a  humane  generation.  This  work  is  prosecuted  in  the 
public  schools,  and  1,065  ''Bands  of  Mercy  "have  been  organized, 
with  67,120  members.  A  recent  report  of  the  outside  work  shows 
that  2,632  cases  were  investigated  during  the  year,  and  1,467  children 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK   OF  CHICAGO.  125 

looked  after  and  relieved,  251  being  placed  in  charitable  institutions. 
There  were  753  cases  of  cruelty  to  animals,  432  teamsters  repri- 
manded, 251  prosecutions,  resulting  in  fines  aggregating  $3,512,  and 
273  horses  laid  up  from  work,  187  abandoned  horses  killed,  and  ninety- 
six  removed  by  ambulance.  Eight  inebriates  were  sent  to  the  "Washing- 
toniau  Home.  The  society  is  supported  by  contributions  from  the 
public.  The  directors  include  some  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Chicago. 
John  G.  Shortall  is  president;  Henry  W.  Clarke  is  secretary;  O.  L. 
Dudley  is  chief  of  special  agents.  Office,  113  Adams  Street. 

The  Woman's  Christian  Association  aims  to  promote  the  general 
welfare  of  women,  especially  such  as  are  dependent  oil  their  own  ex- 
ertions for  support.  It  was  incorporated  in  April,  1877,  and  is  located 
at  1516  "\Vabash  Avenue.  The  board  of  managers  consists  of  100 
ladies  from  the  various  churches.  It  is  supported  in  part  from  its  own 
earnings,  and  in  part  by  membership  fees  and  private  subscriptions. 
It  affords  a  boarding-house  for  yoiing  women,  and  has  an  employment 
bureau  for  women  seeking  situations,  or  others  desiring  female  help. 
About  a  thousand  young  girls  have  been  sheltered  under  its  roof.  The 
building  provides  ample  accommodations  for  fifty  inmates.  A  free  dis- 
pensary for  women  and  children  at  182  Dearborn  Street  is  also  con- 
ducted by  the  association.  The  library  has  some  450  volumes  and 
600  periodicals.  Flowers,  reading  matter,  childrens'  toys,  etc.,  are 
distributed  in  the  county  hospital  weekly,  and  papers  and  tracts 
among  the  inmates  of  the  jail. 

The  House  of  Providence  adjoins  Mercy  Hospital,  on  the  corner  of 
Calumet  Avenue  and  Twenty-sixth  Street.  It  affords  a  home  for  dis- 
tressed women  of  good  character,  and  young  girls  out  of  employment. 
It  is  sustained  by  those  of  the  inmates  who  are  able  to  pay  from  two  to 
three  and  a  half  dollars  a  week  for  their  board.  No  one  having  a  good 
character  is  refused  admission.  The  building  is  of  brick,  with  three 
stories  and  basement,  and  has  capacity  for  fifty  to  sixty  persons.  The 
property  belongs  to  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,  and  is  managed  by  two  from 
that  order. 

The  Charity  Organization  Society  was  organized  in  November, 
1883,  to  help  the  able-bodied  poor  to  be  self-sustaining,  reclaim  the 
pauperized  poor,  stop  street-begging  and  prevent  imposition  and  fraud. 
It  has  established  the  Provident  wood-yard  at  305  North  Clark  Street, 
where  the  hungry  may  always  earn  a  meal,  if  able  to  Avork.  The 
main  office  is  at  Room  14,  129  Dearborn  Street,  and  branch  offices  are 
located  at  430  North  Clark  Street  and  2207  Michigan  Avenue. 


126  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  United  Hebrew  Relief  Association  of  Chicago  was  established 
in  1859,  to  assist  the  needy  of  the  Hebrew  faith,  to  make  them  self- 
sustaining,  to  see  that  no  children  grow  up  to  be  paupers,  and  to  pro- 
vide hospital  facilities  for  the  sick  and  disabled.  The  association  is 
the  result  of  the  amalgamation  of  several  Hebrew  relief  societies  which 
existed  prior  to  1859.  It  manages  and  supports  the  Michael  Eeese 
Hospital.  Over  5,000  persons  receive  assistance  annually.  A  list  of 
regular  beneficiaries  is  kept,  and  aid  extended  monthly  as  needed. 
Residents  and  strangers  are  alike  assisted,  shoes  and  clothing  distrib- 
uted, and  transportation  furnished  where  advisable.  About  $10,000 
are  annually  disbursed  in  this  work.  The  office  is  located  at  No.  200 
LaSalle  Stree^.  Isaac  Greensf elder  is  president. 

The  Deaconess  Institute  and  Hospital  of  the  Swedish  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church  was  organized  in  1882  as  a  charitable  institution. 
In  May,  1884,  hospital  work  was  taken  up  with  the  view  of  forming 
the  nucleus  of  an  establishment  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  denomina- 
tion in  the  northwest.  It  occupies  a  small  building  at  151  Lincoln 
Avenue,  with  beds  for  fifteen  persons,  and  is  maintained  by  the  St. 
Augustine  Synod  of  the  Northwest.  C.  B.  L.  Boman  is  secretary. 

The  Central  Free  Dispensary  occupies  the  whole  of  the  first  floor  of 
Hush  Medical  College,  corner  of  Harrison  and  Wood  Streets.  The 
rooms  are  elegantly  fitted  up  and  provided  with  every  convenience  for 
treatment  of  patients  and  for  clinical  instruction,  which  is  here  given 
to  the  students  of  the  college.  The  Dispensary  has  been  in  active 
operation  at  its  present  location  since  the  fall  of  1876.  It  is  the  result 
of  the  union  of  two  dispensaries — the  "Brainard"  and  the  "Herrick." 
It  is  sustained  by  the  interest  of  a  fund  donated  by  the  Chicago  Relief 
and  Aid  Society  shortly  after  the  great  fire,  by  a  small  annuity  from 
Cook  County,  and  by  voluntary  contributions.  It  also  receives  the 
income  from  a  fund  of  which  the  trustees  of  the  college  are  custodians, 
and  wrhich  was  bequeathed  by  a  wealthy  and  kind-hearted  Scotchman, 
John  Phillips,  deceased,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  and  maintain- 
ing a  free  dispensary  in  West  Chicago.  About  twenty  thousand  patients 
receive  treatment  yearly.  The  dispensary  is  open  every  day  except 
Sunday.  A  staff  of  attending  and  visiting  physicians  is  provided. 

The  South  Side  Free  Dispensary  is  one  of  the  oldest  institutions  of 
the  kind  in  Chicago.  It  has  been  in  existence  about  a  quarter  of  a 
century.  It  Avas  for  a  time  a  part  of  Mercy  Hospital,  under  the  name  of 
the  Davis  Free  Dispensary,  but  is  now  located  at  the  corner  of  Twenty- 
sixth  Street  and  Prni-ri»  A^^^ue.  Oi^e  of  its  features  is  a  provision  for 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  127 

visit 'ng  those  who  are  unable  to  come  to  the  dispensary.  For  this 
purpose  the  South  Side  is  divided  into  twelve  districts,  each  of  which 
is  assigned  to  a  graduated  physician  who  gives  his  services  free.  Over 
8,500  prescriptions  are  filled  annually,  and  about  3,000  visits  made  to 
patients  at  their  homes. 

The  Central  Homoeopathic  Free  Dispensary  was  organized  in  187G, 
by  the  ladies,  wives  and  friends  of  the  faculty  of  the  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College,  and  is  located  in  the  college  building  on  the  corner  of 
Wood  and  York  Streets.  It  is  virtually  a  part  of  the  college.  It  fur- 
nishes medicines  and  surgical  assistance  free  to  the  poor,  and  attends 
to  obstetric  cases  gratis.  It  is  sustained  by.  subscriptions  and  the  pro- 
ceeds of  entertainments.  The  noted  ''butterfly  ball"  netted  $5,000. 
It  has  an  average  of  about  one  hundred  applicants  a  day  for  relief. 

Hahnemann  Hospital  Dispensary  was  organized  in  May,  1859.  Its 
several  departments,  medical  and  surgical,  are  in  the  charge  of  the  fac- 
ulty of  Hahnemann  Medical  College.  Its  location  is  in  the  hospital 
building,  2813  Groveland  Avenue,  and  it  is  open  every  day  except 
Sundays.  It  averages  30,000  gratuitous  prescriptions  annually.  It  is 
supported  by  voluntary  contributions  and  from  the  treasury  of  the 
hospital. 

The  West  Side  Free  Dispensary  was  established  and  incorporated 
Sept.  9,  1881,  as  a  clinical  annex  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, and  for  the  gratuitous  treatment  of  the  deserving  poor.  The 
dispensary  is  located  on  the  first  floor  of  the  college,  corner  of  West 
Harrison  and  Honore  Streets,  and  was  opened  to  the  public  in  Novem- 
ber, 1882,  since  which  time  about  7,000  treatments  have  been  given, 
and  over  10,000  prescriptions  filled. 

The  Bennett  Free  Dispensary  is  at  Bennett  Medical  College,  511 
State  Street,  and  is  under  the  management  of  the  officers  of  the  college. 
It  is  open  from  1:  30  to  3  P.  M.  daily,  except  Sundays. 

The  Police  and  Firemen's  Relief  Fund  is  under  the  control  of  a 
board  of  trustees  consisting  of  the  mayor,  the  chief  of  police,  the  chief 
of  the  fire  department,  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on  police,  city 
comptroller,  the  city  treasurer,  and  the  committee  on  fire  and  water  of 
the  City  Coiincil.  The  fund  is  provided  under  a  special  act  of  the  state 
legislature,  from  certain  specific  taxes,  fines,  etc.,  and  from  the  two 
dollars'  initiation  fee  and  an  annual  assessment  of  $3  from  each  mem- 
ber of  the  police  and  fire  departments.  The  fund  is  for  the  relief  of 
all  disabled  members  of  the  two  departments  named.- 

The  Chicago  Exchange  for  Women's  Work,  popularly  known  as  the 


128  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

"  Women's  Exchange,"  was  organized  March  1,  1879.  It  is  benevolent 
in  intent,  its  object  being  to  provide  a  depot  for  the  reception  and  sale 
of  any  marketable  article  a  woman  can  make  in  her  own  home,  or  any 
valuable  article  her  necessities  oblige  her  to  dispose  of,  thereby  assist- 
ing needy  women  to  turn  to  personal  profit  whatever  useful  talent  they 
may  possess.  The  "  Exchange  "  is  conveniently  located  at  219  Wabash 
Avenue.  In  addition  to  the  sales  department,  there  is  a  restaurant  sup- 
plied with  home-made  and  home-cooked  food.  There  is  also  a  school 
under  the  charge  of  Mrs.  J.  S.  Robinson,  devoted  to  instruction  in 
embroidery  and  various  kinds  of  needle-work.  There  were  11,839 
articles,  of  a  total  value  of  o^ver  $12.000,  sold  at  the  exchange  during 
the  year  1883.  Any  person  stibscribing  $5,  may  become  a  member  of 
the  association.  Each  depositor  of  articles  for  sale  is  required  to  pay 
an  annual  fee  of  $1  and  a  commission  of  10  per  cent  on  all  sales.  There 
are  now  nearly  250  subscribing  members  of  the  association. 

The  Societa  Operaia  Italiana  was  founded  by  Italian  mechanics  and 
laborers,  to  educate  their  children,  paying  the  expenses  out  of  the  soci- 
ety funds  when- necessary.  It  also  helps  needy  Italians  in  this  country, 
principally  by  obtaining  work  for  them,  and  especially  aims  to  disabuse 
Americans  of  the  idea  that  Italians  are  a  class  of  mendicants,  and  invokes 
Italian  organ  grinders  and  beggars  to  abandon  their  lazy  employment. 
A  weekly  allowance  of  $5  is  made  to  a  sick  member,  and  at  death  $100 
is  paid  to  the  widow.  The  society  was  organized  Sept.  18,  1881,  and 
incorporated  Feb.  24,  1882.  The  membership  is  about  100.  Meetings 
are  held  monthly  at  54  Lake  Street.  S.  G.  Meli  is  president. 

The  Deak  Verein  is  a  Hungarian  benevolent  society,  whose  meetings 
are  held  monthly  at  the  office  of  the  Hebrew  Relief  and  Aid  Association 
Room  5,  No.  200  LaSalle  Street.  It  assists  needy  Hungarians  in  all  parts 
of  the  world.  It  sent  $700  to  the  flood  sufferers  of  Hungary  in  1883, 
and  aided  indigent  Hungarians  to  the  extent  of  $1,000. 

The.  Schweitzer  Benevolent  Association  has  sixty  members,  all 
natives  of  Switzerland.  It  was  organized  in  1872,  chiefly  for  the  relief 
of  distressed  Swiss  immigrants,  but  also  to  provide  for  destitute  Swiss 
people  living  in  this  country.  The  Swiss  republic  and  several  of  the 
Swiss  cantons  aid  it  with  an  annual  donation.  Regular  meetings  are 
held  monthly  at  Uhlich's  Hall.  L.  Boerlin,  Swiss  Consul,  is  president; 
Alfred  Bucher,  168  Market  Street,  is  secretary. 

St.  George's  Benevolent  Association  is  one  of  the  oldest  benevolent 
organizations  in  the  city,  and  its  good  work  has  been  widely  felt.  It 
gives  advice  to  English  immigrants,  and  grants  relief  to  persons  of  En- 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  129 

glish  parentage,  not  members  of  the  association,  who  are  of  good  moral 
character.  It  visits  the  sick,  buries  the  dead  and  cares  for  the  widows 
and  orphans  of  deceased  members,  and  performs  other  mutual  offices  of 
benevolence.  There  are  about  300  members  enrolled.  Meetings  are 
held  monthly  at  the  Sherman  House. 

The  Scandinavian  Emigrant  Relief  Society  was  organized  May  5, 
1881,  to  look  after  the  interests  of  Scandinavian  immigrants,  and  give 
them  such  information  and  assistance  as  they  may  require.  The  office 
is  at  No.  183  North  Peoria  Street,  where  an  agent  of  the  society  is  ready 
to  respond  to  calls.  0.  L.  Stangeland,  239  West  Erie  Street,  president. 

The  Svea  Society  is  a  Swedish  organization,  dating  from  Jan.  22, 
1857.  It  is  devoted  to  literary  and  benevolent  objects.  It  occupies  a 
suite  of  rooms  at  the  corner  of  Chicago  Avenue  and  Larrabee  Street, 
which  include  a  library  with  1,000  volumes,  meeting  room,  etc.  Each 
member  is  entitled  to  $6  per  week  when  sick,  and  upon  death  his  heirs 
receive  $100.  There  are  175  members.  Axel  Chytraus,  Koorn  17,  NQ. 
80  Dearborn  Street,  is  secretary. 

The  Chebra  Kadisha  Ubikur  Cholim  is  a  Jewish  benevolent  organi- 
zation. It  holds  religious  services  on  the  holidays;  relieves  the  sick 
and  gives  deceased  members  ritualistic  burial.  It  was  organized  in 
1861.  Its  monthly  meetings  are  held  on  the  first  Sundays  at  the  corner 
of  Clinton  and  Randolph  Streets. 

The  Western  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  Vice  (Chicago  branch) 
was  organized  in  1878,  since  which  time  its  infhieiice  has  been  largely 
felt.  It  aims  to  secure  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  for  the  suppression 
of  obscene  literature,  illustrations,  advertisements  and  articles  of  inde- 
cent and  immoral  use.  During  the  year  1883  fourteen  dealers  were 
arrested,  with  convictions  and  pleas  of  guilty  in  twelve  cases,  sentences 
to  imprisonment  aggregating  six  years  and  six  months,  and  fines 
amounting  to  over  $1.500.  A  large  quantity  of  obscene  matter  was 
captured.  The  branch  has  a  membership  of  200.  The  office  is  at  6 
Arcade  Court.'  W.  W.  Vanarsdale  is  secretary. 

The  Young  Men's  Hebrew  Charity  Society  has  been  in  existence 
about  three  years.  It  gives  a  "charity  ball"  annually,  the  proceeds  of 
which  are  given  to  the  various  charity  societies  of  the  city,  without 
regard  to  sect.  About  $10.000  have  been  distributed  in  this  way.  Levi 
A.  Eliel,  53  Dearborn  Street,  is  secretary. 

The  Schwaben  Verein  is  a  German  society  of  250  members,  organ- 
ized March  1,  1878,  for  social  and  benevolent  purposes.    It  has  held 
seven  annual  festivals,  which  have  yielded  some  $205000,  out  of  which. 
9 


130  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

about  $3,000  have  been  given  for  charitable  purposes.  These  festivals 
are  usually  held  at  Ogden's  Grove,  in  August  of  each  year.  The  society 
has  had  plans  and  drawings  made,  and  will  erect  a  monument  to  the 
poet  Schiller,  in  Lincoln  Park,  and  at  a  cost  of  $15,000,  for  which 
$3,000  have  already  been  set  aside. 

The  Irish  Catholic  Colonization  Association  of  the  United  States  is 
a  stock  company,  organized  March  17,  1879,  with  a  capital  of  $100,- 
000,  divided  into  400  shares.  It  is  composed  of  prominent  Irish 
Americans,  and  has  for  its  purpose  the  colonization  of  Irish  immi- 
grants in  the  western  states  and  territories.  It  has  been  fairly  success- 
ful in  its  work,  and  has  planted  a  number  of  flourishing  colonies  in  Min- 
nesota, Nebraska  and  Dakota.  The  headquarters  in  Chicago  are  at  the 
office  of  the  vice-president,  W.  J.  Onohan,  City  Hall. 

The  Danish  Veteran  Society  is  composed  of  veterans  who  fought  for 
the  cause  of  Denmark  in  the  Dano- German  wars  of  1848-49-50  and 
1864.  It  extends  a  helping  hand  to  any  member  in  need  of  substan- 
tial aid.  It  was  incorporated  in  1874.  •  . 

The  Society  for  Home  Teaching  of  the  Blind  was  organized  in 
1883  by  a  number  of  young  married  couples.  It  maintains  a  free 
lending  library  for  blind  people  at  No.  4  Arcade  Court.  The  library 
contains  nearly  300  volumes  of  the  choicest  books,  printed  in  raised 
letters,  and  a  large  number  of  blind  persons  go  to  the  rooms  every 
Saturday  afternoon  for  books,  and  to  meet  in  social  converse ;  and  a 
missionary  is  employed  to  teach  the  blind  to  read  at  their  own  homes. 
C.  H.  Adams  is  president  and  H.  H.  Bradley  is  secretary  and  treasurer. 
Mrs.  Victor  Lawson  is  chairman  of  the  board  of  managers. 

Benevolent  and  Mutual  Aid  Societies  not  heretofore  mentioned 
are:  Hotel  Men's  Mutual  Benefit  Association,  organized  in  1879; 
Postoffice  Employes'  Mutual  Aid  Association,  1874 ;  Letter  Carriers' 
Belief  Fund  Association,  187(3 ;  Policemen's  Benevolent  Association, 
18G8  ;  Benevolent  Association  of  the  Paid  Fire  Department,  1863; 
Firemen's  Benevolent  Association,  1847  ;  Mutual  Benefit  and  Aid  Soci- 
ety (German),  1871-74;  First  German  Christian  Aid  Society,  1859; 
Cristoforo  Columbo  Mutual  Aid  Society,  1879  ;  Cambrian  Benevolent 
Society,  1848  ;  Northwestern  Traveling  Men's  Association,  1875  ;  Soci- 
eta  Italiana  Di  Unione  E  Fratellanza,  1868;  German  Mutual  Benefit 
Association,  1875;  Societe  Francaise  De  Secours  Mutuals;  Bavarian 
Verein ;  Deutcher  Krieger  Verein  ;  Chebra  Gemiluth  Ubikur  Cholim. 

The  numerous  secret  and  fraternal  life  assurance  societies  are, 
omitted  from  this  volume  for  want  of  space. 


^He  (SltuW  anb  - 

LITERARY,  SOCIAL,  POLITICAL,  SPORTING,  PLEASURE,  AND  OTHER 
CLUBS  AND  SOCIETIES. 

E  clubs  and  societies  present  numerous  and  varied  features  of  the 
social  side  of  life,  and  afford  an  interesting  field  for  the  study 
of  human  nature,  representing  as  they  do  its  gregarious  elements.  The 
principal  clubs  are  purely  social,  providing  the  enjoyment  of  the 
amenities  of  social  intercourse  for  hours  that  would  otherwise  be  laden 
with  ennui  instead  of  winged  with  refreshment.  Other  associations 
are  devoted  to  the  prosecution  of  some  special  purpose,  either  as  a 
diversion,  or  for  mental  or  physical  exercise  in  some  particular  line,  or 
for  mutual  improvement  or  assistance  in  the  prosecution  of  a  common 
purpose.  Chicago  is  abundantly  supplied  with  all  classes  of  these 
organizations. 

The  Chicago  Literary  Club  is  the  leading  literary  organization  in 
the  city,  and  ranks  among  the  highest  in  the  country.  Its  membership 
includes  some  of  the  brightest  minds  of  the  age,  men  whose  reputations 
are  international,  such  as  Rev.  Robert  Collyer,  Rev.  David  Swing,  Rev. 
R.  A.  Holland,  Prof.  Louis  Dyer,  of  Harvard  University,  Thomas 
Hughes,  M.  P.,  Seymour  Haden,  the  famous  etcher,  Lieut.  Gen.  Sher- 
idan and  others.  The  club  was  organized  April  21,  1874,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  discussing  topics  of  interest  in  essays,  conversations,  etc.  It 
has  a  membership  of  about  200,  probably  one-third  of  the  members 
being  non-residents,  and  occupies  a  fine  suite  of  rooms  on  the  sixth 
floor  of  Portland  Block.  In  addition  to  the  rooms  usually  required  for 
club  purposes;  there  is  an  auditorium  for  the  weekly  discussions  which 
take  place  on  Monday  evenings.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  presidents 
of  the  club  since  its  organization  :  Rev.  Robert  Collyer,  Hon.  Charles  B. 
Lawrence,  Dr.  Hosmer  A.  Johnson,  Daniel  L.  Shorey,  Edward  G.  Mason, 
William  F.  Poole,  Rev.  Brooke  Herford,  Edwin  C.  Larned,  George  How- 
land,  Maj.  Henry  A.  Huntington.  Only  gentlemen  are  admitted  to 
membership.  The  annual  dues  are  $24.  Dr.  Charles  Gilmaii  Smith  is 
president;  Fred  W.  Gookin,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Fortnightly  of  Chicago  is  composed  exclusively  of  women. 


132  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOS:  OF  CHICAGO. 

It  was  organized  by  the  late  Mrs.  Kate  Newell  Doggett,  June  4,  1873, 
for  the  purpose  of  social  and.  intellectual  culture.  The  club  soon  gath- 
ered many  of  the  brightest  intellects  of  Chicago.  It  has  ample  rooms 
in  the  Art  Institute  building,  on  Michigan  Avenue  and  Van  Buren 
Street,  in  which  afternoon  meetings  are  held  semi-monthly,  except 
from  May  to  October.  The  afternoon  meeting  of  the  fourth  Friday  in 
October  is  supplemented  by  a  reception  in  the  evening.  The  member- 
ship is  limited  to  175,  and  there  are  now  140.  The  admission  fee  is 
$10,  and  the  annual  dues  $10.  The  tendency  of  thought,  as  exhibited 
in  the  essays,  is  philosophical  in  the  modern  sense  of  the  word,  and  much 
of  the  work  done  by  the  association  is  of  the  highest  literary  character. 
Mrs.  Mary  H.  Loomis  is  president ;  Mrs.  Helen  S.  Shedd,  secretary ; 
Mrs.  Drusilla  Wilkinson,  treasiirer. 

The  Chicago  Women's  Club  was  founded  by  Mrs.  Caroline  M.  Brown, 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  mutual  sympathy,  counsel  and  united  effort 
toward  the  progress  and  higher  civilization  of  humanity.  It  was  organ- 
ized in  1875,  with  Mrs.  Brown  as  president.  Among  the  practical 
results  of  its  labors  are  the  appointment  of  a  woman  physician  on  the 
medical  staff  of  the  Cook  County  Insane  Asylum,  and  of  a  night  matron 
in  the  woman's  department  of  the  jail,  and  the  support  of  a  charity 
kindergarten  near  the  corner  of  Arnold  and  Butterfield  Streets.  There 
are  classes  in  art  and  literature,  and  efforts  are  being  made  to  establish 
classes  in  kitchen  gardening.  Each  branch  of  the  work  is  placed  in 
charge  of  a  committee.  The  rooms  of  the  club  are  in  the  Art  Institute 
building  at  the  corner  of  Michigan  Avenue  and  Van  Buren  Street. 
Eegular  meetings  are  held  semi-monthly.  Mrs.  Henry  L.  Frank  is 
president ;  Mrs.  Helen  C.  Pierce,  secretary  ;  Mrs.  H.  B.  Stone,  treasurer. 

The  Press  Club  of  Chicago  was  organized  and  incorporated  in  Jan- 
uary, 1880,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  closer  intimacy  among  mem- 
bers of  the  journalistic  profession  in  Chicago,  and  affording  them  a 
place  of  rest  and  recreation  during  their  unemployed  hours.  The  club 
now  has  about  170  members,  and  is  probably  the  only  unmixed  news- 
paper club  in  the  country.  Nobody  is  eligible  to  membership  who  has 
not  been  for  at  least  one  year  pi'ior  to  his  application,  connected  in  a 
literary  capacity  with  a  Chicago  newspaper,  or  who  shall  not  have  been 
engaged  in  purely  literary  work  for  the  same  length  of  time.  The 
rooms  are  on  the  third  floor  of  113  Madison  Street,  and  include  a 
library  and  reading  room,  an  assembly  room,  a  billiard  room,  a  pool- 
table  and  bar,  and  a  card  room.  The  last  Saturday  liight  in  each  month 
is  termed  "  Fourth  Night,"  and  is  devoted  to  a  reception  of  the  mem- 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


133 


bers  of  the  club,  their  friends,  and  ladies.  In  the  autumn  of 'each  year 
there  is  a  grand  benefit  performance  in  some  leading  place  of  amuse- 
ment, the  proceeds  of  which  are  contributed  to  the  library  fund.  Some 
of  the  best  operatic  and  dramatic  talent  of  both  continents  has  appeared 
at  these  annual  entertainments.  On  the  anniversary  of  the  organiza- 
tion, a  grand  banquet  is  given  by  the  club  at  one  of  the  principal  hotels, 
to  which  distinguished  literary  men  are  invited  and  entertained  as 
guests.  The  membership  fee  is  $15  ;  the  annual  dues,  $12.  The  club 
has  the  portrait  of  each  president  done  in  oil  at  the  close  of  his  term. 
F.  B.  Wilkie,  one  of  the  main  organizers  of  the  club,  was  its  first  presi- 
dent and  James  E.  Bradwell,  of  the  Legal  News,  is  the  present  presid- 
ing officer. 

The  Chicago  Club  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  fashionable  clubs 
in  the  city.  It  owns 
its  building,  has  its 
own  cuisine,  and  is 
modeled  in  many 
essential  respects 
after  the  estab- 
lished clubs  of  the 
old  world.  It  was 
founded  in  1869 
by  very  prominent 
citizens,  among 
whom  were  Philip 
Wadsworth,  Chas. 
B.  Farwell,  Octa- 
vius  Badger,  G.  H. 
Wheeler  and  oth- 
ers. "The  club  house 
was  for  a  time  on 
Michigan  Avenue, 
but  having  erect- 
ed the  handsome 
building  it  now 
occupies  on  Mon- 
roe Street,  opposite  the  Palmer  Hoiise,  the  club  moved  into  it  in  1875. 
The  house  is  of  red  brick  Avith  tasteful  stone  trimmings,  and  is  five 
stories  in  height  with  a  basement.  Following  the  French  plan  the 
culinary  department  is  placed  on  the  fifth  floor.  The  private  and 


INTERIOR  VIEW  CHICAGO  CLUB  HOUSE. 


134  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

general  dining-rooms,  on  the  next  floor  below,  are  so  arranged  that 
they  can  all  be  thrown  into  one  when  necessary.  The  third  floor  is 
occupied  by  sleeping-rooms,  and  the  second  story  by  the  library,  card 
and  directors'  rooms,  and  a  fine  billiard  room.  The  reception  rooms, 
cafe  and  reading  rooms,  on  the  first  floor,  are  entered  through  an  im- 
posing hall.  All  the  rooms  are  artistically  finished,  and  there  are  many 
excellent  paintings,  among  which  is  a  portrait  of  President  Fairbaiik, 
by  the  well-known  Healy.  The  club  is  a  purely  social  organization. 
The  membership  numbers  over  five  hundred ;  the  initiation  fee  is 
$'300,  and  the  annual  dues  $80.  N.  K.  Fairbank  is  president ;  Thomas 
S.  Kirkwood,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  West  Side  Club  was  founded  in  November,  1882.  It  occupies 
a  fine  three-story  club  house  at  451  Washington  Boulevard,  which  con- 
tains parlors,  reception,  library,  card  and  billiard  rooms,  and  all  other 
necessary  appointments.  The  club  is  social  in  its  purpose,  and  gives 
literary  and  musical  entertainments  which  are  of  an  excellent  cha:-ac- 
ter.  There  are  125  members.  Philip  Stein  is  president. 

The  Calumet  Club,  located  on  Michigan  Avenue  and  Twentieth 
Street,  is  probably  the  largest  social  organization  of  the  kind  in  the 
west,  and  enjoys  the  possession  of  a  building  which,  in  extent,  conven- 
ience and  elegance  of  finish  and  furnishing  is  not  surpassed  by  that  of 
any  similar  institution.  The  Calumet  is  regarded  as  the  most  aristo- 
cratic club  in  the  city.  It  was  organized  April  4,  1878,  and  was  insti- 
tuted under  its  charter  with  Gen.  Anson  Stager  as  president ;  Chai'les 
J.  Barnes  as  vice-president ;  and  F.  B.  Tuttle,  treasurer  and  secretary. 
A  spacious  dwelling  at  the  corner  of  Michigan  Avenue  and  Eighteenth 
Street  was  the  home  of  the  club  until  it  completed  the  palatial  struct- 
ure it  now  occupies.  The  building  is  of  red  brick  with  terra-cotta 
trimmings,  cover.s  an  area  Six  183V  feet,  and  its  height  of  ninety  feet 
is  divided  into  five  stories  and  a  basement.  The  main  entrance  is  a 
massive  doorway,  which  opens  into  a  hall  of  striking  dimensions  and 
decoration.  On  the  left  of  the  hall  there  is  a  flue  old-fashioned  fire- 
place, with  andirons  and  other  ancient  fixtures.  Opposite  the  entrance 
rises  the  principal  stairway,  at  the  first  landing  of  which  a  large  window 
presents  a  view  of  Calumet  Lake  in  stained  glass.  The  main  reading- 
room  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  apartments  in  the  city,  with  carved 
furniture,  and  walls  adorned  with  full-length  portraits  of  many  dis- 
tinguished citizens,  among  them  Hon.  John  Wentworth,  Gen.  Anson 
Stager,  Edson  Keith,  and  Gen.  Phil.  Sheridan.  The  billiard-room  and 
the  cafe  in  the  rear  are  handsomely  fitted  up,  and  the  assembly  room 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Of  CHICAGO. 


135 


is  remai'kable  for  its  size,  and  for  its  artistic  frescoes.  The  card-room 
is  superbly  furnished,  the  ceiling  beautifully  frescoed,  and  the  stained 
glass  windows  hung  with  rich  and  costly  curtains.  The  "  Old  Settlers' 
Room "  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  building,  containing  a 
large  collection  of  portraits  of  prominent  men  and 
pioneers,  and  curiosities  and  relics  of  early  Chicago. 
An  entresol  between  the  second  and  third  floors  is 
allotted  to  members'  sleeping-rooms.  The  dining- 


CALUMET  CLUB  HOUSE. 

hall  is  capable  of  seating  300  people,  and  three  private  dining-rooms 
connected  with  the  hall  can  be  thrown  into  one  with  it.  The  cuisine 
is  noted  for  its  excellence.  There  are  721  members,  most  of  them 
leading  business  men  of  the  city.  The  membership  fee  is  $250,  and 
the  annual  dues  $80.  J.  W.  Doane  is  president ;  T.  K.  Jenkins,  secre- 
tary ;  C.  J.  Blair,  treasurer. 


136  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OP  CHICAGO. 

The  Commercial  Club  of  Chicago  was  organized  Dec.  27,  1877,  for 
social  purposes,  and  to  promote  the  commercial  interests  of  the  city. 
It  is  composed  of  gentlemen  prominently  representing  those  interests. 
The  membership  is  limited  to  sixty.  It  has  no  club  house,  but  meets 
monthly,  except  during  the  summer,  and  gives  a  grand  annual  banquet 
in  January.  It  entertains  distinguished  commercial  men  from  abroad 
in  regal  style,  and  is  an  organization  of  high  character  and  great  use- 
fulness. John  M.  Clark  is  president ;  A.  F.  Seeberger,  treasurer ; 
George  C.  Clarke,  secretary. 

The  Standard  Club  occupies  a  high  position  as  a  social  organization. 
It  was  instituted  April  5,  1869.  Its  club-rooms  are  at  1302  Michigan 
Avenue,  and  are  handsomely  fitted  up.  The  members  number  190, 
nearly  all  of  the  Jewish  faith.  Charles  H.  Schwab  is  president ;  E. 
Hoffman,  treasurer ;  B.  Mergentheim,  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Merchants'  Club  was  started  Jan.  29,  1884,  for  social 
purposes  and  to  aid  in  maintaining  the  dignity  of  mercantile  avoca- 
tions. It  purchased  the  elegant  "apartments  at  the  southwest  corner  of 
Clark  and  Madison  Streets  previously  occupied  by  the  Chicago  Mercan- 
tile Club,  which  had  fitted  them  up  at  a  cost  of  $15,000.  They  in- 
clude all  the  usual  reception,  sleeping,  refreshment  and  amusement 
rooms.  The  dining-room  is  capable  of  seating  125  persons.  The 
attractive  cuisine  of  the  club  is  much  resorted  to  by  the  members,  who 
are  1 50  in  number,  and  many  of  them  resort  to  it  for  one  or  more  of 
their  daily  meals.  Ladies  are  admitted  to  the  club-rooms  on  Satur- 
days. The  membership  fee  is  $50.  and  the  annual  dues  $60.  L.  H. 
Bisbee  is  president ;  John  W.  Hepburn,  secretary ;  Albert  Seckel, 
treasurer. 

The  Heather  Club  has  forty  members,  principally  Scotchmen.  It 
was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1881,  for  the  purpose  of  literary  and 
social  intercourse.  Weekly  meetings  are  held  at  the  club  rooms,  No. 
153  Clark  Street.  George  Handy  is  secretary. 

The  Union  Club  is  to  the  North  Side  what  the  Calumet  and  Chicago 
Clubs  are  to  the  South  Side,  It  is  an  aristocratic  institution,  its  mem- 
bership of  500  being  drawn  from  the  highest  social  circles.  It  was 
organized  in  February,  1 878  ;  located  at  State  Street  and  Chicago 
Avenue  for  about  eighteen  months  ;  then  for  three  years  in  the  well- 
known  Ogden  House,  opposite  Washington  Square.  In  November, 
1883,  it  moved  into  the  premises  now  occupied,  which  are  owned  by  the 
club.  The  building  is  a  massive  structure  80  x  86  feet,  and  stands  on 
a  lot  110x147  feet.  The  material  is  a  fine  brown  sandstone  from 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO. 


137 


Massachusetts,  rough  dressed,  and  the  style  of  architecture  is  original 
and  imposing.  The  design  was  by  Messrs.  Cobb  &  Frost,  architects. 
The  interior  finish  throughout,  except  the  parlor,  is  oak,  and  very  rich. 
The  main  entrance  opens  into  a  large  square  hall,  resembling  a  baronial 
hall  of  the  times  of  "  good  queen  Bess."  The  hall  has  a  wide  old-fash- 
ioned fire-place  for  burning  cordwood.  The  stairway  leading  up  from 
this  hall  is  very  elegant.  The  reception  room  is  on  the  left  of  the 
entrance,  and  the  office  on  the  right.  The  double  parlor  on  the  same 
floor  is  finished  in  mahogany,  the  division  being  marked  by  a  mahog- 
any arch  of  elaborate  design.  The  walls  are  decorated  with  choice 


UNION  CLUB  Houst-:. 

pictures.  The  cafe  is  quite  unique,  resembling  the  interior  of  an  old 
English  inn.  The  large  salon,  or  assembly  room,  and  the  library,  card 
and  directors'  rooms,  are  on  the  second  floor,  and  the  third  floor  is 
devoted  to  lodging  rooms  for  members.  The  location  at  Dearborn 
Avenue  and  Washington  Place  was  happily  chosen,  being  in  every  way 
favorable  for  the  purpose.  The  entire  property  cost  $150.000.  The 
membership  fee  is  $100,  and  the  annual  dues  $40.  The  officers  are 
A.  A.  Carpenter,  president ;  L.  J.  Gage,  vice-president ;  H.  A.  Keith, 
secretary  ;  and  A.  W.  Cobb,  treasurer. 


138  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Bankers'  Club  is  an  organization  of  the  leading  bankers  of  the 
city,  to  promote  social  intercourse  and  advance  the  interests  of  the 
members  and  of  banking  generally.  •  The  -club  was  instituted  early  in 
1883,  and  numbers  some  seventy  members.  The  meetings  are  held 
quarterly,  and  the  business  of  the  sessions  is  usually  followed  by  a 
banquet  and  general  sociability  and  good  fellowship. 

The  Illinois  Club  is  the  fashionable  social  organization  of  the  West 
Side,  its  membership  being  composed  principally  of  prominent  busi- 
ness men  Avho  are  residents  of  that  section  of  the  city.  The  club  was 
organized  in  April,  1878,  and  occupies  a  two-story  stone  front  mansion 
at  154  South  Ashland  Avenue,  one  of  the  finest  of  the  West  Side  thor- 
oughfares. The  premises  were  designed  for  a  fine  residence,  and  cost 
$40,000,  and  the  hou-e  was  refitted  for  club  purposes  at  a  cost  of 
$10,000.  An  addition  is  now  in  course  of  construction  which  will  cost, 
with  furniture,  $30,000  more.  The  art  gallery  of  the  Illinois  Art  Asso- 
ciation will  occupy  a  portion  of  the  new  building.  The  furnishing 
throughout — billiard,  card  and  reading  rooms,  parlors  and  all  other 
apartments — is  both  elegant  and  substantial ;  the  decoration  is  of  a 
highly  artistic  order.  The  walls  are  hung  with  many  choice  works  of 
art  from  the  most  noted  studios  of  Europe  and  America.  The  recep- 
tions and  musicales  given  by  the  club  are  delightful  entertainments, 
and  the  club  house  is  thronged  with  representatives  of  the  world  of 
fashion  on  such  occasions.  The  membership  fee  is  $100,  and  the 
annual  dues  $40.  There  are  300  members,  to  which  number  the  club 
is  limited.  The  institution  is  well  managed  and  prosperous,  having  a 
surplus  in  the  treasury.  J.  H.  Bradley  is  president ;  Fred.  K.  Morrill, 
secretary  ;  W.  A.  Hammond  treasurer. 

The  Union  League  Club  Avas  organized  in  1879  as  the  Chicago 
Club  of  the  Union  League  of  America.  It  is  both  social  and  political 
in  character,  one  of  the  conditions  of  membership  being  absolute  and 
unqualified  loyalty  to  the  government  of  the  United  States.  Its  mem- 
bership is  limited  to  1,000,  and  now  numbers  850,  and  includes  many 
prominent  citizens.  It  occupies  its  handsome  new  club-house  on  the 
corner  of  Jackson  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue,  which  was  erected  at  a 
cost  of  $150,000,  not  including  the  expensive  and  luxurious  furniture 
and  fittings.  The  club  formerly  occupied  apartments  in  the  Honore 
building,  corner  Dearborn  and  Adams  Streets,  and  removed  to  the  pres- 
ent location  in  1886.  A  feature  of  the  club  is  its  excellent  cuisine,  and 
many  of  its  members  resort  to  it  for  dinner  and  luncheon  daily.  J. 
McGregor  Adams  is  president. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  139 

The  Lakeside  Club  is  the  youngest  of  the  Chicago  clubs,  dating 
from  June  2,  1884.  It  occupies  two  finely  furnished  mansions  on 
Wabash  Avenue  and  Thirtieth  Street.  It  has  about  120  members, 
and  is  preparing  to  build  a  club  house  at  a  cost  of  some  $50,000. 
The  membership  fee  is  $25,  and  the  annual  dues  $50.  Morris 
Beifield  is  president ;  Jacob  Kahn,  treasurer ;  N.  A.  Mayer,  secretary. 

The  Iroquois  Club  is  a  social  and  political  organization,  instituted 
by  leading  Democrats  during  the  Hancock  campaign  of  1880.  It  Ava^ 
at  first  called  "The  Chicago  Democratic  Club,"  and  held  its  meetings 
in  the  Palmer  House.  In  October,  1881,  it  was  reorganized  and  incor- 
porated under  its  present  title.  Politically  it  limits  its  field  to  national 
politics.  It  has  fitted  up  in  elegant  style  six  stories  of  Haverly 
Theater  building,  which  it  occupies  under  a  lease  for  five  years.  There 
are  reception,  reading,  smoking,  bar,  card,  billiard,  dressing,  cafe  and 
toilet  rooms ;  private  dining  rooms,  and  a  main  dining  hall  elaborately 
finished  and  hung  with  pictures,  three  spacious  rooms  which  can  be 
thrown  into  one  for  use  as  the  general  assembly  room,  and  give  seating 
capacity  for  500  persons,  with  a  raised  platform  overlooking  the  hall 
thus  formed ;  and  there  are  also  a  well  provided  culinary  department 
and  other  conveniences.  The  membership  fee  is  $50,  and  the  annual 
dues  $40.  The  number  of  members  exceeds  500.  The  club  has  made 
itself  a  power  in  the  Democratic  party,  and  has  a  national  reputation 
and  influence.  Erskine  M.  Phelps  is  president ;  Walter  Mattocks  and 
Frank  G.  Hoyne,  secretaries  ;  J.  H.  McAvoy,  treasurer. 

The  Saracen  Club  was  organized  in  1876  by  Mrs.  Fernanda  Jones, 
for  the  purpose  of  promoting  social  and  intellectual  culture  among  its 
members.  It  is  a  mixed  club  of  ladies  and  gentlemen.  The  meetings 
are  held  on  the  first  Thursday  evening  of  every  month  at  the  residence 
of  some  one  of  the  members.  The  membership  is  limited  to  fifty. 
The  annual  meeting  takes  place  on  the  first  Thursday  in  May.  Henry 
W.  Fuller  is  president ;  William  M.  Payne,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Chicago  Liberal  League  was  organized  in  1881,  and  now  has 
a  membership  of  nearly  100  persons.  Its  main  object  is  to  secure  and 
maintain  a  complete  separation  of  church  and  state  in  all  things ;  and 
to  promote  this  end  it  holds  regular  Sunday  evening  meetings  at  Odd 
Fellows'  Hall,  corner  of  Halsted  and  Madison  Streets,  for  the  free  dis- 
cussion and  agitation  of  the  subject.  E.  A.  Stevens  is  president ;  Mrs. 
L.  M.  Swank  is  recording  secretary,  and  Henry  Borg  is  treasurer. 

The  Society  for  Ethical  Culture  was  incorporated  in  April,  1883.  Its 
object  is  to  find  and  disseminate  "a  truer  philosophy  of  life  and,  a. 


140  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

higher  ideal  of  duty  "  than  are  presented  in  the  speculative  philosophy 
and  dogmatic  theology  of  the  day.  To  this  end  the  society  provides 
weekly  lectures  and  discussions  for  adults,  classes  for  the  instruction 
of  children,  and  normal  classes  for  older  students.  It  has  also  insti- 
tuted a  system  of  Belief  Works,  which  has  been  incorporated  and  is 
one  of  the  active  relief  agencies  of  the  city.  Among  the  100  mem- 
bers of  the  society  are  some  of  the  most  prominent  gentlemen  in  the 
literary  and  social  circles  of  Chicago.  A.  B.  Hosmer,  M.  D.,  170  State 
Street,  is  secretary ;  W.  M.  Salter,  83  Madison  Street,  lecturer. 

The  Moral  Educational  Society  is  composed  of  ladies,  assisted  by 
an  advisory  board  of  ladies  and  gentlemen.  It  was  founded  Nov.  13, 
1882,  for  the  dissemination  of  elevated  ideas  relative  to  marriage  and 
parenthood,  the  abolition  of  vice,  and  the  moral  training  of  youth. 
The  meetings  are  held  monthly  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  and  are 
open  to  all  ladies  desiring  to  attend.  The  society  also  holds  public 
meetings  occasionally.  Some  thirty-six  members  are  now  enrolled. 
Miss  Mary  Dye,  383  Washington  Boulevard-,  is  secretary. 

The  Margaret  Fuller  Society  seeks  by  discussion  and  study  to 
advance  the  education  of  women  in  political  economy  and  the  princi- 
ples of  government.  It  was  instituted  Aug.  3,  1880,  and  is  the  first 
society  of  the  name.  It  is  composed  of  ladies,  gentlemen  being  ad- 
mitted only  as  honorary  members.  Some  forty  names  are  on  the  rolls. 
The  society  holds  its  meetings  semi-monthly  at  the  Grand  Pacific 
Hotel,  and  its  proceedings  are  published  from  time  to  time.  Miss 
Louisa  Burpee  is  secretary. 

The  Unity  Club  was  organized  on  the  10th  of  January,  1883, 
by  Rev.  Jenkin  Lloyd  Jones,  pastor  of  All  Souls'  Church.  The 
purpose  is  to  study  and  discuss  the  writings  of  Robert  Browning, 
and  other  literary  works  and  art  subjects.  There  are  forty  members, 
mainly  of  the  church  congregation.  The  meetings  are  held  monthly 
in  All  Souls'  Society  Hall.  Rev.  J.  L.  Jones  is  president ;  Miss  Eva 
Manierre,  secretary ;  Charles  Ware,  treasurer. 

The  Illinois  Association  of  the  Sons  of  Vermont  is  one  of  the  largest 
state  clubs  in  the  west.  It  grew  out  of  a  centennial  celebration  held 
Jan.  17,  1877,  by  natives  of  Vermont,  in  commemoration  of  the  formal 
declaration  of  the  people  of  Vermont  at  Westminster  Court-house  that 
they  were  an  independent  commonwealth.  A  permanent  organization 
was  effected  on  the  22d  of  the  following  month.  Regular  meetings 
are  held  semi-annually  in  Room  70,  Government  Building.  The  club 
seeks  to  promote  a  more  cordial  interest  and  sympathy  among  natives 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  141 

of  the  Green  Mountain  state  who  reside  in  Illinois,  and  gives  a  grand 
annual  banquet  at  the  Palmer  House  on  the  17th  of  January,  which 
is  usually  attended  by  400  or  500  people.  It  has  300  members. 
Elbridge  G.  Keith  is  president ;  E.  B.  Sherman,  Room  70  Government 
Building,  secretary ;  H.  H.  Nash,  treasurer. 

The  Channing  Club  is  an  organization  of  Unitarians,  for  social  pur- 
poses and  the  general  advancement  of  Unitarian  interests  in  Chicago 
and  the  west.  It  meets  monthly,  except  in  July,  August  and  Septem- 
ber, at  the  Union  League  rooms.  The  programme  of  exercises  em- 
braces essays,  papers  and  general  discussion,  preceded  by  a  collation. 
The  club  rooms,  at  1 35  Wabash  Avenue,  include  offices  for  organizations 
engaged  in  Unitarian  work  in  the  west,  and  pleasant  reception  rooms 
where  visitors  to  Chicago  interested  in  the  Unitarian  cause  are  cordially 
received.  Eric  Winters  is  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Garibaldi  Legion  is  an  Italian  society  with  purely  social  and  lit- 
erary objects.  It  was  organized  in  1882,  soon  after  the  death  of  the 
Italian  statesman  whose  name  it  bears.  There  are  about  seventy-five 
members.  Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Friday  of  each  month  at 
Uhlich's  Hall.  John  G.  Riggio  is  president,  and  John  Ginochio  is 
secretary. 

The  Plattsdeutschen  Verein  was  organized  Nov.  15, 1874,  and  incor- 
porated on  the  26th  of  March  the  following  year.  It  membership  is 
composed  entirely  of  "Low  Dutch,"  and  its  object  is  to  encourage  and 
keep  in  practice  the  customs  and  usages  of  the  mother  country,  and 
especially  to  keep  fresh  the  "  Low  Diitch "  literature  and  language. 
The  society  has  a  small  library.  Meets  at  Uhlich's  Hall  Thursday 
evenings. 

The  Virginia  Society  is  a  club  established  in  1880  to  promote  social 
intercourse  among  natives  of  Virginia  and  their  descendants.  Among 
its  founders  were  the  late  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  who  was  the  first  presi- 
dent ;  the  late  Gen.  N.  B.  Buford,  Judge  S.  M.  Moore,  and  Judge  John 
G.  Rogers.  Four  meetings  are  held  each  year,  at  the  Palmer  House, 
subject  to  call.  0.  W.  Nixon  is  president ;  H.  L.  Mason,  secretary  ;  S. 
G.  Seaton,  treasurer. 

The  Citizens'  Association  of  Chicago  was  organized  in  1874,  to 
promote  municipal  reforms,  rectify  and  prevent  abuses,  sustain  popular 
rights  against  encroachment,  secure  the  enactment  and  enforcement  of 
good  laws,  encourage  desirable  enterprises,  and  generally  to  assist  in 
advancing  the  interests  of  the  city  and  the  people  in  respect  to  order, 
justice,  and  the  development  of  industry  and  trade.  It  does  not  engage 


142  MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

in  any  enterprise  for  any  religious  denomination,  political  organization, 
or  organization  interested  in  promoting  temperance  or  sumptuary  leg- 
islation. It  keeps  vigilant  watch  over  every  public  interest,  and 
promptly  interferes  upon  every  reasonable  occasion.  It  has  over  900 
members,  who  are  divide:!  into  committees  having  special  departments 
to  look  af  er,  such  as  finance,  military,  theaters,  tenement  houses, 
street  obstructions,  railway  crossings,  fast  driving,  education,  adultera- 
tion of  food,  civil  service  reform,  taxation,  city  and  county  legislation, 
judiciary,  elections,  water  supply,  pavements,  etc.  The  rooms  of  the 
association  are  at  35  Merchants'  Building,  92  LaSalle  Street.  J.  C. 
Ambler  is  secretary. 

The  Sons  of  Maine  is  the  title  of  a  club  composed  of  natives  of  the 
state  of  Maine,  who  hold  social  reunions  and  in  other  ways  unite  in 
keeping  up  a  patriotic  pride  in  the  Pine  Tree  state.  It  was  organized  in 
Apiil,  1880,  and  has  about  200  members.  Kegular  meetings  are  held 
semi-annually,  generally  at  the  Palmer  House.  The  first  meeting  of 
the  year  is  always  on  the  20th  of  March,  the  date  of  the  admission  of 
Maine  into  the  Union.  George  M.  How  is  president ;  Newton  Good- 
win, secretary  ;  William  Sprague,  treasurer. 

The  Illinois  St.  Andrew's  Society,  one  of  the  oldest  social  and 
benevolent  associations  in  the  city,  was  organized  in  January,  1846, 
and  chartered  in  1853.  It  takes  kindly  care  of  those  of  the  Scottish 
nationality  who  need  its  aid  and  counsel,  and  has  a  burial  place  in  Rose 
Hill,  where  are  interred  those  Scotchmen  who  die  destitute  in  Chicago. 
A  monument  designates  the  ground,  and  over  each  grave  is  a  plain 
stone  which  records  the  name,  etc.,  of  the  stranger.  The  society 
derives  its  funds  from  initiation  fees  of  $2  each,  membership  fees  of  $3 
per  annum,  the  proceeds  of  the  annual  dinner  on  St.  Andrew's  day,  and 
the  yearly  balls  given  for  the  benefit  of  the  ladies,  who  do  not  attend 
the  anniversary  dinners.  George  Anderson,  Esq.,  is  the  only  survivor 
of  the  original  organizers,  and  his  recitation  of  "Tarn  O'Shanter"  is 
always  a  feature  of  the  anniversary  banquet.  Andrew  Wallace  is  presi- 
dent, 95  Dearborn  Street. 

The  Chicago  Bar  Association,  incorporated  in  1874,  was  organized 
to  maintain  the  honor  and  dignity  of  the  profession  of  the  law,  to  cul- 
tivate social  intercourse  among  its  members,  and  to  increase  its  xiseful- 
ness  in  promoting  the  due  administration  of  justice.  The  incorporators 
were  :  Charles  M.  Sturges,  James  P.  Eoot,  C.  B.  Lawrence,  Charles 
Hitchcock,  Robert  T.  Lincoln  and  Ira  O.  Wilkinson.  The  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  association  is  held  on  the  second  Saturday  in  January.  The 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  143 

membership  fee  is  $15.  The  board  of  managers  meet  monthly,  except 
in  July,  August  and  September,  at  Eoom  71,  County  Building.  F.  Q. 
Ball  is  president ;  George  W.  Cass,  secretary,  and  Eobert  E.  Jenkins, 
treasurer. 

The  Cook  County  Teachers'  A'ssociation  is  composed  of  teachers 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  their  profession,  in  the  school  districts  out- 
side of  the  city.  The  total  number  of  teachers  so  engaged  is  G50,  and 
there  is  an  average  attendance  of  about  300  at  the  meetings,  which  are 
held  monthly  from  October  to  May,  inclusive,  in  Methodist  Church 
Block.  A  growing  interest  is  manifested  in  the  programme  of  exer- 
cises, which  embraces  addresses  by  prominent  educators,  essays  and 
discussions,  all  bearing  upon  the  work  of  the  members.  The  associa- 
tion was  organized  in  1878.  William  H.  Kay,  Hyde  Park,  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Turngemeinde  is  the  oldest  and  strongest  German 
society  in  the  city.  It  dates  its  organization  from  1853,  and  now  has  a 
membership  of  over  400.  It  owns  Turner  Hall  at  255  North  Clark 
Street.  The  corner  stone  of  the  building  was  laid  in  the  summer  of 
1872,  and  the  official  opening  of  the  hall  took  place  Jan.  1,  1873. 
The  property  has  now  a  value  of  fully  $175,000.  The  main  hall  has  a 
floor  space  of  75x125.  The  gymnasium  is  thoroughly  equipped,  and 
the  library,  reading  and  meeting  rooms  are  appropriately  arranged. 
The  library  contains  over  3,000  volumes,  and  includes  many  standard 
German  works.  The  reading-room  is  supplied  with  the  leading  Ger- 
man periodicals.  At  an  evening  school,  conducted  in  the  building, 
instruction  is  given  in  the  languages  by  competent  teachers.  There 
are  also  a  school  of  short-hand  and  classes  in  drawing,  free  to  members 
of  the  society.  About  500  children,  of  both  sexes,  are  instructed  in 
gymnastics.  The  first  Turner  Hall,  occupied  in  1863,  was -destroyed 
by  the  great  fire,  and  the  present  building  was  erected  on  its  site.  The 
president  of  the  society  is  L.  Nettelhorst ;  the  financial  secretary  is  H. 
Heinemann,  and  the  treasurer  is  E.  Fielder. 

The  Turn  Verein  Voerwarts  has  about  250  members.  It  formerly 
owned  the  West  Side  Turner  Hall,  251  West  Twelfth  Street,  and 
although  it  become  necessary,  through  financial  embarrassment,  to  sell 
the  propert3r,  the  society  still  occupies  the  hall.  The  gymnasium  has 
an  excellent  equipment.  Senior  classes  are  taught  in  the  evening,  and 
juvenile  classes  in  the  afternoon,  Prof.  W.  Zoller  being  the  instructor. 

The  Bohemian  Gymnastic  Association  ("  Sokol")  is  the  "central 
union"  of  thirteen  branch  societies,  distributed  among  the  leading 
American  cities.  Four  of  these  branches  are  in  Chicago.  The  mem- 


144  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

bership  of  the  association  is  composed  of  delegates  from  the  branch 
societies.  Its  main  object  is  to  promote  the  mental  and  physical  cult- 
ure of  the  Bohemian  people  in  this  country-  It  meets  on  the  first 
Friday  of  ea?h  month  at  74  West  Taylor  Street.  J.  B.  Belohradsky  is 
president,  and  George  Hajek,  secretary. 

The  Aurora  Turn  Verein  was  organized  Feb.  22,  1864.  It  formerly 
owned  Aurora  Turner  Hall,  corner  of  Huron  Street  and  Milwaukee 
Avenue.  Becoming  financially  embarrassed  the  hall  was  sold,  but  the 
society  continues  to  occupy  it.  The  gymnasium,  which  is  the  leading 
feature,  is  well  equipped  with  devices  for  gymnastic  exercise,  and  there 
are  senior  and  juvenile  classes,  for  the  boys  and  girls.  The  library 
contains  several  hundred  books,  mostly  German,  and  the  reading-room 
is  supplied  with  the  leading  German  periodicals.  The  membership 
numbers  about  270,  and  the  society  is  flourishing.  William  Legner  is 
president ;  Prof.  Aug.  Zaph,  teacher. 

The  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States,  organ- 
ized in  18G7,  has  its  headquarters  for  the  state  of  Illinois  in  this  city. 
Its  members  a~^>,  or  have  been  commissioned  officers  of  the  United 
States  army  and  navy,  who  made  honorable  records  during  the  late 
war.  The  Illinois  membership  numbers  about  175,  mostly  in  Chicago. 
Meetings  are  held  monthly  at  the  rooms  of  the  Chicago  Literary  Club, 
in  Portland  Block,  at  each  of  which  some  member  reads  a  paper  on 
some  battle  or  campaign.  Gen.  Sheridan  commanded  here  until  his 
removal  to  Washington.  He  was  succeeded  by  Col.  John  Mason  Lewis. 

The  Eighty-second  Illinois  Veteran  Society  was  organized  in  Octo- 
ber, 1881,  to  keep  up  good  fellowship  among  comrades  of  the 
regiment,  to  relieve  distress,  and  to  bury  dead  brethren  when  neces- 
sary. The"  members  are  Germans  and  Scandinavians.  The  meetings 
are  held  monthly  at  No.  171  North  Clark  Street.  Joseph  Keilling  is 
president ;  Geo.  Vocke,  secretary  ;  Peter  Lauer,  treasurer. 

The  Nineteenth  Illinois  Infantry  Volunteers  Veteran  Club  num- 
bers fifty  members,  and  was  organized  in  the  summer  of  1880.  to 
promote  reunion -and  mutual  good  fellowship.  Eegular  meetings  are 
held  monthly  at  No.  106  Eandolph  Street. 

The  Veteran  Union  League  is  composed  of  old  Union  soldiers  of 
any  regiment  or  state,  honorably  discharged,  together  with  a  limited 
number  of  their  friends.  It  was  organized  for  social  and  political  pur- 
poses, and  dates  from  June,  1880.  It  has  a  total  of  175  active  and 
honorary  members,  including  some  of  the  best  citizens  of  Chicago.  It 
is  an  offshoot  of  the  Chicago  Union  Veteran  Club,  its  members  being 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  145 

also  members  of  the  latter  organization.  The  League  has  handsomely 
furnished  apartments  at  No.  185  Clark  Street,  a  whole  floor  being 
fitted  up  for  its  use.  Kegular  meetings  are  held  here  monthly.  W.  S. 
Scribner  is  president ;  W.  W.  King,  treasurer ;  W.  H.  Coulston,  Matte- 
son  House,  secretary.  A  growing  interest  is  minifested  in  the  affairs  of 
the  League,  and  it  promises  to  increase  in  influence  from  year  to  year. 

The  Union  League  of  America  was  founded  the  first  year  of  the 
late  civil  Avar,  for  the  purpose  of  supporting,  protecting  and  defending 
the  constitution  and  government  of  the  United  States  against  all  ene- 
mies. It  had  many  stirring  assemblies  during  the  years  of  the  great 
conflict,  and  did  incalculable  good  for  the  country.  The  nucleus  of 
the  organization  was  formed  at  a  meeting  of  eleven  patriotic  persons 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  The  work  of  organization  spread  rapidly,  and  in 
May,  1863,  the  national  council  met  for  the  first  time,  with  eighteen 
states  represented.  From  that  time  the  league  gained  rapidly  in 
strength,  and  soon  extended  its  beneficent  influence  over  the  entire 
country,  counting  its  members  by  the  millions.  It  has  little  more  than 
a  nominal  existence  at  present,  though  the  organization  is  still  intact. 
The  Grand  Council  of  the  State  of  Illinois  has  its  headquarters  at 
Koom  415,  First  National  Bank  building.  George  Harlow  is  president ; 
Henry  S.  Hawley,  secretary,  and  John  C.  Baker,  treasurer. 

The  Thirteen  Club  was  organized  April  13,  1883,  to  combat  the 
superstition  as  to  the  unlucky  character  of  Friday,  of  the  number 
Thi'teen,  and  other  relics  of  folk  lore.  There  is  also  provision  for 
assisting  members  or  their  families  in  case  of  sickness  or  death  among 
them.  The  number  Thirteen  is  introduced  in  every  possible  way. 
At  all  banquets  each  table  must  contain  exactly  thirteen,  and  the  regu- 
lar meetings  are  held  on  the  thirteenth  of  each  month,  in  Koom  13,  at 
the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel.  The  exercises  are  social  and  literary.  The 
club  now  crn tains  two  groups  of  thirteen,  or  twenty-six  members  in 
all.  Francis  H.  Hill  is  chief  ruler ;  "William  C.  Duncan,  scribe ;  W.  H. 
Bolton,  receiver. 

The  Canadian  Club  is  a  social  organization  instituted  in  1880.  It 
has  two  classes  of  members,  the  leading  class  being  native  Canadians 
and  their  descendants,  and  the  other  such  persons  of  other  national- 
ities as  the  club  may  see  fit  to  admit  to  membership.  The  latter  class 
is  limited  to  100.  The  entire  membership  is  125.  The  club  gives  an 
annual  dinner.  E.  J.  Ogden  is  president ;  E.  E.  Ogden,  treasurer ; 
\V.  G.  Richardson,  secretary. 
10 


146  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Washington  Park  Club  was  organized  in  1883.  Though  one 
of  the  newest,  it  is  one  of  the  most  aristocratic  club  organizations.  It 
was  modeled  after  the  American  Jockey  Club  of  New  York  City,  and 
famous  European  jockey  clubs.  It  opened  its  splendid  race  course — 
for  running  races— June  28,  1884,  Avith  a  brilliant  and  successful  meet- 
ing. The  grounds,  lying  just  south  of  Washington  Park,  contain  eighty 
and  one-half  acres.  Nearly  $450,000  have  been  spent  on  the  grounds 
and  improvements.  The  track  is  eighty  feet  in  width,  and  a  mile  in 
circuit.  The  infield  is  ornamented  with  two  small  lakes.  The  club 
house  is  palatial.  It  covers  80x125  feet  of  ground  and  cost  over  $60,- 
000.  It  is  open  to  members  the  year  round.  The  grand  stand,  55x504 


WASHINGTON  PARK  CLUB  HOUSE. 

feet,  is  three  stories  high  and  will  seat  about  10,000.  The  stables  will 
accommodate  500  horses.  The  club  has  over  600  members.  The 
entrance  fee  is  $150,  and  the  annual  dues  $40.  The  capital  stock  is 
$250,000.  Gen.  P.  H.  Sheridan  is  president;  John  R.  Walsh,  treasurer  ; 
and  John  E.  Brewster,  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Union  Veteran  Club  is  a  strong  political  organization 
numbering  1,875  active  and  associate  members,  among  whom  are 
many  prominent  and  influential  men.  It  was  organized  in  September, 
1876,  to  "uphold  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party,"  but  "reserv- 
ing the  right  to  act  independently  where  the  interests  of  the  Union 
veteran  soldiers  are  involved ; "  to  procure  employment  for  Union 
soldiers  and  sailors,  and  to  cultivate  good  fellowship  among  the  mem- 
bers. It  was  incorporated  Dec.  6,  1880.  Sons  of  deceased  Union 
soldiers  may  become  active  members,  and  sons  of  living  veterans 


MARQUIS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  147 

associate  members,  if  of  age.  The  annual  picnics  of  this  club  are 
always  largely  attended.  The  club  exerts  a  powerful  influence  in  local 
politics.  The  regular  meetings  are  held  monthly  at  the  office  of  the 
secretary.  James  A.  Sexton  is  president ;  John  L.  Manning,  163  Wash- 
ington Street,  secretary  ;  William  H.  Bolton,  treasurer. 

The  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  Battery  Association  was  organized 
July  3,  1865.  It  is  composed  of  members  of  the  old  Board  of  Trade 
Battery,  banded  together  for  mutual  benefit  and  to  perpetuate  friend- 
ships formed  while  in  active  service.  All  members  of  the  battery  are 
considered  members  of  the  association.  There  are  ninety-five  of  these 
living  whose  residences  are  known,  and  eighty-five  who  may  be  living, 
but  whose  residences  are  not  known.  The  annual  meeting  for  reunion  is 
held  at  the  Palmer  House  club  room,  on  the  first  Monday  in  April. 

The  Twenty-fourth  Illinois  Veteran  Society  was  organized  in  1868, 
for  social  and  commemorative  purposes,  and  to  relieve  needy  regi- 
mental comrades.  It  has  sixty  members,  and  holds  monthly  meetings 
at  No.  171  North  Clark  Street.  Charles  Hagemann  is  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Veterans  of  the  Mexican  War  is  an  association  com- 
posed of  soldiers,  sailors,  mariners  and  teamsters  who  served  in  the  war 
with  Mexico,  and  were  honorably  discharged.  The  general  objects  are 
social  and  commemorative,  but  its  special  purpose  is  to  aid  in  placing 
the  surviving  veterans  of  the  Mexican  Avar  on  the  pension  rolls  of  the 
government,  as  a  just  and  proper  recognition  of  their  services.  The 
association,  which  was  formed  in  November,  1876,  now  numbers  about 
sixty  members,  nearly  all  of  them  residents  of  the  city.  Regular  meet- 
ings are  held  quarterly  at  No.  106  Randolph  Street.  James  R.  Hue- 
gunin  is  secretary. 

The  Irish-American  Club,  one  of  the  most  popular  Irish  organiza- 
tions in  the  city,  was  founded  in  1881.  for  social,  literary  and  national 
purposes.  It  has  about  300  members,  and  is  the  oldest  club  of. the 
kind  in  the  country.  It  occupies  very  neat  and  convenient  rooms  on 
the  third  floor  of  Nos.  88  and  90  Washington  Street,  which  include  a 
gene  :al  meeting  hall,  reception  room,  billiard  room,  reading  room  and 
library. 

The  Chicago  Mercantile  Battery  Veteran  Association  was  formed 
in  1867,  disbanded  by  the  great  fire  of  1871,  and  reorganized  in  1877. 
It  now  has  about  100  members,  chiefly  residents  of  the  city  and 
suburbs.  Its  purpose  is  to  bring  together  socially  those  who  served 
during  the  war  in  the  Mercantile  Battery,  so  named  because  it  was 
raised  by  the  efforts  of  the  "  Mercantile  Association"  of  the  city.  The 


148  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

present  members  are  all  that  siirvive  of  the  300  who  served  with  the 
battery.    An  annual  reunion  is  held  by  the  society. 

The  Irish-American  Council,  which  was  organized  in  1869,  has  a 
membership  numbering  195,  composed  of  three  delegates  from  each 
of  the  sixty-five  Irish -American  societies  in  the  city.  Its  office  is  to 
arrange  for  the  celebration  of  St.  Patrick's  and  other  Irish  national 
days.  The  meetings  are  at  the  call  of  the  president.  William  Curran 
is  president. 

The  Fritz  Reuter  Club  Avas  organized  for  social  objects  in  1881. 
Its  membership  is  restricted  to  Germans  engaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits, and  is  limited  to  seventy-five.  Seventy  members  are  now 
enrolled,  and  until  recently  its  club  rooms  under  McCorrnick's  Hall, 
were  open  four  days  and  evenings  of  each  week.  At  present  meetings 
are  held  on  Wednesday  evenings  only,  at  Uhlich  Hall. 

The  Chicago  Association  of  Ex-Union  Prisoners  of  War  was  first 
organized  in  April,  1880,  as  the  Prisoners  of  War  Union  of  Chicago. 
Upon  the  reorganization  of  the  National  Association  in  September, 
1883,  the  Chicago  subordinate  association  was  also  immediately  reor- 
ganized. The  main  object  is  to  secure  national  legislation  for  the  ben- 
efit of  ex-union  prisoners  of  war.  Several  bills  for  this  purpose  have 
already  been  introduced  in  Congress,  but  none  of  them  have  yet  been 
passed.  Meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Friday  of  each  month  at  No. 
106  Eandolph  Street.  There  are  nearly  200  members  enrolled. 

The  Chicago  Photographic  Association  has  for  its  object  the 
advancement  of  photography,  mutual  instruction  and  social  good  fel- 
lowship. It  was  organized  in  1871,  and  meets  monthly  at  229  State 
Street.  Prof.  H.  D.  Garrison  is  president,  and  F.  H.  Davies,  88  Walton 
Place,  is  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Chicago  Yacht  Club  is  the  only  yacht  club  in  the  city.  Its 
club  house  is  at  189  Michigan  Avenue,  near  the  anchorage  of  the  fleet, 
which  consists  of  twenty-four  vessels,  and  is  harbored  behind  the  gov- 
ernment pier.  The  yachts  are  the  individual  property  of  the  members. 
Among  the  most  noted  are  the  "  Wasp,"  the  largest  sloop  in  fresh 
water,  owned  by  Capt.  Prindeville,  the  projector  and  first  commodore 
of  the  club,  and  the  schooner  "Idler,"  owned  by  vice-commodore 
Fisher,  and  believed  to  be  the  fastest  yacht  in  the  world.  At  the 
regatta  of  the  New  York  Yacht  Club,  June  8,  1876,  she  made  the  fastest 
time  ever  made  by  any  yacht.  She  has  won  more  prizes  than  any  other 
yacht  in  America.  The  club  has  an  annual  summer  cruise  to  Milwau- 
kee, attended  by  a  cup  race,  and  social  festivities  on  board,  the  families 


MARQUIS1  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  149 

and  friends  of  many  of  the  members  accompanying  them  on  the  cruise. 
The  summer  and  fall  regattas  on  the  lake  near  Chicago  are  events  of 
public  interest.  The  club  signal  is  a  swallow- tailed  red  pennant,  with 
a  diagonal  blue  band  half  the  width  of  the  head,  the  upper  margin  of 
the  band  being  a  straight  line  from  the  lower  point  to  the  upper  clew. . 
The  club  house  walls  are  ornamented  with  marine  pictures  and  models. 
This  club  has  been  the  inspiration  and  support  of  yachting  interest  in 
this  section,  and  since  its  organization  has  not  lost  a  life  in  any  of  its 
cruises  or  contests.  It  was  organized  in  1875,  and  incorporated  in 
1882,  and  has  150  members.  The  officers  are  :  A.  J.  Fisher,  commo- 
dore ;  E.  W.  Syer,  vice-commodore  ;  R.  F.  Pettibone,  rear  commodore  ; 
Harry  Duvall,  recording  secretary;  A.  P.  Seymour,  162  Washington 
Street,  corresponding  secretary  ;  F.  W.  S.  Bramley,  treasurer;  F.  B.  H. 
Bonter,  measiirer ;  W.  Blanchard,  M.  D.,  fleet  surgeon ;  C.  E.  Kremer, 
judge  advocate  ;  Jos.  Ruff,  time-keeper. 

The  Farragut  Boat  Club  is  the  oldest  club  of  the  kind  now  in  exist- 
ence in  Chicago,  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  influential  in  the 
amateur  boating  circles  of  the  United  States.  It  was  organized  March 
10,  1872,  and  incorporated  July  1,  1875.  On  three  occasions  the 
boat  house  of  the  club  was  destroyed  by  lake  storms — at  the  foot  of 
Twenty-first  Street  in  1874;  at  the  foot  of  Thirteenth  Street  in  1877 
and  at  the  foot  of  Twenty-fifth  Street  in  1882.  In  the  latter  case  the 
house,  a  commodious  structure  of  brick  and  stone,  was  entirely 
destroyed  together  with  eighteen  valuable  boats.  A  temporary  house 
of  brick  was  immediately  constructed  and  fully  equipped  with  new 
boats,  and  the  club  at  once  purchased  valuable  building  lots  on  Lake 
Park  Avenue,  near  Thirty-first  Street,  and  at  this  writing  (October, 
1884,)  is  actively  engaged  in  the  arrangements  for  the  erection  of  a 
club  house  to  cost  $20,000.  The  working  plans  indicate  a  very  ele- 
gant and  substantial  structure,  two  stories  high,  over  a  fine  basement 
which  will  contain  the  bowling  alleys,  boat  room,  and  gymnasium.  The 
main  floor  is  devoted  to  parlors,  library  and  club  rooms.  The  third 
floor  will  contain  a  fine  private  theater  and  dancing  hall.  Owning  but 
one  boat  in  1872,  the  club  now  possesses  twenty-five  of  the  most 
expensive  boats,  including  a  number  belonging  to  members.  The 
entire  club  property  is  valued  at  $20,000.  The  membership  includes 
160  of  the  representative  young  men  of  Chicago.  The  club  has  now 
over  fifty  hard  fought  victories  in  aquatic  contests,  and  many  flags  and 
gold  medals  attest  its  prowess  in  this  dii'ection.  It  is  a  member  of  the 
"  National  Association  of  Amateur  Oarsmen,"  of  "  The  Mississippi  Val- 


150  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO. 

ley  Amateur  Rowing  Association"  and  of  the  "Northwestern  Amateur 
Association."  The  receptions  and  entertainments  given  by  the  Farragut 
Club  during  the  winter  season  are  regarded  as  among  the  leading  social 
events.  The  officers  are  :  Lyman  B.  Glover,  president ;  Clinton  B. 
Hale,  vice-president ;  George  E.  Blodgett,  secretary  ;  Frank  M.  Staples, 
treasurer ;  George  A.  McClellan,  captain ;  Charles  S.  Downs,  com- 
mander ;  W.  R.  Collins,  Lieut,  commander ;  W.  V.  Booth,  ensign. 

The  Pullman  Athletic  Association  was  incorporated  in  February, 
1883,  as  a  joint  stock  company,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $10,000.  Its 
buildings  are  located  on  Athletic  Island,  Pullman,  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Calumet.  In  addition  to  a  boat  house  there  are  two  fine  grand  stands 
commanding  a  running  track  and  also  the  rowing  course  on  the  lake. 
On  the  mainland  there  are  cricket  and  base  ball  grounds,  controlled  by 
the  club.  Athletic  games  are  given  under  the  auspices  of  the  club 
every  spring  and  fall,  and  several  notable  regattas  have  been  given  by 
it.  In  1883  a  notable  event  on  the  Pullman  rowing  course  was  a 
regatta  in  which  Edward  Hanlan,  John  Teamen  and  all  the  other  lead- 
ing professionals  of  this  countj-  participated.  The  same  year  the 
annual  regatta  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  Amateur  Rowing  Association 
was  held  on  the  same  course.  The  membership  of  the  club  includes 
many  living  both  in  Chicago  and  Pullman.  The  president  is  Mr,  E.  W. 
Henricks  ;  secretary,  W.  R.  Harper  ;  treasurer,  John  Hopkins. 

The  Evanston  Boat  Club  is  composed  of  business  men  of  Chicago, 
who  reside  in  Evanston.  It  was  organized  in  1880  and  now  has  sixty- 
five  active  and  seventy-five  honorary  members.  Its  club  house,  located 
at  Evanston,  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $6,000,  and  its  boats  and 
other  club  property  are  valued  at  $4,000.  The  club  house  is  one  of 
the  best  in  this  section.  It  contains  club  rooms,  toilet  and  reception 
rooms,  and  a  spacious  dancing  hall.  The  club  parties,  readings  and 
other  entertainments  given  by  the  club  are  among  its  leading  features. 
It  belongs  to  the  Mississippi  Valley  Amateur  Rowing  Association,  but 
has  only  taken  part  in  one  contest.  H.  M.  Winnie  is  president ;  F.  K. 
Stevens,  treasurer;  F.  J.  Kitchell,  secretary ;  E.  S.  Sherman,  captain. 

The  Catlin  Boat  Club  was  organized  April  7,  1882,  with  seven 
members.  A  boat  house  was  immediately  erected  at  Cedar  Lake,  Ind., 
thirty-eight  miles  from  Chicago,  which  was  replaced  in  1883  by  a 
larger  and  better  structure.  It  is  28X44  feet,  has  two  stories  and  is 
provided  with  reading,  sleeping  and  other  rooms.  The  club  now  num- 
bers fourteen  members.  It  belongs  to  the  Mississippi  Valley  Amateur 
Rowing  Association,  but  has  only  rowed  in  one  race,  and  has  not  yet 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO.  151 

won  any  prizes.  The  membership  fee  is  $20,  and  the  annual  dues  $12. 
Charles  Catlin  is  president ;  Robert  Meyers,  treasurer ;  Thomas  P.  Hal- 
linan  is  secretary  ;  and  Thomas  W.  Beading,  captain. 

The  Delaware  Boat  Club  was  organized  in  October,  1880.  Its  club 
house  is  located  on  the  lake  shore,  near  the  North  Side  water  works. 
It  is  equipped  with  the  usual  club  conveniences,  and  a  creditable  gym- 
nasium. The  first  entry  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  Amateur  Rowing 
Association  regattas  was  in  1883,  at  Pullman,  where  the  Delaware's  four- 
oared  crew  took  fourth  place.  And  in  1884,  the  club  Avon  the  junior 
and  senior  double  scull  races  of  the  same  association  at  Moline,  111.  The 
club  has  thirty-two  active,  associate  and  honorary  members. 

The  Ogden  Boat  Club  was  the  first  boat  club  organized  on  the 
North  Side  and  dates  its  existence  from  1881.  It  was  chartered  in 
1883,  and  now  has  a  membership  of  thirty,  all  young  men  of  high 
social  'and  business  standing.  It  is  the  strongest  boat  club  in  the 
North  Division.  Its  boat  house  at  the  foot  of  Superior  Street  is  trans- 
formed into  a  gymnasium  during  winter  months.  The  rowing  exercises 
take  place  in  the  lake.  S.  H.  Kerfoot,  Jr.,  is  president ;  Edward  Dick- 
inson, secretary. 

The  Chicago  Canoe  Club  is  composed  of  about  sixty  prominent 
business  men  who  practice  canoeing  for  exercise  and  pleasure.  It  was 
organized  Jan.  11,  1884.  Short  annual  cruises  are  made  by  the  club 
or  in  smaller  parties.  The  headquarters  of  this  club  are  in  rooms  at 
the  Academy  of  Sciences,  263  Wabash  Avenue. 

Tippy  Canoe  Club  is  a  private  canoe  club  of  eighteen  members  from 
the  Chicago  Canoe  Club.  It  was  organized  in  1884,  and  has  a  small 
boat  house  at  the  foot  of  Thirty-fifth  Street. 

The  Iroquois  is  a  boat  club  of  recent  organization  on  the  North 
Side. 

The  Cumberland  Gun  Club  is  devoted  to  the  preservation  of  game 
and  the  enforcement  of  the  game  laws,  and  to  hunting  and  fishing,  and 
kindred  sports.  It  controls,  by  lease  and  purchase,  seven  and  one-half 
square  miles  of  marsh  land  in  Lake  County,  Ind.  The  club  house, 
known  as  "  Cumberland  Lodge,"  is  six  miles  from  Lowell,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad.  A  keeper  is  in  charge  of  the 
club  house  the  year  round.  A  gamekeeper  and  constable  are  also 
employed  during  the  shooting  season.  The  membership  is  limited  to 
seventy-five,  and  the  membership  fee  is  $75.  Semi-annual  meetings 
are  held  at  the  Sherman  House,  in  January  and  July.  John  M.  Smyth 
is  president ;  Chas.  K.  Herrick,  secretary,  and  John  Heiland,  treasurer. 


152  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Tolleston  Club  was  formed  in  1871  by  a  number  of  gentlemen 
of  Chicago,  who  for  years  had  resorted  to  the  marshes  of  the  Little 
Calumet  River  for  duck  and  snipe  shooting.  It  was  incorporated  under 
the  state  law  of  Illinois,  March  27,  1873.  The  tract  of  marsh  land 
owned  by  the  club,  comprising  some  2,100  acres,  lies  in  Lake  County, 
Ind.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  wire  fence  and  is  under  guard  of  efficient 
gamekeepers.  The  club  house  is  located  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
Calumet  River,  nearly  in  the  center  of  the  extensive  marshes.  It  is 
provided  with  ample  conveniences  for  sportsmen,  and  for  the  social 
entertainment  of  the  members  of  the  club.  The  club  property  is  valued 
at  $75,000.  There  are  over  100  members.  F.  A.  How  is  president ; 
Edward  Starr,  secretary ;  and  C.  D.  Peacock,  treasurer. 

The  Audubon  Club  was  chartered  Jan.  21,  1876,  and  has  for  its 
objects  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  for  the  protection  of  game,  the 
education  and  advancement  of  its  members  in  the  art  of  wing-shooting, 
and  the  collection  and  preservation  of  ornithological  specimens.  It 
has  no  special  place  for  shooting,  but  generally  meets  in  Kleinman's 
Park,  at  Grand  Crossing.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  club  is  held  at 
the  Sherman  House,  the  second  Tuesday  in  January.  There  are  thirty- 
five  active  members.  Charles  Kern,  110  LaSalle  Street,  is  president. 

The  Chicago  Sharpshooters'  Association  has  over  150  members, 
nearly  all  Germans,  and  is  the  oldest  German  shooting  club  in  the  city. 
It  was  incorporated  Feb.  16,  1865,  by  act  of  the  legislature  which  gave 
it  the  powers  of  ordinary  business  corporations,  and  summary  powers  in 
dealing  with  delinquent  members.  It  is  devoted  to  rifle  target  prac- 
tice. The  range,  two  hundred  yards  long,  is  in  "  Sharpshooters'  Park," 
an  eighty  acre  tract  of  land  owned  by  the  association,  and  valued  at 
about  $50,000,  about  two  miles  southeast  of  Washington  Heights,  on 
which  are  a  club  house  and  hall. 

The  Mak-Saw-Ba  Club  took  its-rame  from  one  of  the  early  Indian 
chiefs  of  this  region.  It  was  organized  and  incorporated  in  1878,  and 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  organizations  of  the  kind  in  this 
locality.  It  owns  over  3,000  acres  of  land  situated  in  Starke  and  La 
Porte  Counties,  Indiana,  sixty-four  miles  from  Chicago,  especially 
adapted  to  hunting  and  fishing,  and  kindred  sports.  Its  spacious  club 
house  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $2,800,  and  its  membership,  including 
many  prominent  men  of  the  city,  numbers  seventy-five  persons.  The 
rules  adopted  for  the  government  of  the  club  prohibit  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors  on  the  grounds,  and  exclude  gambling  in  any  form. 
No  loaded  gun  is  allowed  in  the  club-house,  and  the  firing  of  guns  is 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO. 


153 


expressly  prohibited  on  the  Sabbath  day.  Semi-annual  business  meet- 
ings are  held  at  the  Sherman  House  on  the  seco.id  Monday  of  Decem- 
ber and  June,  respectively.  George  G.  Newbury  is  president ;  William 
E.  Chamberliu,  treasurer;  and  Charles  D.  Newbury,  secretary. 

The  Fox  Lake  Shooting  and  Fishing  Club  was  incorporated  in  June, 
1879.  Its  membership  is  limited  to  seventy-five,  and  over  fifty  are 
now  enrolled.  The  club  property  is  located  <on  the  west  shore  of  Fox 
Lake,  McHenry  County,  111.  It  consists  of  several  acres  of  land  having 


CLUB  HOUSE. 


ample  shore  line,  with  broad,  clean,  pebbly  beach.  The  entire  grounds 
are  fenced  in  a  substantial  manner,  and  rise  from  the  water's  edge  to 
the  height  of  eighty  feet.  There  are  swings  and  hammocks,  arid  all 
necessary  provisions  for  croquet  and  tennis.  The  main  club-house 
stands  on  a  terrace,  commanding  a  beautiful  view  of  the  lake.  The 
building  is  a  two-story  frame,  three  sides  having  broad  balconies,  over- 
grown with  woodbine.  On  the  crest  of  the  hill  in  the  rear,  and  shaded 
by  trees,  is  "  Pullman  Cottage,"  a  bachelor  retreat  for  the  gentlemen  of 
the  club.  At  the  foot  of  the  bluff  is  the  boat  house,  the  upper  story  of 
which  is  devoted  to  billiards.  The  club  owns  several  hunting  and  fish- 


154  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  Of  CHICAGO. 

ing  boats,  two  small  sail  boats,  six  row  boats,  and  a  large  yacht,  per- 
fect in  model,  rigging  and  finish.  The  cost  of  the  grounds  and 
improvements  was  $14,500.  C.  F.  Hills  is  president,  and  Philo  J. 
Beveridge,  secretary.  J.  M.  Miller,  85  Washington  Street,  is  manager. 

The  Diana  Hunting  Club  owns  2, GOO  acres  of  land  at  Thayer, 
Indiana,  fifty-three  miles  from  Chicago,  on  the  line  of  the  L.  N.  A.  & 
C.  Kailway.  Twenty, acres  of  the  land  are  under  cultivation.  The 
club-house  contains  thirteen  rooms  and  accommodations  for  forty-five 
persons.  The  club  was  incorporated  in  December,  1881.  F.  Freu- 
denberg  is  president ;  J.  A.  Kreutzberg,  8G  Oak  Street,  secretary  ;  and 
E.  E.  Roehl,  treasurer. 

The  South  End  Shooting  Club,  organized  in  1873,  and  subsequently 
incorporated,  is  confined  to  trap  shooting.  Four  contests  are  held  each 
year  at  Watson's  Park,  Grand  Crossing,  for  a  medal,  which  becomes  the 
property  of  the  member  who  wins  it  three  times.  George  T.  Farmer, 
130  LaSalle  Street,  is  secretary. 

The  Sportsmen's  Club  of  Chicago  was  organized  nearly  twelve  years 
ago,  and  has  at  present  thirty  members,  the  limit  pro  /ided  by  the  con- 
stitution. Its  club  house  and  grounds  are  at  Water  Valley,  Indiana,  on 
the  Kankakee  River,  fifty-six  miles  from  Chicago.  C.  A.  Orvis  is  presi- 
dent, and  J.  J.  Flanders,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  North  Chicago  Sharpshooters'  Association,  composed  mostly 
of  Germans,  was  incorporated  in  August,  1879.  It  has  a  membership 
of  about  125,  including  many  prominent  persons.  It  owns  a  tract  of 
twenty -five  acres  of  land  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  town  of  Jeffer- 
son, on  which  is  a  fine  range,  200  yards  in  length,  and  a  large  hall  used 
for  club  purposes.  Matches  are  held  every  Sunday  between  April  15 
and  September  1. 

The  Lake  View  Rifle  Club  is  now  in  the  seventh  year  of  its  history, 
having  been  organized  in  February,  1877.  Its  range  is  200  yards  in 
length,  and  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  finest  in  the  west.  The  grounds, 
which  are  known  as  the  old  Lake  View  House  grounds,  are  nicely  situ- 
ated, and  are  well  shaded  by  large  forest  tress.  The  club  house  is  neat 
and  appropriate.  Regular  shoots  are  held  every  Saturday  during 
seasonable  weather,  commencing  at  2  p.  M.  There  are  thirty-five 
active  and  fifteen  honorary  members.  Seth  F.  Hanchett  is  president ; 
Henry  C.  Bradley,  secretar3T  and  treasurer ;  John  Macauley  is  captain. 

The  Chicago  Shooting  Club,  the  largest  trap  shooting  club  in  the 
city,  was  incorporated  twelve  years  ago  with  but  seven  members.  It 
holds  four  shooting  contests  each  year  at  Kleinman's  Park,  Grand 


MARQUIS    HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  155 

Crossing,  a  medal  being  awarded  to  the  victor  and  becoming  the  indi- 
vidual property  of  any  member  who  may  win  it  three  times.  The  club 
now  has  a  membership  of  sixty-five. 

The  Southwest  Chicago  Sharpshooters'  Association  has  a  range  at 
the  corner  of  Halsted  and  Fifty-second  Streets,  the  grounds  being 
known  as  the  Southwest  Chicago  Shooting  Park.  The  park  is  open 
every  day  for  the  pleasure  of  the  members,  and  the  association  has 
regular  shooting  practice  every  Sunday  during  seasonable  weather.  It 
is  composed  wholly  of  Germans.  It  was  incorporated  March  6,  1877, 
as  the  "  Southwest  Chicago  Schuetzenverein." 

Other  Sportmen's  Clubs  include  the  English  Lake  Shooting  and 
Fishing  Club ;  Lake  George  Sportsmen's  Association ;  Vermillion  Gun 
Club  and  Geo.  H.  Thomas  Rifle  Club. 

The  Chicago  Bowling  Club  was  ( rganized  and  incorporated  in 
1871.  It  now  has  a  membership  of  fifteen  persons.  The  club  house 
and  bowling  alley,  located  at  500  North  Clark  Street,  are  owned  by  the 
club,  and  valued  at  $6,500. 

The  Chicago  Curling  Club  was  organized  about  twenty-five  years 
ago,  for  the  piirpose  of  keeping  up  an  interest  in  the  old  Scotch  game 
of  curling,  which  is  played  on  ice  during  the  winter  months.  The 
lakes  at  Lincoln  Park  have  been  used  for  that  purpose  for  years  past, 
but  the  club  has  recently  purchased  property  on  York  Street,  near 
Ashland  Avenue,  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  for  a  club  house  and  an  artificial 
pond.  There  are  about  100  members,  the  majority  being  natives  of 
Scotland. 

The  Chicago  Cricket  Club  usually  plays  its  games  in  Lincoln  Park 
on  Tuesday,  Thursday  and  Saturday  of  each  week  during  the  season, 
which  extends  from  May  15  to  October  1.  Its  membership,  numbering 
150  persons,  active  and  associate,  includes  many  fine  players,  and  the 
club  is  generally  recognized  as  the  strongest  in  the  west.  It  was 
organized  in  1876,  since  which  time  a  greater  local  interest  has  been 
manifested  in  the  old  English  game  than  ever  before.  Its  roll  of  hon- 
orary members  contains  the  names  of  siich  well-known  persons  as  P.  D. 
Armour,  Gen.  P.  F.  Sheridan,  Mayor  Carter  H.  Harrison  and  others. 
E.  J.  Ogden,  M.  D.,  is  president ;  E.  P.  Palmer,  150  LaSalle  Street, 
secretary ;  E.  E.  Ogden,  M.  D.,  1636  Michigan  Avenue,  treasurer. 

The  Other  Cricket  Clubs  are  all  of  recent  organizafion.  The  Wan- 
derers and  the  St.  George's  Clubs  were  each  organized  in  1883.  Both 
are  strong  clubs.  The  Wanderers  has  about  fifty  members.  Its  play- 
grounds are  at  the  corner  of  Thirty- seventh  Street  and  Indiana  Avenue. 


156  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

F.  Eayfield  is  secretary.  The  St.  George's  Club  plays  at  Lincoln  Park 
four  days  of  each  week.  It  has  about  seventy  playing  members.  W.  J. 
Dowse,  154  Center  Street,  is  secretary.  The  Albion  Club  plays  at 
Douglas  Park.  The  Millard  Avenue  and  the  Eovers  are  new  clubs  on 
the  West  Side.  The  Pullman  Club,  at  Pullman,  is  a  very  strong  club. 

The  Chicago  Racquet  Club  is  an  association  organized  in  1880, 
with  the  view  of  encouraging  a  taste  for  racquets  and  other  similar 
diversions  tending  to  muscular  development.  The  club  is  located  at 
185  Michigan  Avenue,  in  the  same  building  with  the  bicycle  club.  It 
has  a  membership  of  about  fifty.  The  initiation  fee  is  $25,  and  the 
annual  dues  $25.  Samuel  Johnson  is  president. 

The  Chicago  Bicycle  Club  was  organized  in  September,  1879.  It 
has  sixty-five  active  members,  and  an  associate  membership  consisting 
of  friends  of  the  club  who  are  not  bicyclists.  It  uses  the  club  house  at 
185  Michigan  Avenue,  jointly  with  the  Racquet  Club.  The  club  house  is 
provided  with  a  gymnasium,  bowling  alley,  baths  and  an  apartment  for 
bicycle  practice.  Rules  of  the  club  provide  for  five-miles  contests  every 
thirty  days,  and  annual  contests  for  championship  medals.  A  medal  is 
awarded  for  the  greatest  number  of  miles  traveled  by  bicycle  each  year. 

The  Hermes  Bicycle  Club  is  composed  of  about  twenty  young  men 
of  the  South  Side,  under  twenty-one  years  of  age.  . 

The  Armory  Bicycle  Club  has  about  twenty-five  members,  most  of 
them  also  members  of  Battery  D,  State  Guards.  Headquarters  at  Bat- 
tery D  Armory. 

The  Union  Riding  Club  is  a  fashionable  society  of  ladies  and  gen- 
tlemen, and  the  only  riding  club  in  the  city.  It  was  organized  and 
incorporated  in  1882.  Its  spacious  and  handsome  club  house,  pro- 
vided with  all  the  requisites  of  a  first-class  riding  club,  is  located  at 
529  North  Clark  Street.  A  proficient  riding-master  instructs  the  mem- 
bers in  the  equestrian  art.  The  membership  numbers  130  persons,  all 
stockholders  in  the  club. 

The  Chicago  Base  Ball  Club  was  first  organized  in  1870,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  National  Association  of  Base  Ball  Clubs  until  that 
organization  disbanded  in  1876.  Since  that  time  it  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  National  League,  and  is  now  the  only  professional  ball  club 
in  the  city.  It  won  the  championship  in  1876,  1881  and  1882.  The 
year  after  the  great  fire  it  had  no  team  in  the  field.  A.  G.  Spalding  is 
president. 

The  Polo  Clubs  play  polo  on  roller  skates  only.  The  Chicago  Polo 
Club  is  the  oldest.  It  was  organized  in  February,  1884,  and  incorpo- 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  157 

rated  the  following  May.  Its  members  are  patrons  of  the  Casino  Boiler 
Skating  Kink.  The  club  has  played  against  some  of  the  best  clubs  in 
the  country,  and  has  gained  considerable  reputation  for  proficiency.  It 
has  nicely  fitted  up  club  rooms  in  the  Casino  Eink  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  visitors  and  friends.  The  Princess  Polo  Club  was  organized  in 
June,  1884,  from  the  best  skaters  of  the  Princess  Eink.  Its  match 
games  have  so  far  been  confined  to  contests  with  the  Chicago  Club. 

The  Dania  Society,  Kinzie  and  Desplaines  Streets,  was  organized 
Nov.  23,  1862,  as  the  "  Society  Dania,"  and  reorganized  and  incorpo- 
rated under  its  present  name  in  August,  1865.  It  admits  males  only 
to  membership,  and  now  has  about  120  on  its  rolls.  It  gives  substan- 
tial aid  to  members  when  sick  ;  has  a  commodious  hall  and  a  comforta- 
ble library  and  reading  room,  well  supplied  with  Danish  and  American 
publications.  The  reading  room  is  open  from  3  P.  M.  till  midnight 
every  day  for  the  accommodation  of  members. 

The  Chicago  Medico-Historical  Society  meets  at  the  rooms  of  the 
Medical  Press  Association,  No.  188  Clark  Street,  annually,  on  the  last 
Friday  in  April,  and  quarterly  thereafter.  It  was  organized  in  1844. 
It  collects  and  publishes  data  having  reference  to  the  medical  profes- 
sion, and  publishes  annually  a  list  of  physicians  in  good  standing.  Dr. 
P.  S.  Hayes,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Chicago  Dental  Society  was  organized  in  1864.  Its  special 
object  is  to  promote  dental  science  and  to  afford  social  opportunities  to 
its  members.  At  a  recent  annual  meeting  Dr.  G.  V.  Black  was  admitted 
as  the  first  honorary  member.  Dr.  J.  G.  Eeid  is  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Academy  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
is  the  oldest  homoeopathic  society  in  the  city.  It  was  established  in 
1869,  and  its  aim  is  the  advancement  and  improvement  of  homoeop- 
athy and  the  collateral  branches  of  medical  science.  It  has  a  member- 
ship of  fifty,  and  holds  monthly  meetings  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel. 
C.  E.  Ehinger,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Chicago  Eclectic  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  was  organized 
in  1870.  Mutual  benefit  in  the  promotion  of  professional  interests, 
the  communication  and  development  of  useful  and  scientific  knowl- 
edge, and  the  cultivation  of  fraternal  sentiment,  are  the  special  objects 
of  the  society.  Monthly  meetings  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel.  E.  F. 
Kush,  M.  D.,  is  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Medical  Press  Association  is  an  incorporated  joint 
stock  company.  It  provides  a  library  and  reading  rooms,  at  188  Clark 
Street,  with  a  valuable  collection  of  medical  and  scientific  books,  peri- 


158  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

odicals,  etc.,  for  the  use  of  the  stockholders,  who  must  be  members  of 
the  medical  profession  in  good  and  regular  standing.  Dr.  J.  H.  Ether- 
edge  is  secretary,  and  Dr.  J.  N.  Hyde,  editor. 

The  Chicago  Medical  Society  meets  semi-monthly  at  the  Grand 
Pacific  Hotel.  Its  chief  object  is  mutual  improvement  in  the  discussion 
of  professional  and  scientific  matters.  It  is  the  oldest  general  medical 
society  in  the  city.  It  has  a  membership  of  250.  L.  H.  Montgomery, 
M.  D.,  secretary. 

The  Women's  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  meets  at  Eoom  43, 
Central  Music  Hall,  on  the  second  Wednesday  of  each  month.  It  was 
organized  in  1879.  Dr.  Jennie  E.  Smith  is  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Gynecological  Society  was  organized  in  October,  1878, 
and  incorporated  in  1880.  Its  object  is  the  discussion  and  considera- 
tion of  all  subjects  legitimately  connected  with  obstetrics,  gynecology 
and  pediatrics.  Its  meetings  are  held  monthly  at  the  Grand  Pacific 
Hotel.  E.  W.  Sawyer,  M.  D.,  is  secretary  and  treasure  •. 

The  Woman's  Physiological  Institute  was  organized  in  the  summer 
of  1880,  and  is  an  outgrowth  of  the  Chicago  Woman's  Club.  Its  pur- 
pose is  to  disseminate  knowledge  relating  to  the  human  system,  partic- 
ularly with  reference  to  anatomy,  physiology,  hygiene,  the  training  of 
children,  etc.  Mrs.  Helen  Shedd,  3759  Vincennes  Avenue,  is  president. 

The  Medical  Science  Club  was  organized  by  a  number  of  young 
physicians,  July  10,  1883,  to  furnish  able  and  energetic  young  physi- 
cians an  opportunity  to  exchange  information  in  regard  to  their  inves- 
tigations and  discoveries  in  their  respective  specialties.  Its  meetings 
are  held  semi-monthly  in  Koom  38,  Central  Music  Hall.  F.  R.  Day  is 
secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Clinical  Society  of  Hahnemann  Hospital  holds  monthly  meet- 
ings at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel.  The  membership  numbers  about  300, 
composed  of  local  physicians  and  the  alumni  of  Hahnemann  Medical 
College  and  of  colleges  of  the  same  school  in  various  parts  of  the  coun- 
try. The  proceedings  of  the  society  are  published  in  the  Clinique,  a 
monthly  medical  journal.  Dr.  A.  K.  Crawford  is  secretary. 

Other  Clubs  and  Societies,  including  art,  musical  and  scientific 
organizations,  will  be  found  in  more  appropi'iate  chapters.  The  church 
societies  and  literary  clubs,  all  the  temperance  and  secret  societies,  the 
trade  and  labor  unions,  and  organizations  partaking  more  of  a  state  or 
national  than  a  local  character,  and  many  minor  local  organizations, 
have  been  omitted  from  this  volume. 


THE  BURIAL  PLACES  OF  EARLY  CHICAGO,  THE  NEW  CEME- 
TERIES,  AND  THE  TOMBS. 

'T^HE  burials  of  early  Chicago  were  generally  made  near  the  residences 
-»-  of  the  friends  of  the  deceased.  The  first  dead  of  the  fort  were 
buried  on  a  quiet  spot  of  ground  near  the  river  on  the  North  Side,  and 
not  far  from  the  residence  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  the  pioneer  settler,  and  who, 
upon  his  death  in  1828,  Avas  interred  in  the  same  vicinity.  Later, 
those  dying  at  the  fort  were  buried  along  the  sandy  shore  of  the  lake 
on  the  south  side  of  the  river.  The  soldiers  who  -died  of  cholera  in 
1832  were  interred  very  near  the  present  foot  of  Lake  Street.  And 
the  lake  shore,  from  Lake  Street  southward  for  a  distance  of  several 
squares,  seems  to  have  become  a  general  burying  ground  of  the  embryo 
city.  Many  of  the  graves  there  were  afterward  washed  out  by  the  lashing 
waves  of  the  lake.  There  was  also  a  small  burying  ground  on  the  West 
Side,  near  the  forks  of  the  river.  It  is  thought  that  but  few  interments 
were  made  in  it.  In  1835,  under  the  direction  of  the  town  authorities, 
two  cemeteries  were  laid  out,  one  on  the  South  Side  and  the  other  on 
the  North  Side.  The  former  was  located  on  the  lake  shore,  a  short  dis- 
tance south  of  where  Eighteenth  Street  now  reaches  the  lake.  The 
latter  lay  on  the  lake  shore  just  north  of  the  Chicago  Avenue  of  to-day, 
and  east  of  State  Street.  The  North  Side  water  works  occupy  a  por- 
tion of  the  grounds.  The4  South  Side  cemetery  seems  to  have  been 
more  used  at  first,  but  few,  if  any,  burials  took  place  in  it  after  1837. 
Interments  were  made  in  the  North  Side  cemetery  as  late  as  1841  or 
1842.  The  venerable  citizen,  J.  Young  Scammon,  had  a  child  buried 
there,  and  friends  and  relatives  of  other  honored  and  well-known  citi- 
zens still  living,  rested  for  a  time  beneath  its  sod.  The  rapid  growth 
of  the  city,  however,  soon  encompassed  these  cities  of  the  dead,  and 
the  sleeping  inhabitants  were  removed  to  the  cemetery  Avhich  was 
located  on  what  is  now  the  south  end  of  Lincoln  Park.  But  even  here 
the  sacred  precincts  of  the  grave  were  invaded  by  the  resistless  march 
of  the  city.  Soon  after  the  close  of  the  late  war  the  grounds  of  the 
cemetery  were  condemned  for  park  purposes,  and  most  of  the  bodies 


160  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

were  taken  up  and  reburied  in  the  newer  cemeteries  which  had  been 
located  miles  out  amid  the  country  solitudes,  "  far  from  the  maddening 
crowd's  ignoble  strife." 

Rosehill  Cemetery,  located  some  six  and  one-half  miles  north  of  the 
City  Hall,  and  about  one  and  a  half  mile  s  west  of  the  lake,  takes  rank 
with  the  Campo  Santo  of  Pisa,  or  Mount  Auburn,  Laurel  Hill  and 
Greenwood  of  this  country.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  cemeteries  con- 
nected with  Chicago,  and  possesses  a  site  on  a  rolling  upland  from 
thirty  to  forty  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake.  It  encloses  a  space  of 
about  500  acres,  nearly  one-half  of  which  is  improved.  Approaching 
it  from  any  direction,  it  stands  out  in  alto  relief  from  the  level  prairie, 
showing  in  the  summer  a  mass  of  beautiful  green.  The  main  entrance 
to  the  grounds  is  through  a  stately  and  impressive  castellated  stone 
structure  which  contains  a  chapel  appropriately  arranged  for  funeral 
services.  Within  the  grounds  the  winding  and  spacious  macadamized 
walks  and  broad  carriage  drives  are  hard,  smooth  and  noiseless.  The 
slender  lakes  are  bordered  with  spaces  devoted  to  lawns  and  exquisite 
evolutions  of  landscape  gardening.  The  lakes  are  filled  with  water 
from  an  artesian  well  2,279  feet  deep.  There  are  spacious  greenhouses 
and  conservatories  for  propagating  plants,  shrubs  and  flowers  for 
funeral  or  grave  decoration.  The  receiving  vault,  embedded  in  the 
side  of  a  large  grassy  mound,  is  very  complete  in  all  its  arrangements. 
One  of  the  first  memorials  which  attracts  attention,  upon  entering  the 
cemetery,  is  an  obelisk  designating  the  family  lot  of  the  late  P.  F.  W. 
Peck,  who  was  a  well-knoAvn  and  wealthy  citizen  of  Chicago.  It  is  of  a 
dark-colored  granite,  plain,  rich  and  massive.  To  the  west  is  the  beau- 
tiful memorial  shaft,  with  broken  top,  heavily  veiled,  erected  to  that 
gallant  soldier,  Gen.  Edward  Greenfield  Kansom,  who  died  in  the  ser- 
vice of  his  country.  His  memorial  stone  tells  the  story  of  his  soldier's 
career.  On  the  pedestal  is  chiseled: — 


CHARLESTON,    Mo. 

FORT  DONELSON. 

SHILOH. 

CORINTH. 

CHAMPION    HILLS,    Miss. 

VICKSBURGH. 
PLEASANT    HILL,    LA. 


The  monument  to  Geo.  S.  Bangs,  the  originator  of  the  fast  mail  service, 


VIEWS  IN  ROSEHILL  CEMETERY,  LOOKING  EAST  TOWARD  THE  ENTRANCE, 


162  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

in  this  country,  is  one  of  the  most  unique  and  attractive  in  Kosehill. 
It  is  a  massive  tree,  in  gray  stone,  with  top  and  several  branches  broken 
off ;  near  the  base,  in  the  opening  of  a  tunnel,  is  seen  the  rear  of  a  mail 
car.  A  massive  granite  block,  some  three  feet  square,  marks  the 
resting  place  of  Gen.  B.  J.  Sweet,  who  was  commander  of  Camp  Doug- 
las during  the  civil  war.  I;  was  "  erected  by  his  daughter,  Ada."  The 
monument  to  Mrs.  H.  O.  Stone  is  very  interesting.  It  represents  a  lady 
reclining  at  full  length  on  a  couch  and  playing  with  her  child.  The 
latter  lies  on  one  arm  of  the  mother,  whose  other  arm  is  thrown  back 
over  her  head.  The  figures  are  in  the  finest  Italian  marble,  and  are 
masterpieces.  The  Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  Good  Templars,  Firemen's 
Benevolent  Association,  Typographical  Union,  St.  Andrew's  and  St. 
George's  Societies,  Batteries  A  and  B,  and  Bridges'  Battery  are  among 
the  benevolent  and  patriotic  associations  which  are  represented.  The 
soldiers'  monument  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  and  characteristic  me- 
morials on  the  grounds.  On  the  summit  of  the  lofty  shaft  is  a  life-size 
figure  of  a  federal  soldier,  with  full  accoutrements  ;  and  on  the  faces  of 
the  shaft  are  bronze  castings,  each  indicative  of  some  phase  of  soldier 
life.  The  Egleston  and  Stanbro  lot  is  noticeable  for  its  elegant  mon- 
iimental  piece,  which  consists  of  a  square  block  of  stone  raised  on  a 
heavy  pedestal,  and  crowned  with  a  life-size  female  figure,  her  eyes 
fixed  upon  the  sod  and  in  her  hand  a  wreath  of  immortelles.  This 
beautiful  cemetery  was  dedicated  in  the  presence  of  nearly  10,000 
persons,  the  corner  stone  being  laid  by  the  Masonic  orders  with  all  the 
impressive  ceremonies  peculiar  to  their  organization.  The  stone,  of 
Athens  marble,  bears  the  legend  :  "  This  stone  was  laid  July  28,  A.  D. 
1859,  A.  L.  5859,  by  the  Masonic  Order.  M.  W.  I.  A.  W.  Buck,  Grand 
Master."  On  July  11,  1859,  the  first  funeral  cortege  entered  the  cem- 
etery, bearing  the  remains  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Ludlarn.  Since  that  date  over 
20,000  interments  have  taken  place.  Eosehill  Cemetery  Company 
was  incorporated  in  1859.  The  board  of  managers  is  composed  of 
prominent  citizens.  Frederick  Tuttle  is  president ;  Hon.  Van  H.  Hig- 
gins,  treasurer  ;  and  Joseph  Gow,  secretary.  The  city  office  is  at  Koom 
29,  No.  159  LaSalle  Street. 

Calvary  Cemetery,  the  principal  Catholic  burying  ground,  is  situ- 
ated about  ten  miles  north  of  the  City  Hall  on  the  lake  shore.  It  was 
laid  out  in  November,  1859,  and  down  to  the  present  time  nearly  40,- 
000  interments  have  taken  place.  Among  the  distinguished  dead  in 
Calvary,  Bishop  Quartiers  and  Col.  James  A.  Mulligan  were  perhaps  the 
most  prominent.  The  remains  of  the  former  lie  in  the  vault,  it  never 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO.  163 

yet  having  been  decided  where  to  bury  them.  The  citizens  of  the  city 
and  state  have  just  orected  a  befitting  monument  to  the  gallant  soldier, 
Col.  Mulligan.  Handsome  memorials  have  recently  been  placed  on  the 
family  lots  of  M.  and  W.  Devine,  and  of  Chas.  J.  O'Neil,  John  D.  Tully 
and  Philip  H.  Murphy.  The  graves  of  Mrs.  John  Hogan,  P.  W.  Snow 
and  David  Thornton  are  each  surmounted  by  graceful  monuments. 
Richard  II.  Hooley  has  erected  a  costly  family  mausoleum  of  a  unique 
southern  design.  The  P.  J.  Sexton  mausoleum  is  also  rich  and  costly. 
The  monumental  sarcophagus  for  J.  A.  Wolford  and  wife  is  thfi  most 
elaborate  memorial  of  the  kind  in  the  cemetery.  The  majority  of  the 
memorials,  however,  are  of  the  plainer  and  simpler  descriptions,  The 
cemetery  contains  100  acres. 

Graceland  Cemetery  lies  north  of  the  city,  about  two  miles  froni  Lin- 
coln Park,  between  the  lake  on  the  east  and  Clark  Street  on  the  west. 
It  is  about  six  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  and  is  reached  by  a  broad 
drive  along  the  lake  shore  through  Lincoln  Park  and  thence  by  North 
Clark  Street,  or  by  horse  cars  on  Clark  or  State  Street.  The  Chicago  & 
Evanston  Eailroad,  in  course  of  construction,  when  completed  will 
carry  passengers  direct  to  the  cemetery  entrance.  This  beautiful  city 
of  the  dead  occupies  125  acres  of  land  at  a  point  where  the  shore  of  the 
lake  rises  into  an  upland  of  swelling  ridges,  whose  undulating  surface 
presents  a  varied  and  attractive  site.  It  is  laid  out  in  broad  and  wind- 
ing avenues  which  are  so  arranged  as  to  develop  all  the  stronger  of  the 
landscape  effects,  which  consist  of  sinuous  lakes,  clumps  of  woodland, 
stretches  of  lawn  and  meadows,  grassy  depressions,  parterres  exquisite 
in  coloring,  all  harmoni  us,  appropriate,  and  in  keeping  with  the 
solemn  purpose  of  the  inclosure.  Although  a  beautiful  and  picturesque 
spot  in  its  primitive  state,  with  its  wealth  of  native  forest  trees  and 
luxuriant  foliage,  vast  sums  of  money  have  been  expended  in  bringing 
Graceland  to  its  present  perfection.  The  sewerage  system  insures  the 
thorough  drainage  of  every  part  of  the  spacious  grounds.  The  main 
sewer,  leading  to  Lake  Michigan,  was  constructed  at  a  cost  of  over 
$10,000.  The  beautiful  artificial  gems  of  water— Lotus  Pond,  Willow- 
mere  and  Hazelmere— are  supplied  from  living  springs,  and  by  a  system 
of  steam  pumps  water  is  carried  through  a  net  work  of  iron  pipes  to  all 
parts  of  the  cemetery.  During  dry  seasons  the  grassy  lawns  and  flower 
covered  mounds  are  kept  green  and  fresh  \>y  frequent  and  plentiful 
sprinklings.  The  avenues  and  drives  have  been  macadamized,  and 
expense  and  labor  have  not  been  spared  to  make  Graceland  one  of  the 
most  attractive  burying  grounds  in  the  country.  The  new  depot  of  the 


MARQUIS'  HAXD-ftOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  165 

Chicago  &  Evanston  Railway  stands  at  the  eastern  entrance  of  the  cem- 
etery, and  from  its  platform  a  fine  view  of  the  grounds  is  obtained. 
The  depot  itself  is  an  attractive  feature.  It  is  a  compact,  one-storied 
frame  building,  with  many  suggestions  of  Swiss  architecture  in  its 
steep,  overhanging  roofs,  and  in  the  breezy  openness  of  its  columned 
platform.  It  nestles  in  a  dense  grove  of  evergreens,  Avhich  enclose  it 
on  all  sides  save  that  fronting  the  cemetery.  It  not  only  furnishes 
every  convenience  for  passengers,  in  waiting  and  other  rooms,  but  is 
sufficiently  capacious  to  supply  the  cemetery  company  with  required 
office  accommodations.  The  road,  when  opened  to  traffic,  will  prove 
of  the  greatest  value  in  furnishing  a  much-needed  transportation  on 
the  line  of  its  extension.  The  entrance  to  the  grounds,  at  the  junction 
of  North  Clark  Street  and  Graceland  Avenue,  shown  in  the  illustration 
on  page  1 64,  is  a  graceful  piece  of  architecture  of  rough-finished  gray 
stone. 

One  peculiarity  of  Graceland  is  that  it  everywhere  presents  sug- 
gestive features,  which,  while  not  inharmonious  with  the  purpose  of  a 
necropolis,  are  cheerful,  quieting  and  restful.  They  mitigate  the  som- 
bre atmosphere  which  envelops  always  the  resting  place  of  the  dead. 
Standing  anywhere  on  the  banks  of  the  miniature  lakes,  there  are  seen 
in  every  direction  landscapes  of  varied  outlines,  vegetation  reflected  in 
the  peaceful  mirror  of  the  waters,  all  of  which  might  be  mistaken  for 
the  interior  of  an  ornate  park,  were  it  not  that  here  and  there  the  glint 
of  a  marble  column  is  caught.  In  fact,  the  whole  has  a  park-like 
appearance  ;  and  in  this  direction  there  is  developed  a  beautiful  effort 
to  relieve  to  the  utmost  possible  extent  the  extra  solemnity  which  usu- 
ally broods  over  places  of  sepulture.  The  glories  of  spring,  and  the 
rich  fruition  of  summer  are  full  of  suggestions  to  the  mourner  who 
wanders  through  the  shaded  aisles,  of  a  possible  spring  and  summer 
which  have  no  autumn  nor  winter.  Here,  too,  may  be  seen  what  loving 
hands  can  do  to  surround  the  homes  of  the  dead  with  expressive  trib- 
utes of  regretful  remembrance  by  which  even  the  grievous  pangs  of 
separation  are  ameliorated,  the  memories  of  dear  ones  tenderly  pre- 
served, and  much  of  the  gloom  of  the  grave  dissipated.  Many  of  the 
historic  names  of  Chicago  are  to  be  found  on  the  tombs  of  Graceland, 
and  in  the  long  list  of  lot  owners.  The  remains  of  John  Kinzie,  the 
pioneer  citizen  of  Chicago,  find  a  resting  place  here,  after  several  di.s- 
interments  and  removals  from  one  place  to  another.  Col.  John  H. 
Kinzie  was  buried  here  in  1865.  John  H.  Kinzie,  Jr.,  who  was  killed 
at  the  taking  of  Fort  Charles,  White  River,  June  18,  1862,  sleeps  at 


166  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

his  father's  side,  and  other  members  of  this  noted  family  occupy  adja- 
cent graves.  No  stately  monument  murks  their  last  earthly  home  ;  but 
unpretentious  headstones  silently  proclaim  that  they  have  long  since 
ended  the  journey  of  life.  Many  members  of  the  well-known  Ogdeii 
family  are  buried  in  Graceland ;  and  Judge  George  Manierre,  Justin 
Butterfield,  H.  H.  Magie,  Walter  Newberry,  Alexander  Fullerton,  N.  B. 
Judd,  W.  F.  Coolbaugh,  Dr.  Daniel  Brainard  and  E.  G.  Hall,  all  of  whom 
were  honored  and  revered  citizens,  lie  beneath  its  hallowed  sod.  The 
remains  of  John  Calhoun,  the  founder  of  the  first  newspaper  in  Chi- 
cago, rest  here  in  peaceful  silence.  Near  to  the  main  entrance  stands 
the  monument  to  the  late  Eli  B.  Williams,  a  Avealthy  and  respected 
citizen,  who  died  in  Paris,  France,  but  whose  remains  came  back  to 
sleep  in  the  city  of  his  adoption.  The  monument  is  a  lofty  shaft  of 
granite,  surmounted  by  an  emblematic  figure  indicative  of  the 
faith  of  the  living,  and  the  future  of  the  dead.  To  the  right  is  the  lot 
of  the  Armour  family,  in  which  rests  George  Armour,  a  well-known 
merchant.  A  plain,  granite  column  with  an  urnal  top  marks  the  spot, 
characterizing  it  with  elegant  simplicity. 

Strolling  on  the  visitor  encounters  other  graves,  often  of  well-known 
citizens,  as  those  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wesley  Munger.  A  sightly  shaft, 
impressive  in  dimensions  and  outlines,  forty-three  feet  in  height,  is,  in 
its  severe  plainness  and  simplicity,  characteristic  of  the  men 
whose  memory  it  perpetuates.  It  is  the  monument  of  the  Sherman 
family,  whose  head,  Francis  Cornwall  Sherman,  now  resting  within  the 
shadow  of  this  stern  shaft,  was  the  founder  of  the  hotel  bearing  his 
name,  and  was  thrice  mayor  of  Chicago.  A  Corinthian  column  with 
fluted  shaft,  its  entablature  serving  as  the  pedestal  of  a  female  figure 
bearing  a  cross  and  book,  marks  the  last  home  of  Azariah  R.  Palmer,  late 
of  the  firm  of  Palmer,  Fuller  &  Co.  It  is  a  handsome  Avork  in  itself,  and  its 
effect  is  increased  by  the  environment.  A  square  shaft,  some  twenty- 
five  feet  in  height,  and  bearing  on  its  top  a  female  figure— one  of  the 
most  attractive  works  in  Graceland— is  reared  over  the  grave  of  E.  H. 
Haddock,  one  of  Chicago's  wealthy  citizens.  The  Allan  Pinkerton  lot 
contains  the  newly-sodded  grave  of  America's  famous  detective,  and  a 
plain  headstone  which  marks  the  grave  of  Timothy  Webster,  one  of 
Pinkerton's  men,  an  Englishman,  who  was  hanged  as  a  spy  by  the  Con- 
federates, in  Richmond,  Va.  One  of  the  most  conspicuous  monuments 
in  Graceland  is  a  granite  obelisk,  some  forty  feet  in  height,  without 
decoration  of  any  kind,  which  marks  the  resting-place  of  Washington 
Smith,  once  a  wealthy  business  man  of  Chicago. 


16&  MARQUIS'  HAtfD-BOOR  Of  CHICAGO. 

The  massive  memorial  shaft  of  the  '•  Peabody  of  Chicago,"  Jona  han 
Burr,  is  of  Quincy  granite.  It  is  not  as  imposing  as  many  others  ;  but 
Bnrr  does  not  need  granite  or  marble  to  perpetuate  his  memory.  There 
is  scarcely  an  educational  or  charitable  institution  in  Chicago  which 
does  not  possess  a  monument  of  him,  in  the  nature  of  generous  endow- 
ments more  lasting  than  granite.  In  an  open  space,  on  a  low  mound  of 
green,  rises  a  tall  granite  column  finished  with  a  pointed,  ornamental 
cap,  at  whose  base  rests  Eli  Bates,  the  philanthropist.  The  situation  is 
a  charming  one,  although  there  is  a  hint  of  isolation  which  is  not  in 
harmony  with  a  life  which  was  largely  composed  of  close  intimacy  with 
humanity. 

On  the  smooth,  velvety  lawn,  is  the  mausoleum  of  H.  H.  Taylor, 
formerly  one  of  Chicago's  leading  citizens.  It  is  a  superb  piece  of 
mortuary  architecture.  The  walls  are  of  rough-finished  stone.  It  is 
shown  in  an  illustration  on  page  1G7.  Five  p'ersons  are  now  enclosed 
within  its  solid  walls,  or  rather  in  the  catacombs  to  which  it  leads. 
The  Medill  family  lot  contains  the  graves  of  W.  H.  Medill,  of  the  Eighth 
Illinois  Cavalry,  who  died  of  wounds  received  in  battle ;  of  James  C. 
Medill  ancl  of  Samuel  J.  Medill,  late  managing  editor  of  The  Chicago 
Tribune.  A  plain  but  impressive  monument  rises  above  the  spot. 

Perhaps  the  most  elaborate  and  costly  monuments  in  Graceland  are 
those  on  the  family  lots  of  J.  V.  Farwell  and  William  M.  Hoyt.  The 
former  is  of  Scotch  granite,  capped  with  an  urn,  and  from  its  massive 
dimensions  is  the  most  conspicuous  memorial  on  the  grounds.  The 
Hoyt  monument  consists  of  a  heavy  granite  base,  supporting  three  fig- 
ures, emblematic  of  Faith,  Hope  and  Charity. 

The  lot  of  W.  A.  Fuller  has  a  massive  block  of  polished  granite  which 
serves  as  the  pedestal  for  a  female  figure  Avrapped  in  a  classical  robe, 
standing  with  bowed  head,  the  left  arm  resting  gracefully  on  the  right 
and  the  right  hand  holding  stalks  of  wheat.  The  monument  on  the  lot 
of  T.  M.  Avery,  one  of  Chicago's  oldest  citizens,  has  a  massive  pedestal 
from  which  rises  a  circular  shaft,  with  an  Egyptian  capital.  On  this 
capital  stands  a  female  figure  holding  in  her  hands  a  trumpet,  and  gaz- 
ing far  into  the  distance  as  if  waiting  for  the  dawn  of  the  moment  that 
will  permit  her  to  signal  the  resurrection.  The  lot  of  William  Blair 
contains  a  chaste  monument  in  the  form  of  a  tomb.  It  is  massive,  solid, 
with  decorated  frieze  and  pediments,  and  panels  ample  for  the  mortu- 
ary records  of  the  future.  That  of  G.  T.  Abbey,  a  granite  column 
sin-mounted  by  a  figure  of  "  Glory."  That  of  Samuel  Allerton  is  shown 
in  the  accompanying  illustration  ;  the  two  female  figures  represent 


MARQUIS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CFTTCAGO.  169 

Grief  and  Consolation.  That  of  one  of  Chicago's  oldest  and  most 
respected  citizens,  Philo  Carpenter,  is  de  ignated  by  a  plain  column  of 
Italian  marble. 

Among  other  lot  owners,  the  names  of  many  prominent  people  are 
found,  and  many  of  the  lots  are  ornamented  with  beautiful  memorials. 
Some  of  the  most  prominent  of  these  are  Seth  Wadhams,  Mayor  Har- 
rison, Judge  Drummond,  N.  K.  Fail-bank,  Wirt  Dexter,  Joseph  Medill, 
Keith  Bros.,  Jerome  Beecher  and  S.  B.  Cobb,  L.  J.  McCormick,  Albert 
Keep,  T.  W.  Harvey,  John  De  Koven,  Henry  W.  King,  Lorenz  Bren- 
tano,  Volney  C.  Turner,  Daniel  A.  Jones,  Edwin  H.  Sheldon,  the  heirs  of 
the  late  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  Elisha  Eldred,  D.  O.  Shipman,  S.  D.  Sur- 
darn,  Chas.  W.  Sanfoid,  O.  W.  Potter.  Hiram  Wheeler,  Frank  Parmalee, 
A.  F.  Otto,  Dr.  Byford,  J.  H.  Dunham,  R.  W.  Roloson  and  H.  H.  Magie. 
The  oldest  monument  in  the  cemetery  is  that  of  Daniel  Thompson. 
It  is  a  dark  granite  pentagonal  shaft. 

Graceland  was  founded  in  1861  by  Thomas  B.  Bryan,  and  contained 
at  first  only  eighty  acres.  The  first  interment  took  place  on  the  13th 
day  of  April,  1860,  since  which  time  about  40,000  persons  have  been 
buried  there,  the  number  exceeding  that  of  any  other  cemetery  in  Amer- 
ica except  Greenwood,  near  New  York  City.  Graceland  is  controlled 
by  Graceland  Cemetery  Company,  of  which  Bryan  Lathrop  is  president. 

By  provision  of  the  charter,  ten  per  cent  of  the  gross  receipts  from 
the  sale  of  lots  is  set  apart  to  form  "'  The  Graceland  Cemetery  Improve- 
ment Fund,"  which  is  safely  invested,  and  will  draw  compound  interest 
until  such  time  as  the  interest  on  the  fund  becomes  available  under  the 
terms  of  the  charter.  This  fund  insures  the  perpetual  maintenance  and 
preservation  of  the  cemetery.  It  is  held  and  managed  by  the  following 
Board  of  Trustees,  who  are  themselves  lot  owners,  and  are  among  the 
ablest  and  most  responsible  men  of  Chicago,  viz.:  William  Blair,  J.  W. 
McGennis,  Daniel  Thompson,  Marcus  C.  Stearns,  E.  W.  Blatchford, 
Hiram  Wheeler,  George  C.  Walker,  Jerome  Beecher,  Edwin  H.  Sheldon, 
A.  J.  Averill,  John  De  Koven  and  Henry  W.  King. 

The  city  office  of  the  cemetery  is  at  115  Monroe  Street,  Montauk 
Block. 

Oak  Woods  Cemetery  is  located  on  the  east  side  of  Cottage  Grove 
Avenue,  at  Sixty-seventh  Street,  three  and  one-half  miles  south  of  the 
city  limits.  The  plan  of  the  cemetery  was  modeled  after  the  famous 
Spring  Grove  Cemetery,  at  Cincinnati,  and  the  grounds  were  laid  out 
under  the  personal  direction  of  Adolph  Strauch,  superintendent  of  that 
beautiful  home  of  the  dead.  The  design  is  on  the  lawn  system,  and 


170  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

the  grounds  are  divided  into  sections,  each  with  mounds  of  various 
forms  and  sizes,  and  here  and  there  are  scattered  shade  trees  and  clus- 
ters of  shrubbery.  A  superintendent's  house,  a  chapel,  four  green- 
houses and  an  ample  receiving  vault,  have  been  provided.  Three  beau- 
tiful artificial  lakes,  each  from  three  to  four  acres  in  extent,  have  been 
completed,  and  a  fourth  is  nearly  finished.  Oak  Woods  contains  the 
graves  of  some  of  Chicago's  oldest  settlers,  and  of  many  prominent 
citizens.  The  unmarked  grave  of  Jas.  H.  Woodworth,  tAvice  mayor  of 
Chicago,  and  member  of  Congress,  is  found  in  a  secluded  spot.  One  of 
the  most  conspicuous  monuments  in  the  grounds  is  that  rising  above  the 
grave  of  William  Jones,  an  old  settler  and  wealthy  citizen.  Other  well- 
known  names  are  those  of  Dr.  C.  E.  Dyer  and  Charles  Hitchcock.  The 
latter  was  an  eminent  lawyer,  and  president  of  the  last  constitutional 
convention  of  Illinois.  A  plain  granite  monument  marks  the  grave  of 
Col.  W.  J.  Foster,  the  geologist,  and  author  of  various  works  on  the  pre- 
historic races  of  America.  The  monument  recently  erected  to  the  wife 
of  Hon.  Van  H.  Higgins  is  perhaps  the  most  striking  memorial  in  Oak 
Woods.  A  heroic  figure  of  a  soldier  on  guard,  in  pure  white  marble, 
looks  down  upon  the  graves  of  some  sixty  soldiers  who  were  inmates  of 
the  old  Soldiers'  Home,  and  who  died  in  that  institution.  At  each  of 
the  four  corners  of  the  lot  is  a  large  cannon,  placed  there  under  the 
direction  of  Kobert  T.  Lincoln,  secretary  of  war.  In  the  southern  por- 
tion of  the  cemetery  are  buried  over  (3,000  Confederate  dead,  who  died 
prisoners  at  Camp  Douglas.  An  occasional  unpretentious  headstone  is 
the  only  record  of  the  men  who  sleep  beneath.  The  first  injerment  in 
Oak  Woods  was  made  in  1864.  The  entire  number  of  burials  at  the 
present  time  is  nearly  17,000.  The  city  office  of  the  cemetery  is  at 
Eoom  22  Union  National  Bank  Building.  Marcus  A.  Farwell  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Association. 

Mount  Greenwood  is  one  of  the  newest  burying  places,  having  been 
laid  out  as  late  as  1879.  It  is  about  eight  miles  south  of  the  city  limits 
and  contains  eighty  acres.  The  land  has  a  sandy,  undulating  surface 
and  is  dotted  here  and  there  with  ancient  forest  trees.  A  heavy  rustic 
fence  completes  the  enclosure,  and  rustic  seats  have  been  placed  at 
convenient  points  throughout  the  grounds.  A  large  vault — said  to  be 
the  largest  in  the  state —  has  been  constructed.  But  few  burials  have 
yet  been  made  in  Mount  Greenwood,  the  number  being  about  550. 
The  first  interment  was  made  April  28,  1880.  The  Association  was 
incorporated  July  26,  1879. 

Concordia   Cemetery,  nine  miles  west  of  the  city,  and  tw"o  miles 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  171 

west  of  Oak  Park,  contains  about  fifty-eight  acres.  It  was  laid  out  in 
1871  and  is  the  burial  place  of  seven  Evangelical  Lutheran  churches. 
Concordia  is  practically  the  successor  of  the  Wunder,  or  German 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Cemetery,  just  east  of  Graceland.  About  10,000 
interments  have  taken  place  in  Concordia. 

The  German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Cemetery  is  popularly  called 
Wunder  Cemetery,  in  honor  of  the  well-known  German  divine,  Kev. 
Henry  Wunder.  It  was  laid  out  in  1860,  and  contained  only  four  and 
one-half  acres.  In  1866  it  was  increased  to  fourteen  and  one-half 
acres.  But  few  burials  are  made  in  it  now,  all  the  lots  having  been 
taken  twelve  years  ago. 

Waldheim  Cemetery  contains  eighty  acres.  It  was  laid  out  in  1873 
and  the  first  interment  took  place  July  16,  1874.  Nearly  7,000  burials 
have  since  been  made,  principally  Germans.  The  grounds  are  well 
improved.  The  receiving  vault  has  capacity  for  500.  There  is  also  a 
chapel  and  a  local  office.  The  city  office  of  the  association  is  at  78 
Fifth  Avenue. 

Forest  Home  Cemetery  was  laid  out  in  1877.  It  contains  eighty 
acres.  The  site  is  a  portion  of  the  old  Haase  farm.  It  is  about  four 
and  one-half  miles  from  the  city  limits,  on  the  Desplaines  River. 
About  1,000  interments  have  been  made. 

St.  Boniface  Cemetery  is  the  burying  ground  of  the  German  Cath- 
olics. It  is  situated  on  Green  Bay  road,  three  miles  north  of  the  city 
limits. 

The  Jewish  Cemeteries  of  the  city  are  generally  burying  places  owned 
by  the  respective  Jewish  congregations,  although  some  congregations 
lay  their  dead  to  rest  in  sections  of  the  general  burying  grounds.  The 
Kehilath  Anshey  Maarab  Congregation  Cemetery  is  situated  about  five 
miles  north  of  the  city,  on  the  Green  Bay  road,  and  near  Graceland. 
This  congregation  formerly  had  a  burying  ground  in  what  is  now 
a  portion  of  Lincoln  Park,  but  the  bodies  were  disinterred  and  removed 
when  the  property  was  taken  for  park  purposes.  The  general  appear- 
ance of  this  cemetery  is  similar  to  that  of  Graceland.  There  are  but 
few  striking  monuments,  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  being  that 
erected  by  the  Greenbaum  Brothers  over  the  graves  of  their  parents. 
In  the  same  locality  are  the  cemeteries  of  the  Hebrew  Benevolent  Soci- 
ety, established  in  1835  ;  the  Chebrah  Gemiluth  Chasadim  (association 
for  charitable  work);  the  Chebra  Kadisha  Ubikur  Cholim,  B'nai  Sholom, 
all  small  in  dimensions,  containing  but  one  acre  each.  The  monuments 
and  gravestones  are  generally  plain  and  simple  in  design  and  execu- 


172  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

tion,  though  there  are  a  few  exceptions.  The  grounds  overlook  the 
lake  and  are  covered  with  a  fine  second  growth  of  timber,  and  are  gen- 
erally of  a  level  character.  Sinai  and  Zion  congregations  have  a  united 
body  of  lots  in  the  center  of  the  western  portion  of  Rosehill.  The  monu- 
ments are  generally  tasteful  in  appearance,  but  still  of  a  plain  character. 
That  over  the  grave  of  Mrs.  S.  Hyman,  in  the  Sinai  division,  is  perhaps 
the  most  elaborate  of  all.  The  cemeteries  of  the  Beth  Hemidrash  Ha- 
gadol  congregation  (Eussian),  the  North  Side  Hebrew  congregation  and 
B'nai  Abraham  congregation  are  at  Waldheim,  ten  miles  west  from  the 
city,  near  Forest  Home  and  Waldheim  cemeteries  (general  burying 
grounds).  The  cemetery  of  the  society  of  the  Free  Sons  of  Israel  and 
that  of  the  congregation  of  Ohabey  Emunah  are  also  in  this  locality. 
They  occupy  portions  of  the  old  Haase  farm,  formerly  the  property  of 
Frederick  Haase,  and  are  favorably  situated  and  well  improved. 


THE  CHURCHES  AND  THEIR  PASTORS,  AND  THE  OTHER 
RELIGIOUS  ORGANIZATIONS. 

T7ATHER  Jacques  Marquette,  a  Catholic  priest,  was  among  the  first 
J-  white  men  known  to  have  visited  this  locality ;  and  the  next  was 
Rev.  Claude  Allouez,  in  March,  1676,  more  than  two  centuries  ago. 
The  next  visit  was  made  in  1699  by  Revs.  Pinet  and  Bineteau,  one 
of  whom,  at  least,  resided  here  for  some  time.  Then  there  is  an  inter- 
val of  nearly  a  century,  when  the  religious  history  of  Chicago  is 
resumed.  Rev.  Stephen  Badin,  said  to  be  the  first  Catholic  priest 
ordained  in  the  United  States,  visited  this  point  in  1796,  and  returned 
in  1822,  when  he  baptized  Alexander  Beaubien,  which  was  the  first 
occurrence  of  the  kind  in  the  place.  In  1825  the  first  Protestant  min- 
ister made  his  appearance  in  the  person  of  Rev.  Isaac  McCoy,  a  Bap- 
tist, who  preached  to  the  Indians  the  first  sermon  ever  preached  in 
Chicago,  so  far  as  can  be  learned  from  history  or  tradition.  The  first 
Sunday  school  in  Chicago  was  organized  in  1832,  in  which  the  venera- 
ble Philo  Carpenter,  who  is  still  living,  was  an  active  participant.  At 
the  first  quarterly  meeting  in  1833,  Henry  Whitehead  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  he  is  believed  to  be  the  first  Chicago  licentiate.  During 
the  development  of  the  trading  post  into  a  great  metropolis,  the  build- 
ing of  churches  has  generally  led  in  the  march  of  improvement. 
After  the  great  fire  which  annih'lated  so  many  edifices  devoted  to 
church  purposes,  they  rose  again  with  magic  celerity,  and  most  of  them 
came  up  in  a  splendor  and  strength  unknown  before. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  is  the  parent  of  a  number  other  churches 
of  that  denomination  in  the  city,  which  were  founded  by  colonies  sent 
out  from  the  congregation  of  the  First  Church,  and  have,  in  many 
instances,  outgrown  it  in  membership.  The  building  now  occupied  is 
a  fine  stone  edifice  at  the  corner  of  South  Park  Avenue  and  Thirty-first 
S'reet,  and  was  erected  in  1876  at  a  cost  of  $80,000.  The  history  of 
the  church  is  remarkable  for  its  vicissitudes.  It  was  organized  by  Rev. 
Allen  B.  Freeman,  Oct.  19,  1833,  with  nineteen  members,  and  services 
were  for  some  years  conducted  in  what  was  termed  "  Temple  Church," 


174 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


used  by  all  the  early  denominations.  The  financial  troubles  of  1837  pre- 
vented the  construction  of  another  building,  and  a  workshop  was 
transformed  into  a  house  of  worship  for  the  congregation.  In  1844  a 
brick  building,  with  basement,  Ionic  portico  of  six  columns,  and  spire 
112  feet  high,  was  erected  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  LaSalle 
Streets.  This  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  October,  1852,  and  a  new 

building  was 
erected  on  its 
site  the  succeed- 
ing year  at  a  cost 
of  $30,000.  In 
1864  the  ground 
was  sold  to  the 
Chamber  of  Com- 
merce association 
for  $65,000,  of 
which  $15,000 
was  given  to  other 
Baptist  churches 
in  the  city,  and 
the  house  to  Tab- 
ernacle Church, 
and  a  command- 
ing edifice  was 
built,  at  a  cost  of 
$175,000,  on 
Wabash  Avenue 
near  Hubbard 
Court.  After  the 
great  fi  r  e  the 
lecture  room  was 
used  for  relief 

purposes,  over  12,000  meals  being  given  in  it.  But  it  escaped 
the  great  conflagration  only  to  fall  by  the  lesser  one  of  1874, 
after  which  the  present  building  was  erected.  Among  the  noted  men 
who  have  held  its  pulpit  are  Rev.  J.  C.  Burroughs,  D.  D.,  Kev.  William 
Everts,  D.  D.,and  Eev.  Geo.  C.  Lorimer,  D.  D.  The  time  of  its  greatest 
strength  was  in  the  administration  of  Dr.  Everts,  when  it  had  over 
2,000  members.  The  present  membership  is  850,  with  750  pupils 
enrolled  in  the  Sunday  school.  Nearly  6,000  persons  have  been 


THE  FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  175 

received  into  membership  since  the  organization,  about  one-third  of 
them  by  baptism.  The  pastor  is  Kev.  P.  S.  Henson,  D.  D. 

The  Second  Baptist  Church,  corner  of  Monroe  and  Morgan  Streets, 
ranks  among  the  very  largest  in  point  of  membership  and  seating 
capacity,  and  is  probably  the  largest  Baptist  church  in  the  country. 
The  building  is  a  plain,  sombre -looking,  but  very  commodious  and  du- 
rable brick  edifice,  60  by  110  feet,  with  needle  tower  and  a  bell.  The 
auditorium  is  encircled  by  a  gallery,  and  altogether  will  hold  1,800 
people.  The  walls  and  ceiling  are  handsomely  frescoed.  The  large 
lecture  room  in  the  lower  story  will  seat  600,  and  the  small  one  150. 
The  class  rooms,  culinary  department,  etc.,  are  also  in  this  story.  The 
membership  numbers  1,200,  and  there  are  1,250  pupils  in  the  home  and 
mission  Sunday  schools.  The  church  was  organized  Aug.  14,  1843,  as 
the  Tabernacle  Baptist  Church,  by  members  of  the  First  Baptist  Church, 
who  separated  from  that  congregation  on  the  slavery  question.  They 
subsequently  undertook  a  movement  against  secret  societies,  and 
expelled  one  of  their  members  for  being  connected  with  the  Odd  Fel- 
lows. In  1864  the  First  Church,  in  disposing  of  its  property  at  LaSalle 
and  Washington  Streets,  retained  the  lot,  which  it  sold  to  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  and  allotted  the  building  to  those  of  its  members  living 
on  the  West  Side  who  joined  the  Tabernacle  and  formed  the  Second 
Church,  and  the  building  was  removed  to  its  present  site.  Under 
the  able  ministry  of  the  present  pastor,  Eev.  Wm.  M.  Lawrence,  D.  D., 
the  church  has  prospered  and  largely  increased  its  membership. 

Immanuel  Baptist  Church,  Michigan  Avenue  near  Twenty-third 
Street,  is  one  of  the  prominent  churches  of  Chicago.  The  building  is 
perhaps  the  finest  belonging  to  that  denomination.  The  walls  are  of 
Illinois  limestone  and  ornamented  with  Ohio  freestone,  the  architect- 
ure being  in  the  fifteenth  century  Gothic  style.  The  tower  ends  in  a 
spire  216  feet  high.  The  interior  is  artistically  finished  and  richly  fur- 
nished, some  novelties  being  introduced  among  the  accommodations 
usually  found  in  a  church  auditorium.  The  pulpit  and  platform  are 
remarkably  unique  in  design.  A  Gothic  arch  above  the  platform,  sur- 
mounted by  a  cross,  is  forty  feet  high.  The  emerald  green  curtain  of 
silk  chenille,  which  hangs  in  the  arch,  was  woven  to  order  in  Glasgow, 
Scotland.  The  curtains  hanging  from  the  canopy  over  the  plat- 
form surround  the  baptistery,  and  are  drawn  aside  during  baptism. 
The  pews,  arranged  in  semi-circle  form,  are  of  butternut  and  poplar, 
with  black  walnut  ornaments  and  finish.  The  gallery,  encircling 
the  room,  slopes  down  to  the  pulpit  platform  on  either  side.  The 


176  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

vault  of  the  ceiling  is  colored  in  blues,  and  the  whole  room  is 
treated  ecclesiastically  in  the  Gothic  style,  copied  in  part  from 
one  of  the  chapels  of  Notre  Dame  Cathedral  in  Paris.  The  seating 
capacity  is  about  1,800.  There  are  anterooms,  lecture  rooms,  Sunday 
school  rooms  and  all  other  appointments  requisite  to  a  modern  church 
structure.  Immanuel  Church  proper,  was  organized  May  10,  1881. 
It  is  the  outgrowth  of  Edina  Place  Church,  founded  in  1856,  afterward 
removed  to  th  2  corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Eighteenth  Street,  the 
name  changing  to  Wabash  Avenue  Church.  In  1868  or  '69  Wabash 
Avenue  Church  was  removed  to  Michigan  Avenue,  the  site  now  occupied 
by  Immanuel  Church,  and  took  the  name  of  Michigan  Avenue  Church. 
The  building  having  been  destroyed  by  fire  in  February,  1881,  the 
congregation,  with  about  150  members  from  the  First  Baptist  Church, 
organized  Immanuel  Church,  and  rebuilt  the  present  church  edifice  at 
a  cost  of  $70,000.  Rev.  Geo.  C.  Lorimer,  D.  D.,  of  the  First  Church, 
who  had  been  active  in  the  movement,  was  called  to  the  pastorate. 
Prior  to  this  the  names  of  Revs.  Robert  Boyd,  E.  G.  Taylor,  D.  D.,  Sam- 
uel Baker,  D.  D.,  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  D.  D.,  F.  M.  Ellis  and  J.  W.  Curtis, 
D.  D., appeared  on  the  list  of  pastors.  Immanuel  Church  was  dedicated 
on  Christmas  Day,  1881.  It  is  located  in  the  midst  of  an  attractive 
residence  section,  noted  for  its  wealth  and  refinement.  The  member- 
ship now  numbers  over  600  with  about  500  children  in  the  Sunday 
school.  Dr,  Lorimer  remains  in  charge.  He  ranks  among  the  most 
noted  orthodox  ministers  of  the  country. 

The  Central  Baptist  Church  was  organized  June  23,  1873,  and 
reorganized  Oct.  10,  1877,  to  receive  some  members  and  property  of 
the  North  Church,  when  it  assumed  the  name  "  Central."  Services  have 
been  mainly  conducted  in  the  chapel,  No.  290  Orchard  Street,  but  a 
new  building  is  in  course  of  erection  on  Belden  Avenue,  on  a  lot  75  by 
125  feet.  This  building,  Avhich  is  shown  in  the  accompanying  illustra- 
tion, Avill  cost  about  $40,000.  The  church  has  a  membership  of  225  ; 
has  330  children  in  its  Sunday  school,  and  200  in  an  industrial  school. 
Rev.  C.  H.  DeWolf  was  the  first  pastor.  Rev.  E.  O.  Taylor,  the  present 
pastor,  has  occupied  the  pulpit  since  July  19,  1877. 

The  Fourth  Baptist  Church,  corner  of  Washington  Boulevard  and 
Paulina  Street,  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  mission  Sunday  school  on  West 
Lake  Street,  near  Bryan  Place,  and  was  originally  called  Union  Park 
Church.  The  building  is  a  plain  frame  with  an  unfinished  spire.  The 
main  auditorium  is  neatly  but  plainly  furnished,  and  there  is  a  commo- 
dious lecture  room  in  the  basement.  The  membership  is  450,  with  450 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  177 


ISSJ  ^jglp£:: 


12 


CENTRAL  BAPTIST  CHURCH. 


178  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

pupils  in  its  Sunday  school,  and  250  pupils  in  Trinity  Mission  Sunday 
schqol  at  Indiana  and  Lincoln  Streets.  Centennial  and  Western  Avenue 
churches  are  offshoots  of  this  congregation.  During  the  pastorate  of  Kev. 
Florence  McCarthy,  from  1860  to  1863,  a  schism  occurred,  a  number  of 
members  withdrawing  and  forming  a  separate  church.  The  breach  was 
measurably  healed,  however,  and  the  congregations 'were  united  July 
8,  1874,  under  the  present  name.  The  pastor,  Kev.  J.  Spencer  Ken- 
nard,  D.  D.,  an  able  and  popular  divine,  took  charge  Jan.  1,  1882. 

Centennial  Baptist  Church,  corner  of  Jackson  and  Lincoln  Streets, 
is  the  aggregation  of  several  detached  Baptist  elements  on  the  West 
Side.  The  building  was  erected  by  seceders  from  Union  Park  Church, 
who  organized  under  the  name  of  Ashland  Avenue  Church.  When  the 
breach  was  healed,  a  few  who  remained  with  the  Ashland  Avenue  Church, 
were  joined  by  some  unafflliated  Baptists  on  the  West  Side,  a  new 
organization  was  effected,  and  the  present  name  adopted.  The  edifice 
is  a  plain  brick  structure,  Gothic  in  style,  the  main  building  42X85 
feet,  with  a  rear  extension  26x50  feet  for  lecture  and  infant  class 
rooms.  The  interior  is  neatly  frescoed,  and  will  seat  500  people.  The 
pastors  have  been  Eevs.  N.  E.  Wood,  C.  E.  Hewitt,  D.  D.,  and  A.  H. 
Parker.  Mr.  Parker  still  occupies  the  pulpit. 

The  Central  Church  of  Christ  (Christian;,  corner  of  Indiana  Avenue 
and  Twenty-fifth  Street,  was  formed  by  consolidation  of  the  First  and 
South  Side  Christian  Churches,  in  August,  1882.  The  united  congre- 
gations worshiped  for  a  time  in  a  building  at  the  corner  of  Prairie 
Avenue  and  Thirtieth  Street,  removing  to  the  present  location  Jan.  1, 
1883.  The  building  is  a  frame,  with  stained  glass  windows,  and  has 
seating  capacity  for  500  persons.  The  membership,  largest  of  the 
denomination  in  the  city,  is  "160.  The  Sunday  school  has  an  enroll- 
ment of  about  300  pupils.  Rev.  Henry  Schell  Lobingier  is  pastor. 

St.  James'  Church  (Episcopal),  at  the  corner  of  Cass  and  Huron 
Streets,  is  the  oldest  church  of  its  denomination  in  Chicago.  The 
building,  which  was  erected  in  1873,  is  a  splendid  structure.  The  width 
of  transept,  north  and  south,  is  109  feet,  and  the  depth  of  the  nave 
173  feet.  In  the  vestibule  is  a  beautiful  monument  to  the  memory  of 
those  of  the  parish  who  died  in  the  war.  There  are  some  handsome 
windows  and  mural  brasses,  and  in  the  tower  is  a  fine  chime  of  bells, 
the  gift  of  the  Carter  family.  The  number  of  communicants  is  about 
700.  In  the  Sunday  school  there  are  between  three  and  four  hundred 
pupils,  and  the  Bible  class  for  young  men  numbers  more  than  one  hun- 
dred. The  first  service  in  the  history  of  the  congregation  was  held 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


179 


Oct.  10,  1834,  by  Kev.  Palmer  Dyer,  when  the  nucleus  of  a  parish 
organization  was  formed  by  W.  H.  Egan,  Dr.  Philip  Maxwell,  Gordon  S. 
Hubbard,  John  S.  Kinzie  and  others.  This  service  was  held  in  the 
Presbyterian  church  at  the  invitation  of  the  pastor,  Kev.  Jeremiah 
Porter.  The  organization  as  St.  James'  Church  was  effected  in  1835, 
Kev.  Isaac  W.  Hallam  being  the  rector.  Tippecanoe  Hall,  at  the  corner 
of  Kinzie  and  Wolcott  (now  State)  Streets,  was  occupied  for  a  time  but 
a  building  was 
erected  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Clark  and 
Illinois  Streets 
on  two  lots  do- 
nated by  Mr.  Kin- 
zie,and  was  occu- 
pied March  26, 
1837,  and  form- 
ally dedicated  by 
BishopPhilander 
Chase,  June  25, 
1837.  It  was  the 
first  brick  church 
edifice  in  Chica- 
go, and  in  the 
belfry  was  placed 
the  first  church 
bell  brought  -to 
Chicago,  and 
which  had  been 
first  rung  here  on 
Christmas  mom-  ST-  JAMES'  E««»PAL  CHURCH. 

ing,  1836.  Twenty  years  later,  in  1857,  the  parish  built  a 
handsome  stone  edifice  at  Cass  and  Huron  Streets,  at  a  cost, 
exclusive  of  ground  and  tower,  of  over  $80,000.  A  rectory  was  erected 
at  the  same  time.  Subsequent  enlargements  and  improvements  brought 
the  cost  to  nearly  $200,000  at  the  time  of  the  fire  of  1871,  when  the 
whole  was  destroyed,  only  the  monument  above  mentioned  being  saved. 
The  vestibule,  however,  was  sufficiently  restored  to  be  used  as  a  chapel 
until  the  erection  of  the  present  edifice  was  commenced.  Many  dis- 
tinguished divines  have  held  the  pttlpit  of  St.  James.  Rev.  Robert 
Clarkson  had  been  rector  for  seventeen  years,  when  he  was  called  to  the 


180  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

bishopric  of  Nebraska.  Rev.  J.  H.  Kyland,  D.  D.,  was  rector  for  four 
years,  during  which  the  noble  vestibule,  tower  and  chapel  were  com- 
pleted in  time  to  feed  the  conflagration.  Rev.  H.  M.  Thompson,  now 
Assistant  Bishop  of  Mississippi,  was  rector  at  the  time  of  that  calamity. 
Kev.  Arthur  Brooks  succeeded,  and  was  foUowed  by  Rev.  Dr.  Harris, 
now  Bishop  of  Michigan.  The  present  rector,  Rev.  Wm.  H.  Vibbert, 
D.  D.,  succeeded  Rev.  Dr.  Courteney,  in  January,  1883.  Under  his  rec- 
torship the  debt  of  $35,000  which  rested  on  the  parish  was  paid  in 
April  of  that  year,  and  the  church  was  consecrated  May  31  of  the  same 
year.  A  surpliced  choir  was  introduced  May  4,  1884,  and  the  parish 
seems  to  have  entered  upon  a  new  era  of  prosperity. 

Trinity  Church  (Episcopal)  grew  out  of  the  desire  of  a  number  of 
members  of  St.  James'  parish  to  have  a  church  located  on  the  south 
side  of  the  river.  The  entire  territory  of  the  south  division  of  the  city 
was  allotted  to  the  new  parish,  and  the  church  was  organized  Aug.  1, 
1843.  It  occupied  a  fine  stone  edifice  in  1871,  and  lost  it  in  the  great 
fire.  Nov  22,  1874,  the  present  handsome  stone  structure  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Michigan  Avenue  and  Twenty-sixth  Street  was  occupied.  It  is 
Gothic  in  style,  and  has  seating  capacity  for  over  1,000  persons. 
The  church  has  a  membership  of  457,  and  the  Sunday  school  an  enroll- 
ment of  more  than  800,  with  an  average  attendance  of  over  GOO.  The 
names  of  the  late  Bishop  Whitehouse  and  Rev.  R.  A.  Holland,  S.  T.  D., 
appear  in  the  list  of  rectors.  The  parish  contributes  about  $20,000 
annually  to  missions  and  charities.  Among  the  organized  agencies  are 
St.  Luke's  Hospital  Society  and  Trinity  Guild.  The  present  rector, 
Rev.  L.  S.  Osborne,  took  charge  Jan.  1,  1884. 

The  Cathedral  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  corner  of  Peoria  Street 
and  Washington  Boialevard,  is  the  cathedral  church  of  the  Episcopal 
see  of  Illinois.  It  was  organized  March  18,  1850,  as  the  Church  of  the 
Atonement,  with  nineteen  members.  The  first  meetings  were  held  in 
Temperance  Hall,  at  the  corner  of  Randolph  and  Canal  Streets,  but  in 
1851  the  present  location  was  secured.  Rev.  Dudley  Chase,  son  of  the 
late  Rt.  Rev.  Philander  Chase,  first  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Illinois, 
was  the  first  rector.  On  his  resignation,  in  1857,  the  property  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Rt.  Rev.  Henry  J.  Whitehouse,  successor  of  Bishop 
Chase  in  the  see  of  Illinois,  and  by  him  the  building  was  enlarged  and 
beautified,  and  at  first  was  known  as  the  "Bishop's  Church."  He 
inaugurated  the  modified  cathedral  system  of  the  American  church, 
which  now  numbers  some  fifteen  cathedrals,  this  church  being,  in 
1867,  formally  designated  a  cathedral,  and  so  recognized  by  the  dio- 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  181 

cesan  convention.  The  Bishop  appointed  and  gazetted  Revs.  J.  H. 
Knowles,  C.  P.  Dorset  and  Geo.  C.  Street,  as  canons.  The  building, 
having  been  freed  from  dejjt,  was  solemnly  consecrated  Dec.  10,  1879. 
It  is  a  very  unique  stone  structure  in  the  extreme  Gothic  style,  and  is  espe- 
cially attractive  in  the  interior,  having  a  beautiful  altar  of  piire  white 
marble  and  a  handsome  reredos.  There  is  also  a  commodious  brick 
building  in  the  rear,  intended  for  a  "  clergy  house  "  and  other  purposes 
connected  with  the  cathedral  work.  Canon  Knowles,  who  faithfully 
administered  the  affairs  of  the  congregation,  and  under  whom  the  large 
surpliced  choir  of  men  and  boys  attained  the  great  excellence  in 
the  choral  rendering  of  the  church  service  for  which  the  cathedral  is 
noted,  resigned  in  May,  1884,  to  take  charge  of  the  new  mission  of  St. 
Clement,  on  the  South  Side,  which  has  been  inaugurated  under  very 
promising  auspices.  Bishop  McLaren  is  the  present  diocesan. 

Grace  Church  Parish  (Episcopal)  was  organized  May  19,  1851. 
Rev.  Cornelius  Swope,  now  assistant  pastor  of  Trinity  Church,  New 
York,  was  the  first  rector.  A  church  was  built  on  the  northwest  corner 
of  Dearborn  and  Madison  Streets,  seating  about  300.  Mr.  Swope  was  suc- 
ceeded June  25,  1854,  by  Kev.  Louis  L.  Noble,  the  well-known  art 
critic,  who  remained  only  a  year,  and  was  succeeded  June  9,  185G,  by 
Eev.  Jno.  W.  Clark.  Under  Mr.  Clark's  rectorship  the  church  was 
removed  to  the  corner  of  Peck  Court  and  Wabash  Avenue,  and  greatly 
enlarged.  A  chapel  was  also  built  on  the  rear  of  the  lot.  Mr.  Clark 
remained  until  June  12,  1859.  In  July  of  that  year  Eev.  Clinton 
Locke,  D.  D.,  the  present  rector,  was  called  to  the  charge.  There  were 
then  about  eighty  communicants.  In  1863  a  handsome  parsonage  was 
built  in  the  rear  of  the  church  edifice.  In  July,  1864,  the  building  was 
again  enlarged.  In  1867  the  lot  for  the  present  structure  on  Wabash 
Avenue  between  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  Streets  was  purchased,  the 
Peck  Court  property  sold,  and  the  new  church  was  finished,  and  opened 
on  Easter  Day,  1869.  In  May,  1876,  a  cyclone  blew  off  the  steeple  and 
damaged  the  church  to  the  amount  of  $14,000.  In  the  summer  of 
1882  the  vestry  purchased  twenty-two  feet  north  of  the  church,  and 
OH  Easter  Day,  1884,  the  whole  remaining  debt  of  the  church,  $20,- 
000,  was  paid.  In  January  of  the  same  year,  Dr.  Locke  celebrated  the 
twenty-fifth  year  of  his  rectorship  and  was  made  the  happy  recipient 
of  many  flattering  testimonials  of  respect  and  affection,  not  only  from 
his  own  congregation,  but  from  his  fellow  citizens,  his  bishop  and 
brother  clergymen.  In  July,  1884,  the  church  was  thoroughly  redec- 
orated and  put  in  repair.  It  is  a  handsome  stone  edifice  of  French 


182  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OP  CHICAGO. 

Gothic  architecture,  with  uncompleted  tower  and  spire.  It  is  sixty-six 
feet  wide  and  130  feet  long,  with  chapel  in  the  rear,  seats  1,000  per- 
sons, has  about  600  communicants,  a  Sunday  school  of  800,  and  an 
industrial  school  of  250  children.  It  takes  a  very  active  part  in  the 
support  of  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  which  was  founded  by  it. 

The  Church  of  the  Epiphany  (Episcopal)  was  organized  in  the  fall  of 
1868,  and  the  parish  took  possession  of  its  first  house  of  worship,  on 
Throop  Street  between  Adams  and  Monroe,  on  Epiphany  Day,  1868. 
Rev.  K.  T.  Sims  was  the  first  rector.  The  parish  has  about  110  fami- 
lies, with  375  communicants,  and  a  Sunday  school  numbering  about 
300  children  and  teachers.  The  parish  owns  the  property  on  Throop 
Street  and  100  by  150  feet  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Ashland  Avenue 
and  Adams  Street,  on  which  a  large  and  permanent  church  edifice  will 
be  erected,  the  present  building  being  wholly  inadequate  and  unsatis- 
factory. The  rector,  Kev.  Theodore  N.  Morrison,  came  to  the  charge 
in  December,  1876. 

Christ  Church  (Reformed  Episcopal),  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Mich- 
igan Avenue  and  Twenty-fourth  Street,  was  organized  Nov.  1,  1855, 
and  has  grown  from  seven  communicants  to  575,  with  1,000  pupils 
enrolled  in  its  Sunday  school.  The  edifice,  which  is  of  stone  and  has 
seating  capacity  for  1,000  persons,  was  erected  in  1865,  and  has  since 
been  several  times  remodeled,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  attractive 
places  of  worship  in  the  city.  The  style  is  a  simple  Gothic,  the  west 
front  presenting  very  happy  effects  of  broken  masses,  and  light  and 
shade.  There  is  a  central  porch,  or  vestibule,  flanked  on  either  hand 
by  a  tower ;  that  on  the  northern  corne?  being  in  campanile  form,  and 
rising  to  a  height  of  100  feet.  The  interior  is  finished  in  a  very  artis- 
tic manner,  the  roof  open  timbered,  and  the  walls  beautifully  tinted, 
especially  in  the  chancel.  After  the  organization  the  pulpit  was  tem- 
porarily filled  by  various  clergymen,  but  the  first  permanent  rector  was 
Eev.  Charles  Edward  Cheney,  who  came  to  the  church  in  March,  1860, 
and  still  holds  the  rectorship.  The  views  of  rector  and  people  have 
always  been  decidedly  "Low  Church,"  or  evangelical,  and  the  refusal 
of  the  rector  to  use  certain  expressions  in  the  baptismal  office,  which 
he  believed  to  be  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God,  led  to  a  long  contro- 
versy with  Bishop  Whitehouse.  Dr.  Cheney  was  tried  and  deposed 
from  the  ministry,  but  his  trial  and  sentence  were  declared  of  no  effect 
by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  so  that  he  is  still,  in  the  eye  of  the 
law,  a  presbyter  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  His  church 
refusing  to  give  up  their  rector,  pastor  and  people  became  for  a  time 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Of  CHICAGO.  183 

practically  independent,  and  so  remained  till  in  December,  1873, 
Bishop  G.  D.  Cummins  founded  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church.  The 
new  organization  fell  in  exactly  with  the  views  of  Christ  Church,  and 
on  Dec.  2,  1873,  Dr.  Cheney  Avas  elected,  and  soon  after  consecrated,  a 
bishop  of  the  new  church.  Feb.  18,  1874,  Christ  Church  was  formally 
reorganized  as  a  Reformed  Episcopal  Church.  Rev.  J.  W.  Farley  is 
assistant  minister. 

St.  Paul's  Church  (Reformed  Episcopal)  was  organized  in  1873, 
with  Dr.  Samuel  Fallows  as  its  rector.  After  his  election  to  the  mis- 
sionary bishopric,  the  pulpit  was  occupied  successively  by  various 
ministers.  At  the  fourth  general  council  of  the  Reformed  Episcopa 
Church,  held  in  Ottawa,  Canada,  in  July,  1876,  Dr.  Fallows  was  elected 
bishop  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  West  and  Northwest,  and  three  years 
later  again  resumed  the  rectorship  of  St.  Paul's,  in  connection  with  his 
duties  as  bishop.  The  membership  of  the  church  numbers  460,  and  of 
the  Sunday-school  about  250.  The  new  church  edifice  is  on  the  corner 
of  Adams  Street  and  Winchester  Avenue.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful churches  on  the  West  Side.  It  will  accommodate  800  people. 
The  interior  is  beautifully  finished.  The  building  [formerly  occupied 
was  on  the  corner  of  Washington  Boulevard  and  Carpenter  Street. 

Grace  Church  (Evangelical  Lutheran)  was  organized  Sept.  3,  1882. 
It  occupies  a  portion  of  its  unfinished  building  at  Chicago  Avenue  and 
Franklin  Streets,  which  has  seating  capacity  for  400  people.  It  has  a 
splendid  memorial  window  of  stained  glass,  forty-four  and  one-half 
feet  high  and  containing  412  square  feet,  and,  with  two  smaller  ones, 
bearing  the  names  of  Melchior  Muhlenberg,  founder  of  American 
Lutherism,  and  of  others  prominent  in  the  church.  The  number  of 
members  is  seventy,  and  of  Sunday  school  pupils  200.  The  pastor,  Rev. 
Lee  M.  Heilman,  was  the  organizer  of  the  church. 

The  First  Congregatiqnal  Church,  corner  of  Washington  Boulevard 
and  Ann  Street,  is  the  oldest  Congregational  Church  in  the  city.  It 
was  instituted  May  22,  1851,  the  membership  being  at  first  composed 
of  Presbyterians  who  withdrew  from  that  denomination  on  the  slavery 
issue,  in  which  the  church  afterward  took  a  prominent  part.  It  had 
several  removals  and  was  twice  burned  out  before  settling  in  its  present 
commodious  edifice.  A  church  building  erected  in  1868  was  partially 
destroyed  by  fire,  and  was  rebuilt,  the  side  walls  being  used  in  the 
present  structure,  which  is  a  massive  stone  edifice,  plain  Gothic  in 
style,  and  cruciform.  It  is  165  feet  deep,  and  the  extreme  width  of  the 
transept  is  100  feet.  The  interior  decoration  is  artistically  elegant,  the 


184  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

finish  being  of  black  walnut  and  oak.  The  nave  and  transept  contain 
14,000  square  feet,  the  roof  being  a  clear  span,  and,  with  the  gallery, 
seats  over  2,000  people.  The  three  large  triangular  windows  contain 
elaborate  allegorical  ornamentation  in  stained  glass.  The  front  window 
represents  the  firmament,  having  mimerous  stars  among  its  artistic 
tracery,  and  bearing  appropriate  inscriptions.  One  of  the  transept 
windows  represents  the  crucifixion,  and  the  other  the  resurrection, 
each  having  suitable  inscriptions  and  emblems.  The  pastor's  study  is 
on  the  main  floor.  The  spacious  lecture,  Sunday  school,  class,  library 
and  dining  rooms,  and  the  culinary  department,  are  all  in  the  basement, 
and  very  conveniently  arranged  and  completely  furnished.  The  infant 
class  room  is  a  model,  the  seats  being  placed  like  those  of  an  amphi- 
theater. Immediately  after  the  great  fire  the  building  was  used  for  a 
time  as  the  headquarters  of  the  city  government.  This  church  is  inde- 
fatigable in  religious  and  philanthropic  work.  It  sustains  several 
branch  churches,  a  mission  school,  and  two  industrial  schools.  It  has 
received  2,948  persons  into  membership  since  its  organization,  and 
now  has  a  membership  of  1,309.  Kev.  W.  W.  Patton,  D.  D.,  was  pas- 
tor for  over  eight  years,  including  the  period  of  the  war,  during  which 
the  church  was  active  in  support  of  the  Union  cause,  sending  sixty- 
nine  of  its  members  to  the  army.  The  present  pastor,  Eev.  Edward  P. 
Goodwin,  D.  D.,  was  installed  Jan.  10,  1868. 

The  New  England  Church  (Congregational^,  corner  of  Dearborn 
Avenue  and  Delaware  Place,  was  formally  instituted  June  15,  1853. 
The  building  was  erected  on  the  site  of  one  built  by  the  church  in 
1865,  and  destroyed  by  the  great  fire.  It  is  an  elegant  cruciform 
structure  of  stone,  and  contains  memorial  stones  from  Delft  Haven, 
Scrooley  and  Plymouth,  and  a  stone  baptismal  font  from  Scrooley.  It 
cost  about  $150,000,  and  was  completed  in  the  winter  of  1875.  The 
church  has  received  about  1,000  members  since  its  organization,  and 
now  has  about  475  members,  and  900  pupils  in  its  Sunday  schools. 
Lincoln  Park  Congregational  Church  was  built  up  by  it,  and  it  has  just 
expended  some  $13,000  in  erecting  a  mission  chapel  on  Sedgwick 
near  Blackhawk  Street.  Kev.  Leander  T.  Chamberlain  entered  the 
ministry  as  pastor  of  this  church,  and  remained  in  charge  about  eight 
years.  Rev.  Arthur  Little,  the  present  pastor,  was  installed  early  in 
1878. 

Union  Park  Congregational  Church,  corner  of  Ashland  Avenue  and 
Washington  Boulevard,  has  830  members,  with  1,300  pupils  in  its 
Sunday  schools.  The  building,  which  was  completed  anl  dedicated  in 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF   CHICAGO. 


185 


the  fall  of  1871,  is  one  of  the  largest  church  edifices  in  the  city,  cov- 
ering 100X125  feet  of  ground.  It  is  Gothic  in  style,  built  of  rough- 
dressed  stone,  and  cost  over  $200,000.  The  nave  is  an  amphitheater, 
with  an  extensive  gallery,  giving  a  seating  capacity  of  2,200.  The 
basement  contains  a  spacious  Sunday  school  and  lecture  room,  with 
seats  for  1,000  people,  two  Bible  class  rooim.  library,  study  and  par- 
lors. The  spire 
is  175  feet  high. 
The  church  was 
organized  May 
22,  1860,  by 
the  faculty  of 
the  Chicago 
Theological 
Seminary,  and 
the  pulpit  was 
for  some  years 
occupied  b  y 
professors  from 
that  institution. 
Soon  after  its 
organization  a 
mission  Sunday 
school,  which 
was  organized 
by  the  First 
Congregational 
Church  in  June, 
1858,  united 
with  it,  largely 

increasing        its  UNION  PARK  CHURCH-  FROM  UNION  PARK. 

strength  and  support.  Rev.  Chas.  D.  Helmer  was  pastor  for  nine  years. 
The  present  pastor,  Rev.  Frederick  A.  Noble,  D.  D.,  took  charge  April 
20,  1879. 

Plymouth  Congregational  Church,  Michigan  Avenue  near  Twenty- 
sixth  Street,  ranks  among  the  leading  churches  of  the  city.  It  was 
organized  in  December,  1852,  by  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  who  wrere  dissatisfied  with  the  mild  course  of  the  denomination 
on  the  slavery  question.  The  church  edifice  is  a  graceful  stone  struct- 
ure, the  interior  artistically  decorated,  and  the  whole  costing,  with  the 


186  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOS:  OF  CHICAGO. 

organ,  about  $150,000.  It  has  a  frontage  of  110  feet,  and  a  depth  of 
160  feet.  The  main  auditorium,  which  is  finished  in  black  walnut 
throughout,  seats  1,400  persons  comfortably.  The  rear  portion  of  the 
building,  containing  lecture  room,  Sunday  school  rooms,  committee 
room,  cloak  room,  parlor,  pastor's  study  and  janitor's  apartments,  is 
divided  into  three  stories.  It  was  occupied  for  the  first  time  on  July 
4,  1875.  The  minarets  formerly  on  the  church  will  soon  be  replaced 
by  more  appropriate  ornaments.  The  church  membership  numbers 
over  700,  and  the  Sunday  school  has  over  1,100  pupils.  The  church 
is  noted  for  the  excellence  of  its  choir.  It  is  located  in  one  of  the  best 
residence  portions  of  the  city.  It  sustains  a  prosperous  local  mission 
church,  and  in  part  a  mission  church  and  school.  The  pastor  is  Rev. 
Henry  M.  Scudder,  D.  D.,  a  minister  of  national  reputation.  He  has 
been  in  charge  since  Nov.  19,  1882. 

Tabernacle  Church  (Congregational),  corner  of  Morgan  and  Indiana 
Streets,  was  a  mission  school  of  the  First  Congregational  Church,  and 
was  formally  organized  as  a  church  Oct.  9,  1866.  The  building  is  a 
plain  brick  structure,  with  seating  capacity  for  1,200  people.  The 
auditorium  was  recently  raised,  and  a  lecture  room  built  underneath. 
The  church  has  468  members,  and  the  Sunday  school  1,200.  Becom- 
ing burdened  with  debt  some  years  ago,  the  church  withdrew  from  the 
Congregational  Association  for  a  time,  but  returned  after  a  large  part 
of  its  obligations  was  cleared  off.  Eev.  F.  E.  Emerich  is  the  pastor. 

Lincoln  Park  Congregational  Church,  corner  of  Garfield  Avenue  and 
Mohawk  Street,  was  originally  a  mission  school  of  the  New  England 
Church,  and  was  organized  as  a  church  June  25,  1867.  The  building 
is  a  plain  but  substantial  structure,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $30,000,  of 
which  the  late  Col.  Chas.  G.  Hammond  gave  $14,000.  The  member- 
ship is  342.  Kev.  Burke  T.  Leavitt  is  pastor. 

Central  Church,  in  Central  Music  Hall,  is  an  independent  congrega- 
tion, established  in  1877,  in  support  of  the  ministry  of  Rev.  David 
Swing.  This  famous  divine  is  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  of  German 
descent ;  was  graduated  from  Miami  University  in  1852,  and  had  spent 
less  than  a  year  in  the  study  of  theology  when  he  returned  to  the  uni- 
versity  as  its  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek,  a  position  he  held  for  thir- 
teen years,  preaching  occasionally.  His  first  appearance  in  Cl'icago 
was  in  1866,  as  pastor  of  the  Westminster  Church,  then  New  School 
Presbyterian,  and  when  the  Fourth  Presbyterian  Church  was  formed, 
in  1870,  after  the  reunion  of  the  "schools,"  by  the  consolidation  of 
Westminster  with  the  North  Church,  which  had  been  of  the  Old 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  187 

School,  he  became  pastor  of  the  united  congregations.  When  the 
great  fire  swept  over  the  North  Side,  he  lost  the  hoarded  results  of 
years  of  literary  labor,  and  with  his  wife  and  daughter  and  many  of  his 
parishioners  spent  the  night  of  October  9th  on  the  open  prairie.  He 
immediately  undertook  the  reorganization  of  his  scattered  flock,  and 
preached  for  a  year  in  Standard  Hall,  and  then  in  McVicker's  Theater 
until  January,  1874,  when,  the  church  having  been  rebuilt,  he  returned 
to  his  pulpit.  But  the  catholicity  of  his  views,  and  the  frankness,  elo- 
quence and  force  with  which  he  gave  them  utterance,  had  commanded 
wide  public  attention,  and  often  attracted  larger  congregations  than 
could  be  accommodated.  Some  of  his  liberal  theological  opinions  had 
been  warmly  controverted  by  ministers  of  the  same  denomination,  and 
an  intellectual  contest  was  inaugurated  which  excited  intense  interest 
in  religious  circles  throughout  the  country.  Arraigned  on  the  charge 
of  heretical  teaching,  his  trial  was  a  cause  celebre,  in  which  he  added 
largely  to  the  area  and  splendor  of  his  repijtatiou  as  a  great  theologian 
and  orator.  He  was  acquitted,  and  continued  his  pastoral  relations  to 
the  Fourth  Church  until  December,  1875,  when  he  resigned  and  began 
preaching  in  McVicker's  Theater.  In  1877  the  present  congregation 
was  organized,  with  a  guarantee  fund  of  $50,000,  and  Central  Music 
Hall  was  engaged  for  Sunday  services.  The  church  has  550  members, 
and  an  aggregate  of  1,000  pupils  in  three  Sunday  schools,  located  on 
West  Madison  and  South  Halsted  Streets  and  North  Avenue  respect- 
ively. The  singing  is  congregational.  Large  as  the  hall  is,  it  is  always 
thronged  before  the  hour  for  service,  and  hundreds  are  often  turned 
away  unable  to  find  even  standing  room. 

The  People's  Church  is  an  independent  organization  formed  in 
1881,  and  holding  services  every  Sunday  in  McVicker  Theater.  It  seeks 
to  "unite  all  in  the  great  law  and  duty  of  love  to  God  and  man,"  and 
welcomes  to  its  fellowship  all,  of  whatever  faith,  who  are  in  sympathy 
with  its  spirit  and  work.  It  was  founded  by  Kev.  H.  W.  Thomas,  D.  D., 
a  prominent  minister  of  the  Methodist  denomination,  who  was  succes- 
sively pastor  of  Park  Avenue,  First  and  Centenary  Methodist  Churches, 
and  was  cited  before  the  conference  while  occupying  the  pulpit  of  the 
latter  church,  and  tried  and  expelled  for  heretical  opinions  regarding 
future  punishment  and  the  nature  of  the  atonement.  Pending  these 
proceedings  he  preached  to  the  people  at  large,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
expulsion  his  Avork  had  grown  to  such  dimensions  that  he  could  not 
conscientiously  give  it  up.  Hence,  the  organization  of  the  People's 
Church,  and  the  continuation  of  weekly  services  in  the  theater,  the 


188 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


spacious  auditorium  of  which  is  always  so  crowded  on  such  occasions, 
and  hundreds  have  so  often  to  be  turned  away,  that  arrangements  are 
being  concerted  for  a  larger  hall  to  accommodate  the  audiences.  The 
Sunday  school,  with  over  200  pupils,  is  conducted  in  the  Third  Unita- 
rian Church,  corner  of  Monroe  and  Laflin  Streets.  Dr.  Thomas  is  a 
fine  theologian  and  a  pleasing  speaker,  of  very  sympathetic  address, 
his  own  liberal  but  earnest  faith  commanding  the  attention  and  respect 
of  his  hearers,  whatever  their  belief. 

Chicago   Avenue    Church    (Independent),   corner  of   Chicago  and 
LaSalle  Avenues,  was  originally  a  mission  of  the  First  Congregational 

Church,  but  was 
organized  as  a 
separate  con- 
gregation in 
1858.  The 
building,  which 
was  finished  in 
1875,  at  a  cost 
of  $70,000,  cov- 
ers 100  x 109 
feet  of  ground, 
is  60  feet  high 
to  the  eaves  and 
has  a  mansard 
roof.  It  is  a  red 
brick  edifice 
with  stone  trim- 
mings, and  has 
a  circular  bell 
tower  at  the 

southeast     cor- 
CHICAGO  AVENUE  CHURCH.  nei%  at  the  base 

of  which  is  the  main  entrance,  admitting  to  an  iron  stairway  leading  to 
the  auditorium,  and  double  doors  opening  into  the  lower  story.  There 
are  three  other  entrances.  The  auditorium,  including  gallery,  seats  2,000 
persons.  It  is  substantially  finished  in  contrasting  Avoods,  excellently 
lighted  and  ventilated,  and  ornamented  with  artistic  frescoing.  Two 
Bible  class  rooms  in  the  basement  seat  respectively  100  and  200,  and 
the  lecture  room  about  600.  The  membership  is  about  400.  The 
Sunday  school  is  the  largest  in  the  city,  having  about  1,500  pupils. 


HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  189 

The  church  is  popularly  known  as  "Moody's  Church."  Much  of  the 
earlier  portion  of  the  now  famous  evangelist's  career  was  devoted  to 
work  for  this  church.  Under  his  labors  the  church  membership  reached 
300,  and  that  of  the  Sunday  school  1,000.  When  the  church  build- 
ing, erected  on  Illinois  Street  in  1863  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  was  de- 
stroyed in  the  great  conflagration,  his  efforts  aided  largely  in  raising 
funds  for  the  present  structure.  Eev.  Charles  A.  Blanchard,  president 
of  Wheaton  College,  has  supplied  the  pulpit  occasionally  since  March 
1,  1883,  and  regularly  since  September  of  that  year. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  the  oldest  church  organi- 
zation in  Chicago.  It  is  the  lineal  descendant  of  a  congregation  formed 
in  June,  1831,  by  Jesse  Walker,  presiding  elder  of  the  "  Chicago  mission 
district "  of  the  Illinois  conference,  and  Eev.  Stephen  E.  Beggs.  Elder 
Walker,  who  was  "  superannuated"  in  the  winter  of  1834-35,  has  been 
well  styled  "  the  apostle  of  the  Northwest."  The  first  house  of  worship 
built  by  the  church  was  a  small  frame,  erected  in  1834  at  the  corner  of 
North  Water  and  North  Clark  Streets.  In  1838  the  building  was 
moved  across  the  river  on  scows,  and  located  at  the  corner  of  Clark  and 
Washington  Streets,  the  site  occupied  by  the  present  building.  In 
1857  the  church  obtained  a  charter  and  adopted  the  plan  of  building 
which  it  has  since  pursued,  viz.:  erecting  a  business  block,  and  assign- 
ing the  lower  story  to  mercantile  purposes  for  revenue  to  be  devoted  to 
the  support  of  the  church  and  the  aid  of  other  churches,  and  prepar- 
ing the  upper  stories  as  a  place  of  worship.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  great 
fire,  over  $70,000  had  been  contributed  to  other  churches  of  the 
denomination  in  Chicago  from  this  source.  Since  that  time  over 
$120,000  more  have  been  distributed  in  the  same  way.  It  requires 
some  sterling  qualities  in  a  church  membership  to  thus  sacrifice  the 
outward  appearance  of  their  house  of  worship  for  the  general  good  of 
the  cause.  The  present  large  four-story  stone  front  building,  known 
as  Methodist  Church  Block,  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $120,000.  It  has 
seven  business  or  store  rooms  on  the  ground  floor,  and  about  fifteen 
rooms  for  offices  above.  The  portion  reserved  for  church  purposes  is 
on  the  third  floor.  The  auditorium,  with  the  gallery,  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  1,200.  There  are  also  lecture  and  class  rooms  and  pastor's 
study  on  the  same  floor.  The  membership  is  about  120,  with  100  in 
the  Sunday  school.  Many  of  the  officers  of  the  church  have  held  their 
positions  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  The  present  pastor 
is  Eev.  E.  M.  Hatfield. 

Centenary  Church  (Methodist  Episcopal),  West  Monroe  Street  near 


190  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Morgan,  is  one  of  the  leading  churches  in  the  city.  It  was  organized 
in  1842,  and  then  known  as  the  Canal  Street  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  There  were  two  changes  of  location,  the  last  one  being  to 
settle  in  the'  present  commodious  edifice,  which  was  commenced 
in  1866,  the  centenary  of  American  Methodism,  from  which  the 
church  took  its  present  name.  The  lecture  room  was  occupied  Feb. 
17, 1867,  and  the  building  was  completed  the  following  year,  at  a  cost 
of  $75,000.  It  is  an  imposing  stone  structure,  of  Gothic-like  archi- 
tecture, ornamented  with  minarets.  The  body  of  the  church,  with  a 
gallery  on  three  sides,  will  comfortably  seat  1,200  persons.  The  inte- 
rior finish  is  in  black  walnut.  There  are  large  parlor,  lecture,  study 
and  other  rooms  in  the  basement.  The  number  of  members  is  about 
700,  and  of  pupils  in  the  Sunday  school  about  600.  Wide  public 
attention  was  attracted  to  Centenary  Church  in  1880,  by  the  charges 
of  heresy  brought  against  its  pastor,  Kev.  H.  W.  Thomas,  whose  trial 
and  expulsion  from  pastorate  and  ministry  created  intense  interest  in 
church  circles.  Among  the  prominent  ministers  who  have  held  the 
charge  were  Eevs.  T.  M.  Eddy,  D.  D.,  F.  D.  Hemenway,  C.  H.  Fowler, 
Robert  Bentley,  Charles  Shelling,  R.  M.  Hatfield,  J.  0.  Peck,  S.  H. 
Adams  and  H.  W.  Thomas.  The  present  pastor  is  Rev.  0.  H.  Swift. 

Grace  Church  (Methodist  Episcopal),  comer  of  North  LaSalle  and 
White  Streets,  was  organized  in  1847  as  the  "M.  E.  Society  of  Indiana 
Street  Chapel,"  and  in  June,  1863,  adopted  the  present  name  at  the 
suggestion  of  the  ladies'  society,  which  had  raised  most  of  the  money 
necessary  to  build  a  new  house  of  worship  for  the  congregation.  A 
building  at  the  corner  of  Chicago  Avenue  and  LaSalle  Streets,  costing, 
with  furnishings,  over  $90,000,  was  destroyed  by  the  fire,  but  sixty 
days  afterward  services  were  held  in  a  temporary  frame  erected  on  the 
ruins,  and  arrangements  for  rebuilding  were  started.  The  present  site 
was  determined  on  ;  the  building  was  commenced  in  1872,  and  in  May, 
1873,  was  partially  finished  and  occupied,  but  the  front  was  not  com- 
pleted till  1877.  It  is  a  plain  Gothic  structure,  with  gable  front,  and 
cost  about  $100,000.  It  will  comfortably  seat  about  1,200  people. 
The  interior  wood  finish  is  black  walnut.  The  parsonage  cost  about 
$4,000.  The  church  membership  numbers  380,  and  that  of  the  Sun- 
day school  930.  Among  the  prominent  names  connected  with  its  his- 
tory are  those  of  Drs.  Bugbee,  Tiffany  and  Felton.  The  present  pastor, 
Eev.  Wm.  Fawcett,  entered  upon  his  duties  Oct.  16,  1881. 

Langley  Avenue  Church  (Methodist  Episcopal),  corner  of  Langley 
Avenue  and  Thirty-ninth  Street,  was  organized  March  7,  1869,  as 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


191 


Oakland  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Its  name  was  thrice  changed, 
the  last  time  in  1875  to  the  present  title.  It  was  removed  to 
the  present  location  in  August,  1871.  The  building  is  a  neat  frame 
edifice,  with  capacity  for  500  in  the  main  auditorium,  and  handsome 
lecture,  class  and  library  rooms  and  study  below.  The  windows  of  the 
nave  are  of  stained  glass,  and  the  ceiling  is  prettily  frescoed.  The 
organ  and  choir  occupy  an  alcove  in  the  rear  of  the  pulpit.  The  cost, 
including  ground,  was  about  $22,000.  Among  the  pastors  have  been 
Kevs.  C.  G.  Truesdell,  Lewis  Meredith,  W.  C.  Willing  and  T.  C.  Clen- 
dening.  The  present  pastor  is  A.  C.  George. 

Western  Avenue  Church  (Methodist  Episcopal),  corner  of  Western 
Avenue  and  Monroe  Street,  dates  back  to  1866.  The  building  is 
a  many -gabled  Gothic 
structure,  unique  and  ele- 
gant in  design,  with  four 
towers,  in  the  bases  of 
which  are  the  entrances. 
The  street  fronts  are  of 
pressed  brick  with  brown 
stone  trimmings.  The 
interior  is  91  X  108  feet, 
and  is  divided  into  two 
rooms,  viz.,  the  main 
aiiditorium  and  the  lect- 
ure and  Sunday  school  room.  The  former  is  an  amphitheater,  with 
bowled  floor  and  circular  pews,  and  will  seat  800  persons.  There  is  a 
broad  gallery,  under  which  are  class  rooms.  All  the  rooms  can  be 
thrown  into  one  by  means  of  sliding  doors,  giving  an  auditorium  with 
comfortable  seating  capacity  for  1,600.  The  parlors  are  in  the  base- 
ment story,  and  the  pastor's  study  in  the  southeast  corner.  The  total 
cost,  with  organ,  is  about  $35,000.  The  church  has  about  300  mem- 
bers, and  is  Very  active  in  all-  branches  of  its  work.  The  pastor,  Kev. 
W.  H.  Burns,  took  charge  in  December,  1883. 

Park  Avenue  Church  (Methodist  Episcopal),  corner  of  Park  Avenue 
and  Kobey  Street,  had  its  inception  in  prayer  meetings  held  in  1858 
among  some  Methodist  families  in  the  neighborhood.  It  was  first 
established  as  Park  Aveniie  Mission,  in  a  building  erected  by  the 
church  extension  society  in  1861.  The  present  building  was  erected 
in  1865,  at  a  cost  of  about  $10,000,  and  on  occupying  it  assumed  the 
present  title.  Among  the  prominent  pastors  have  been  Revs.  J.  H. 


WESTERN  AVENUL  M.  E.  CHURCH. 


192  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Bayliss,  W.  H.  Thomas,  N.  H.  Axtell  and  S.  McChesney.  The  building 
is  unpretentious  but  serviceable,  and  will  seat  900  people.  The  church 
has  300  members,  and  600  pupils  enrolled  in  its  Sunday  school.  West- 
ern Avenue  and  Fulton  Street  Churches  have  grown  out  of  a  mission 
school  established  by  this  church.  The  house,  which  escaped  the  fire, 
was  used  for  a  time  as  a  distributing  station  by  the  Belief  and  Aid 
Society.  The  present  pastor  is  Kev.  S.  M.  Davis. 

Trinity  Church  (Methodist  Episcopal),  Indiana  Avenue  near  Twenty- 
fourth  Street,  is  an  offshoot  of  the  First  Church.  It  Avas  born  of  a 
mission  Sunday  school,  and  began  life  on  its  own  account  April  10, 
18(34,  in  a  frame  building  on  Indiana  Avenue  and  Twenty-first  Street. 
The  present  edifice  was  commenced  in  November,  1870.  The  confla- 
gration of  the  following  year  delayed  the  work.  The  lecture  room  was 
occupied  in  January,  1872,  but  the  main  auditorium  was  not  opened 
for  services  until  March  12,  1875.  The  cost,  including  ground,  was 
$142,540.  It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  church  edifices  in  the  city, 
both  for  architectural  appearance  and  interior  finish.  The  beautiful 
baptismal  font  is  a  memorial  gift  of  the  widow  of  Dr.  Thomas  M.  Eddy. 
It  has  a  membership  of  nearly  500.  Its  present  pastor  is  F.  M.  Bristol. 

The  First  Presbyterian  Church  is  located  at  the  corner  of  Indiana 
Avenue  and  Twenty-first  Street.  After  the  fire  of  1871  Calvary- 
Church,  which  had  commenced  the  erection  of  the  building,  was  united 
with  the  First  Church,  the  edifice  being  completed  by  the  united  con- 
gregations. It  is  a  handsome  brick  structure,  84X150  feet,  fifty  feet 
high  to  the.  eaves,  and  100  feet  to  the  ridge  of  the  roof,  and  has  a  spire 
260  feet  high — the  tallest  church  spire  in  the  city.  It  is  finished 
throughout  in  hard  wood,  principally  black  walnut,  has  seating  capac- 
ity for  1.100,  and  cost,  including  the  ground,  $165,000.  The  First 
Presbyterian  is  one  of  the  pioneer  churches  of  Chicago.  It  was  organ- 
ized with  twenty-six  members,  June  26,  1833,  by  Rev.  Jeremiah  Por- 
ter. The  first  biiilding  was  a  frame  at  the  corner  of  Lake  and  Clark 
Streets,  which  was  opened  with  services  Jan.  1,  1834.  This  was 
removed  to  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Washington  Streets,  and  after 
being  twice  enlarged  was  superseded  by  a  brick  edifice  65X100  feet. 
In  1855  the  house  and  ground  were  sold,  and  a  fine  new  building 
erected  on  Wabash  Avenue,  between  Van  Buren  and  Congress  Streets. 
and  occupied  in  the  fall  of  1856.  The  cost  was  $131,000  for  the 
house  and  lot.  A  brick  chapel  was  erected  in  1864  on  Griswold  Street, 
south  of  Van  Buren,  for  the  use  of  the  railroad  mission  founded  by  the 
church.  In  1865  a  large  brick  ehapel  was  erected  adjoining  the  church, 


194  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

for  Sunday  school  and  church  purposes.  All  was  swept  away  by  the 
fire  of  1871.  inflicting  a  loss  of  nearly  $200,000.  The  church  has  a 
grand  record  of  Christian  work  in  the  success  of  its  missions.  It  sus- 
tains the  Kailroad  Chapel  and  Mission  which  occupies  a  house  on  State 
Street  south  of  Fourteenth  that  cost  $70,000,  and  has  an  average 
school  attendance  of  500.  It  founded  Foster  Mission  on  the  West 
Side,  the  Sands  Mission  on  the  North  Side,  the  Archer  Avenue  Mission 
and  the  Indiana  Street  school.  There  are  many  names  of  note  con- 
nected with  its  history,  among  them  that  of  the  founder,  Kev.  Jeremiah 
Porter,  still  living  in  Detroit ;  Eev.  John  Blatchford,  of  New  York ;  Kev. 
Flavel  Bascom,  who  was  president  of  the  first  anti-slavery  meeting 
held  in  Chicago ;  Kev.  Harvey  Curtis,  Kev.  Z.  M.  Humphrey,  Kev.  Ar- 
thur Mitchell,  and  others  who  have  left  the  impress  of  their  labors  on 
its  development.  The  membership  is  over  750.  The  pastor,  Kev. 
John  H.  Barrows,  D.  D.,  is  noted  for  his  ability,  energy  and  zeal.  He 
is  an  eloquent  preacher,  and  besides  his  regular  pastoral  labors,  he 
preaches  to  large  throngs  on  Sunday  evenings  in  Central  Music  Hall. 

The  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  corner  of  Michigan  Avenue  and 
Twentieth  Street,  has  a  membership  numbering  735,  and  nearly  1,000 
pupils  in  its  two  Sunday  schools.  It  supplies  officers  for  the  Burr  mis- 
sion school,  supports  an  industrial  school  for  girls  during  winter,  and 
has  numerous  active  organizations  for  missionary  and  charitable  work. 
The  building,  in  the  English -Gothic  style,  covers  109|Xl65  feet  of 
ground,  and  is  built  of  rock-faced  prairie  stone,  except  the  clear- 
story, which  is  of  wood.  The  "  Armour  memorial  tower  "  is  a  massive 
stone  tower  and  spire  reaching  200  feet  above  the  ground,  and  built  at 
the  cost  of  Mrs.  Barbara  Armour,  widow  of  the  late  George  Armour,  as 
a  memorial  of  her  deceased  husband.  The  tower  is  pure  Gothic,  and 
has  a  spacious  belfry  with  a  cathedral-toned  bell,  weighing,  with  the 
mountings,  three  tons,  the  gift  of  the  children  of  Mr.  Armour.  The 
interior  is  elegantly  finished  throughout  in  black  walnut,  the  pulpit 
exhibiting  some  fine  carving.  The  main  audience  room  is  70X85  feet, 
and  seats  about  1,500,  with  the  gallery  which  extends  all  around  it, 
and  the  short  second  gallery  in  the  east  front.  The  rear  portion  of  the 
building  on  Twentieth  Street  is  two  stories  in  height,  and  has  a  lectiire 
and  Sunday  school  room  38X58,  with  gallery,  library,  study,  etc.  The 
church  was  organized  June  1,  1842,  by  a  colony  of  twenty-six  mem- 
bers of  the  First  Presbyterian.  It  occupied  four  different  locations 
before  settling  in  the  present  site,  the  last  of  the  four  being  a  hand- 
some Gothic  edifice  that  was  destroyed  by  the  fire  of  1871,  in.  which 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO.  195 

year  the  membership  of  Olivet  Church  was  added  to  that  of  the  Second 
Church.  Kev.  Robert  W.  Patterson,  D.  D.,  the  first  pastor,  occupied  the 
pulpit  for  thirty-one  years.  The  present  pastor,  Eev.  Simon  J.  Mc- 
Pherson,  D.  D.,  was  installed  May  6,  1874. 

The  Third  Presbyterian  Church,  corner  of  Ashland  and  Ogden  Ave- 
nues, has  the  largest  membership  in  the  city,  and  it  is  said  to  be  the 
third  largest  Protestant  church  in  the  country,  surpassed  only  by 
Plymouth  Church,  Brooklyn,  and  Brooklyn  Tabernacle.  It  has  nearly 
2,200  members,  and  has  established  three  churches  out  of  its  congre- 
gation, viz. :  Eeunion,  Westminster  and  Campbell  Park.  It  has  a  Sun- 
day school  library  of  over  1,000  volumes,  and  sustains  a  Sunday  school 
of  850  pupils  besides  Noble  Street  and  Foster  missions,  making  a  grand 
total  of  nearly  2,000  pupils.  The  church  was  organized  July  18,  1847, 
with  thirty-five  members.  A  small  frame  building  that  stood  in  a  corn- 
field on  Union  between  Washington  and  Eandolph  Streets,  was  occu- 
pied for  more  than  ten  years.  In  1850  a  number  of  members  withdrew 
on  the  question  of  fellowship  with  slaveholders,  and  organized  the 
First  Congregational  Church.  From  1860  to  1809,  under  the  pastoral 
charge  of  Eev.  Arthur  Swazey,  D.  D.,  over  500  persons  were  admitted, 
and  a  debt  of  $45,000  nearly  extinguished.  June  13,  1870,  the  pres- 
ent pastor,  Eev.  Abbott  E.  Kittredge,  D.  D^was  called  from  the  Eleventh 
Street  Presbyterian  Church,  New  York  City,  and  under  his  administra- 
tion the  elegant  building  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  Oct.  9,  1884, 
was  purchased,  and  occupied  in  1877.  The  church  edifice  was  at  once 
rebuilt.  Dr.  Kittredge  resigned  the  pastorate,  in  1886,  and  Dr.  With- 
row  took  charge  in  January,  1887. 

The  Fourth  Presbyterian  Church,  corner  of  Eush  and  Superior 
Streets,  is  one  of  the  noted  churches  of  the  city.  It  is  the  result  of  a  con- 
solidation consummated  Feb.  6,  1870,  between  the  North  (Old  School) 
and  the  Westminster  (New  School)  Churches.  The  former  was  organ- 
ized Aug.  6,  1848,  and  the  latter  Sept.  18,  L855.  The  present  building 
was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  one  occupied  at  the  time  of  the  great 
fire,  in  which  not  only  was  the  church  building  lost,  but  the  homes  of 
490  of  its  500  members.  It  is  a  modest  stone  edifice,  Gothic  in  style, 
and  the  interior  is  finished  and  furnished  in  a  substantial  and  comfort- 
able manner.  The  church  has  about  500  members,  and  the  Sunday 
school  about  360.  It  supports  a  mission  school  in  Home  Street  with  a 
membership  of  675.  Eev.  David  Swing  was  pastor  of  this  church  at 
the  time  of  his  celebrated  trial  for  heresy,  but  withdrew  from  it 
although  acquitted  of  the  charge.  Eev.  Herrick  Johnson,  D.  D.,  LL.  D., 


196  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

resigned  the  pastorate  July  1,  1884  (having  been  in  charge  over  three 
years),  to  accept  a  professorship  in  the  N.  W.  Theological  Seminary. 

The  Fifth  Presbyterian  Church,  corner  of  Indiana  Avenue  and  Thir- 
tieth Street,  was  organized  Jan.  15,  1868,  and  took  its  present  name 
June  24,  1870,  when  the  Twenty-eighth  Street  and  South  Presbyterian 
Churches  were  consolidated  with  it.  The  church  edifice  is  a  T-shaped 
brick  structure,  neatly  and  comfortably  furnished,  and  seats  between 
400  and  500  people.  There  is  a  very  pleasant  lecture  room  in  the 
south  wing,  and  a  library  and  study  in  the  north  wing.  The  member- 
ship numbers  262.  The  pastor,  Kev.  W.  G.  Woodbridge,  was  formally 
installed  in  January,  1884.  He  is  a  native  of  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  a  grad- 
uate of  Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  and  of  the  Columbia,  S.  C., 
Theological  Institute. 

The  Sixth  Presbyterian  Church,  corner  of  Oak  and  Vincennes  Ave- 
nues, was  organized  in  1875.  In  1872  a  colony  from  the  Ninth  Pres- 
byterian Church  organized  Grace  Church,  but  after  about  three  years 
a  reunion  was  effected,  and  the  reunited  churches  reorganized  under 
the  present  name.  The  building  was  erec'ed  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $20,- 
000.  It  has  seating  capacity  for  about  850.  The  church  membership 
numbers  over  450.  Kev.  Henry  T.  Miller  was  the  first  pastor  of  th.e 
reunited  congregation.  He  remained  in  charge  for  seven  years,  when 
he  resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  present  pastor,  Eev.  John  H. 
Worcester,  Jr.,  who  was  installed  Feb.  13,  1883. 

The  Eighth  Presbyterian  Church,  at  the  junction  of  Bobey  Street 
and  Washington  Boulevard,  originated  in  a  neighborhood  prayer  meet- 
ing among  Presbyterian  families  in  1864.  It  was  organized  December 
20,  of  that  year,  with  twenty-five  members,  and  built  a  plain  wooden 
chapel,  which  was  removed  two  years  later,  and  the  present  tasteful 
frame  structure  erected  in  its  place.  It  has  a  belfry,  surmounted  by  a 
graceful  steeple.  The  bell  is  named  "  The  Children's  Bell,"  having 
been  paid  for  mainly  by  the  pupils  of  the  Sunday  school.  The  build- 
ing has  seating  capacity  for  about  650.  The  church  membership  is 
609,  and  that  of  the  Sunday  school  about  700.  The  "  Onward  Mis- 
sion," at  the  intersection  of  Indiana  Street  and  North  Hoyne  Avenue, 
was  established  by  the  church  Nov.  1,  1868,  and  is  maintained  by  it 
with  a  Sunday  school  membership  of  250.  The  church  has  a  fine 
library  and  reading  rooms.  The  pastor  is  Kev.  Thomas  Edward  Green, 
a  young,  eloquent  and  very  popular  preacher. 

Jefferson  Park  Presbyterian  Church,  corner  of  West  Adams  and 
Throop  Streets,  fronts  toward  the  beautiful  park  from  which  it  takes 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  197 

its  name.  The  church  edifice  and  chapel  in  the  rear  occupy  a  lot 
77x150  feet.  The  building  is  of  red  pressed  brick  with  stone  trim- 
mings, built  in  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture.  The  entrances  are 
adorned  with  polished  Scotch  granite  columns.  A  handsome  spire  and 
corner  towers  surmount  the  whole.  The  interior  is  arranged  with  the 
pews  in  amphitheater  style,  all  the  aisles  radiating  from  the  pulpit. 
The  walls  and  ceiling  are  elaborately  frescoed,  and  light  is  admitted 
by  large  Gothic  stained  glass  windows.  The  seating  capacity  is  1,000, 
including  the  gallery.  The  building  completed,  with  its  furniture,  cost 
over  $40,000.  The  membership  of  the  church  is  about  350,  and  of 
the  Sunday  school  220.  The  congregation  was  an  offshoot  from  the 
Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  and  was  organized  Jan.  31,  1867,  with 
Rev.  Robert  Patterson,  D.  D.,  as  its  first  pastor.  Subsequently  Rev. 
Francis  L.  Patton  was  pastor  for  six  years,  during  which  the  present 
edifice  was  built.  The  present  pastor,  Rev.  Thomas  Parry,  came  to  the 
charge  in  January,  1884.  He  is  a  native  of  Wales,  but  educated  in  the 
United  States,  and  is  a  graduate  of  Princeton  College  and  seminary. 
St.  Mary's  Church  (Catholic),  Wabash  Avenue  and  Eldridge  Court, 
was  organized  in  May,  1833,  by  Rev.  John  Mary  Irenjeus  St.  Cyr,  who 
was  appointed  for  'the  purpose  by  Bishop  Rosetti,  of  St.  Louis,  April 
17th  of  that  year.  He  arrived  here  May  1,  said  his  first  mass  May  5, 
and  administered  his  first  baptism  May  22,  and  in  October  following 
dedicated  to  the  uses  of  his  church  the  first  building  erected  in  Chi- 
cago for  a  house  of  worship.  It  was  located  on  Lake  Street,  and  was  a 
plain  wooden  structure,  25X35  feet,  and  its  belfry  contained  the  first 
church  bell  heard  in  the  settlement.  After  two  removals,  the  substan- 
tial brick  occupied  in  1371  was  burned,  when  the  present  edifice  was 
purchased  from  the  Unitarian  denomination,  and  subsequently  under- 
went some  remodeling  and  improvement.  It  is  a  very  substantial  stone 
structure,  comfortably  and  durably  finished  and  furnished,  and  has 
seating  capacity  for  about  800  people.  May  27,  1883,  the  church 
held  a  semi-centennial  celebration  of  its  establishment,  when  an 
address  was  delivered  by  Win.  J.  Onahan,  Esq.,  and  a  handsome  marble 
memorial-tablet  was  unveiled  and  placed  in  the  wall  of  the  vestibule. 
It  contains  the  following  inscription  :  "To  the  memory  of  the  early 
Catholic  missionaries  of  Illinois,  sleeping  in  their  unmarked  graves, 
from  Marquette  to  St.  Cyr,  on  the  50th  anniversary  of  the  establish- 
ment in  this  city  of  St.  Mary's  Parish,  and  the  erection  of  the  first 
Christian  Church,  this  tablet  is  reverently  and  gratefully  erected  by 
the  rastor  and  flock,  May  1,  1883."  The  pastor  is  Rev.  J.  P.  Roles. 


198 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO, 


The  Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Name  (Catholic),  corner  of  North  State 
and  Superior  Streets,  was  commenced,  in  1874  and  completed  in  1882. 
There  is  a  group  of  buildings  which,  includes  the  cathedral  proper,  a 
parochial  school,  the  academy  of  the  ladies  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  the 
presbytery,  and  others,  occupying  an  entire  block.  The  academy  and 
school  are  of  brick,  and  the  cathedral  and  presbytery  of  stone.  The 
first  two  stand  on  a  half  block  donated  by  the  late  Hon.  W.  B.  Ogden 

for  school  pur- 
poses. The  origi- 
nal cathedral  and 
school  buildings 
were  consumed 
by  the  fire  of 
1871.  The  ca- 
thedral,which  was 
built  at  a  cost  of 
$200,000,  seats 
1,800  people,  is 
of  the  Gothic 
style,  cruciform, 
with  a  tower  sur- 
mounted by  a 
spire,  and  is  no- 
ticeable for  its 
graceful  architec- 
ture. The  inte- 
rior is  finely  fin- 
ished,abundantly 
lighted  with  large 
stained  glass  win- 
dows, and  has 
three  beautiful 

marble  altars.  The  organ  is  exquisitely  finished,  and  is  probably  the  most 
powerful  in  the  city.  The  singing  is  usually  by  a  quartette,  but  large  cho- 
ruses are  added  on  special  occasions.  The  Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Name 
was  organized  as  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Name  in  1846.  The  present 
clerical  personnel  is  as  follows :  Most  Kev.  Patrick  A.  Feehan,  D.  D.; 
Very  Eev.  P.  J.  Conway,  V.G.,  rector  ;  Eev.  P.  D.  Gill,  chancellor ;  Kevs. 
.F.  S.  Henneberry,  J.  J.  Carroll,  M.  J.  Fitzsimmons  and  J.  J.  Darcy. 
The  Church  of  the  Holy  Family  (Catholic),  corner  of  AVest  Twelfth 


CATHEDRAL  OF  THE  HOLY  NAME. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  199 

and  May  Streets,  is  a  large  and  handsome  brick  structure.  It  seats 
about  2,000  people,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  superb  stained  glass  win- 
dows, its  number  of  fine  statues  and  its  massive  bell  tower  and  spire.  It 
was  built  in  1857  under  the  renowned  missionary,  Eev.  Arnold  Damen, 
S.  J.,  who  has  performed  wonders  in  rescuing  large  areas  of  Chicago 
from  what  at  times  was  simple  savagery.  His  labors  here,  apart  from 
his  religious  efforts,  have  been  of  inestimable  benefit  to  the  city.  The 
affairs  of  the  church  are  directed  by  ten  Jesuit  Fathers.  Sodality 
Building,  immediately  in  the  rear  of  the  church,  is  a  spacious  structure. 
It  contains  numerous  rooms  and  spacious  halls  for  the  use  of  the  various 
church  sodalities,  and  two  libraries  with  an  aggregate  of  2,400  books. 

St.  James'  Church  (Catholic),  corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Thir- 
tieth Street,  occupies  one  of  the  finest  church  edifices  in  the  city.  It 
is  a  Gothic- like  structure  of  stone,  cruciform,  compact  and  well  pro- 
portioned, and  has  an  uncompleted  tower.  The  nave  is  finished  in 
oiled  light  wood,  and  two  rows  of  polished  granite  pillars  support  the 
roof.  It  is  lighted  by  large  and  handsome  stained  glass  windows,  and 
three  marble  altars  are  to  be  put  in.  It  will  seat,  Avith  the  two  small 
galleries,  about  1.600  persons.  The  building  was  erected  during  the 
pastorate  of  Kev.  P.  W.  O'Eiordan,  now  coadjutor  archbishop  of  San 
Francisco.  The  present  clerical  staff  is  composed  of  Eevs.  Hugh 
McGuire,  Lawrence  A.  E.  Erhard,  P.  J.  Fenan  and  D.  Lyon. 

St.  Johns  Church  (Catholic),  corner  of  Eighteenth  and  Clark  Streets, 
was  established  June  29,  1859.  The  church  edifice  is  a  splendid  stone 
structure,  pure  Gothic  in  style,  and  a  model  of  architectural  beauty. 
It  is  somewhat  cruciform,  having  a  short  transept.  The  spire  is  unfin-1 
ished.  The  interior,  with  its  brilliant  frescoes,  beautiful  stained  glass 
windows  and  panels  presenting  representations  of  scriptural  charac- 
ters is  well  worthy  of  the  strikingly  handsome  exterior.  It  will  seat 
l.GOO  persons.  This  building  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  1881, 
and  was  built  mainly  through  the  efforts  of  Father  Waldron,  who  is 
highly  esteemed  for  the  great  work  he  has  accomplished,  and  for  his 
charitable  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  poor  of  his  parish.  The  officiating 
priests  are  Rev.  John  Waldron,  and  his  assistant,  Eev.  C.  P.  Foster. 

The  Society  of  the  New  Jerusalem  (Swedenborgian)  was  organized 
in  1843  with  three  members.  It  held  its  meetings  for  a  time  in  a  pub- 
lic hall.  Eev.  J.  E.  Hibbard,  D.  D.,.  the  first  pastor,  was  installed 
in  1850.  In  1857  an  old  church  building,  originally  built  by  the  Sec- 
ond Presbyterian  Church  on  Harrison  Street,was  purchased,  and  served 
as  a  place  of  worship  until  the  erection  of  a  new  church  on  the  corner 


SCO  MARQUIS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Adams  Street.  Dr.  Hibbard's  health  failing 
him,  Kev.  C.  Day  Noble  was  called  as  an  assistant  in  1870,  and  in  1871 
the  pastor  was  granted  leave  of  absence  and  sailed  for  Europe  just 
before  the  great  lire,  which  destroyed  the  building.  The  society  then 
undertook  to  erect  buildings  for  a  South  Side  congregation  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Eighteenth  Street  and  Prairie  Avenue,  and  a  West  Side  congre- 
gation on  the  corner  of  Washington  Street  and  Ogden  Avenue.  On  Dr. 
Hibbard's  return  from  Europe  there  was  a  division  of  the  society,  a 
part  of  the  South  Side  congregation  organizing  as  a  second  society 
with  Rev.  C.  Day  Noble  as  pastor.  The  panic  of  1873  completed  the 
financial  ruin  of  many  of  the  leading  members  of  the  society,  still  further 
crippling  the  operations  of  the  church.  In  1877  a  new  union  society 
was  organized  with  Rev.  I.  P.  Mercer  as  pastor,  holding  services  in  Her- 
shey  Music  Hall,  Rev.  Dr.  Hibbard  resigning  the  pastorate  of  the  Chicago 
society  in  the  same  year,  and  services  were  suspended  on  the  South  Side. 
In  1881  the  Chicago  society  sold  its  lot  on  the  corner  of  Prairie  Avenue 
and  Eighteenth  Street,  and  a  new  building  was  erected  on  Van  Buren 
Street  east  of  Wabash  Avenue.  The  members  of  the  two  societies 
united,  and  Rev.  I.  P.  Mercer  became  the  pastor.  The  society  now 
numbers  some  200.  Rev.  Geo.  Nelson  Smith  is  pastor  of  the  North 
Side  congregation  (Lincoln  Park  Chapel)  and  the  West  Side  congrega- 
tion (Union  Park  Temple).  Rev.  I.  P.  Mercer  remains  in  charge  of  the 
New  Church  Temple.  The  society  maintains  a  New  Church  library  and 
book  room,  for  the  sale  and  circulation  of  the  works  of  Swedenborg 
and  other  New  Church  writings.  It  is  located  in  the  temple  on  Van 
Buren  Street  east  of  Wabash  Avenue. 

The  Kehilath  Anshe  Maarab  (Congregation  of  Men  of  the  West), 
corner  of  Indiana  Avenue  and  Twenty-sixth  Street,  is  the  oldest  Hebrew 
congregation  in  the  city.  It  adheres  to  the  party  of  moderate  reform. 
It  was  organized  in  1846,  and  numbers  about  120  families.  There 
were  several  removals  before  the  congregation  -  settled  in  the  modest 
wooden  building  it  now  occupies.  The  seating  capacity  is  about  800. 
Dr.  Ignatz  Kunreuther,  lately  deceased,  was  the  first  pastor.  Dr.  Sam- 
uel Sale  is  the  present  minister 

Zion  Congregation,  corner  of  Sangamon  and  West  Jackson  Streets, 
occupies  a  modest  frame  building,  which  was  erected  in  1869.  It  has 
three  Sunday  school  rooms  in  the  basement.  The  auditorium  seats 
about  700.  The  membership  includes  about  100  families  of  Reformed 
Jewish  faith.  Services  are  held  both  Saturday  and  Sunday  mornings. 
The  congregat  on  was  formed  in  1864,  by  seceding  members  of  Sinai 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO. 


201 


Congregatio  ,  tlie  founder  and  pastor  of  the  latter,  Dr.  B.  Felsenthal, 
becoming  the  minister  of  the  new  synagogue,  which  position  he  still 
holds. 

Sinai  Congregation,  occupying  Sinai  Temple,  corner  of  Indiana 
Avenue  and  Twenty-first  Street,  was  organized  in  1861,  and  is  the 
leading  church  of  the 
Jewish  faith  in  the 
west.  The  temple  was 
erected  in  1876  at  a 
cost  of  $100,000,  in- 
cluding the  ground 
The  interior  is  ele- 
gantly finished  in  hard 
wood,  and  very  hand  - 
somely  furnished. 
The  auditorium  is  ar- 
ranged like  an  amphi- 
theater, and  with  the 
gallery,  recently  add- 
ed, affords  seats  for 
1,400  people.  After 
the  fire  the  congrega- 
tion temporarily  occu- 
pied various  locations 
until  the  erection  of 
the  temple.  Themem- 

.  SINAI  TFMPIF     ADLER  *  SULLIVAN,  ARCHITECTS 

bership  includes  about 

150  families,  and  is  Keformed  Jewish  in  faith.  Dr.  E.  G.  Hirsch,  who 
is  widely  known  as  a  man  of  great  learning  and  piety,  is  rabbi  in  charge. 
St.  Paul's  Church  (Universalist),  "Wabash  Avenue  between  Sixteenth 
and  Eighteenth  Streets,  is  the  leading  and  oldest  church  of  its  denom- 
ination in  the  city.  The  building  is  a  fine  stone  structure,  of  Gothic 
architecture,  modified  by  Romanesque  features.  The  interior  finish  is 
black  walnut,  and  a  good  deal  of  excellent  carving  adds  to  the  beauty 
of  the  work.  It  was  built  in  1873,  the  edifice  previously  occupied 
having  been  destroyed  by  the  conflagration  of  1871.  The  main  audi- 
torium seats  1,500,  and  on  the  floor  below  is  a  lecture  room  with  seat- 
ing capacity  for  600,  a  library,  parlor  and  other  rooms.  The  church 
membership  embraces  about  150  families,  and  the  Sunday  school  has 
400  pupils.  There  is  also  an  industrial  school  in  the  building,  with. 


202 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


seventy  pupils.  This  church  had  its  inception  in  1841-42.  Rev. 
W.  H.  Ryder,  D.  D.,  was  the  pastor  for  over  twenty-one  years,  com- 
mencing in  1860.  Rev.  J.  Coleman  Adams  is  the  present  pastor. 

The  Church  of  the  Messiah,  or  Firct  Unitarian  Association,  corner 
of  Michigan  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street,  was  formerly  known  as 
the  First  Unitarian  Church,  and  is  the  pioneer  church  of  that  denom- 
ination in  Chicago.  It  was  organized  June  29,  1836,  and  after  various 
changes  finally  settled  in  the  present  building  in  1873,  the  building 
previously  occupied  in  another  location  having  perished  in  the  confla- 

gration,as  its  pred- 
ecessor had  also 
fallen  victim  to  that 
element.  The  edi- 
fice is  of  stone,  sur- 
mounted by  a  low 
tower,  and  was 
erected  at  a  cost  of 
$50,000.  The  in- 
terior is  hand- 
somely finished  in 
black  walnut  and 
pine.  The  seating 
capacity  is  750. 
Rev.  Robert  Coll- 
yer  was  minister 
at  large  for  a  brief 
season  in  1857.  In 
1866  the  noted 
Rev.  Robert  Laird 
Collierbecame  pas- 
tor, and  during  his 
incumbency  of 
nearly  ten  years,  gave  the  church  a  national  fame.  After  the  death  of  his 
wife,  he  resigned  his  charge  in  1875.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Hon. 
Hiram  Price,  of  Iowa,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  and  a  woman  of 
exceptionally  noble  mind  and  character.  A  fine  two-story  memorial 
structure  called  "  Mary  Collier  Chapel,"  was  erected  in  the  rear  of  the 
church  building  at  a  cost  of  $30.000.  It  contains  the  pastor's  study 
and  parlor,  and  a  chapel  for  Sunday  school  uses.  Rev.  Brooke  Hereford 
followed  Mr.  Collier,  and  the  present  pastor,  Rev.  David  Utter,  took 


CHURCH  OF  THE  MESSIAH. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  203 

charge  Jan.  15,  1883.  The  church  supports  the  Hereford  Kindergar- 
ten on  Twenty-second  Street  near  Wentworth  Avenue. 

Unity  Church,  Dearborn  Avenue,  opposite  Washington  Square,  is 
the  largest  of  the  Unitarian  organizations  in  the  city.  It  was  organized 
Dec.  23,  1857,  and  held  its  first  services  on  the  last  Sunday  in  May, 
1859.  Rev.  Robert  Collyer  preached  the  first  sermon,  and  continued 
in  the  pastoral  charge  for  twenty  years,  his  brilliant  ability  and  liberal 
and  humane  theology  commanding  public  attention,  drawing  hundreds 
to  the  membership,  and  spreading  the  fame  of  his  church  far  and  wide. 
Christmas  eve,  1859,  Rev.  Dr.  Hosmer,  of  Buffalo,  preached  the  ded- 
ication sermon  in  the  first  building  erected  for  the  church.  Nearly  ten 
years  later — June  20,  1869— Rev.  Dr.  Bellows,  of  New  York,  preached 
the  dedication  sermon  in  the  second  edifice,  erected  and  furnished  at  a 
cost  of  $210,000.  Dec.  7,  1873,  Rev.  Dr.  Furness,  of  Philadelphia, 
preached  the  dedication  sermon  in  the  third  building  (the  previous  one 
having  been  burned  in  1871),  which  had  been  erected  at  a  cost  of 
$97,737,  using  the  walls  and  foundation  of  its  predecessor.  It  has 
capacity  for  comfortably  seating  1,500- persons.  The  building  is  of 
rough-dressed  stone,  renaissance  Gothic  in  style,  with  two  unfinished 
towers,  to  the  completion  of  which  $26,000  left  by  the  late  Eli  Bates 
will  be  applied.  A  gallery  extends  around  three  sides  of  the  nave,  and 
the  interior  finish  is  of  dark  hardwood,  oil  polished.  The  acoustic 
properties  are  said  to  be  perfect.  The  church  pays  a  great  deal  of 
attention  to  social,  charitable  and  missionary  matters.  An  Industrial 
school  for  girls,  in  which  sewing  and  the  various  forms  of  housework 
are  taught,  has  been  supported  by  the  church  for  a  number  of  years. 
A  fine  building  has  just  been  erected  for  the  school,  at  a  cost  of  $20,- 
000,  from  a  fund  bequeathed  for  this  purpose  by  the  late  Eli  Bates. 
In  the  summer  of  1879  the  church  reluctantly  accepted  the  resignation 
of  Mr.  Collyer.  Rev.  Geo.  C.  Miln  was  then  installed,  but  after  about 
one  year  retired.  The  present  pastor,  Rev.  Geo.  Batchelor,  was  in- 
stalled the  first  Sunday  in  November,  1882. 

The  First  German  Baptist  Church,  corner  of  Bickerdike  and  West 
Huron  Streets,  was  organized  in  1858.  The  house  is  a  plain  wooden 
building  with  a  seating  capacity  of  400.  It  has  300  members,  a  Sun- 
day school  of  300  pupils ;  an  afternoon  Sunday  school  in  the  Danish 
language,  with  fifty  pupils  ;  and  a  mission  school  on  Burling  and  Wil- 
low Streets  which  has  150  pupils  and  occupies  a  brick  building  erected 
by  the  church  at  a  cost  of  $13,000.  The  pastor,  Rev.  Jacob  Meier,  has 
officiated  since  1878, 


204 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


The  Memorial  Church  (Baptist),  on  Oakwood  Boulevard  near  Cottage 
Grove  Avenue,  was  formerly  University  Place  Church.  The  society 
was  organized  near  the  close  of  1868,  in  the  chapel  of  the  Chicago 
University,  and  had  for  its  first  pastor  J.  A.  Smith,  D.  D.  Several  dis- 
tinguished divines  subsequently  filled  its  pulpit.  During  the  pastorate 
of  Eev.  J.  T.  Burhoe  the  building  was  removed  to  its  present  location, 
about  a  mile  south  of  its  former  site.  Its  membership  includes  many 
persons  who  were  formerly  members  of  the  Indiana  Avenue  Church, 
which  dissolved  in  1875.  Rev.  N.  E.  Wood,  D.  D.,  the  present  pastor, 
took  charge  in  1883. 

The  Churches  in  Chicago  represent  most  all  the  denominations. 
Only  the  leading  churches  of  the  various  denominations  have  been 
noted  in  the  preceding  pages.  The  total  number  of  duly  organized 
congregations  is  262.  The  number  in  each  denomination  is  shown  in 
the  following  table  : 


DENOMINATION. 

NO. 

DENOMINATION. 

NO. 

Baptist     

24 

Independent    ...                 . 

4 

Christian      

5 

Jewish  

14 

f  ongregational     

25 

Methodist  Episcopal        .    . 

40 

Dutch  Keforrned  

2 

Methodist  Episcopal  (Colored) 

3 

Episcopal     ,    . 

16 

New  Jerusalem(SwedenborgiaD) 

4 

Episcopal  (Reformed)  .... 

6 

Presbyterian    .         

16 

Evangelical  Association  . 

7 

Roman  Catholic  

35 

Evangelical  Lutheran  .... 

33 

Unitarian     

4 

2 

5 

Miscellaneous  .    ,    

13 

Total  

262 

The  Chicago  Bible  Society  is  a  branch  of  the  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety. Its  object  is  to  promote  the  wider  circulation  of  the  Bible,  and  its 
field  is  confined  to  Cook  County,  in  which  there  are  thirty-seven  aux- 
iliary societies.  About  150  local  agents  are  employed  in  canvassing 
the  county,  and  the  city  and  county  have  been  thoroughly  canvassed 
eleven  times  since  the  organization  of  the  society,  and  over  a  half 
million  copies  of  the  Bible  have  been  circulated.  The  depository  is  at 
150  Madison  Street. 

The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  (Holland)  has  had  merely 
a  nominal  existence  for  some  time,  and  for  nearly  two  years  its  regular 
meetings  have  been  suspended.  Latterly,  however,  interest  has  been 
somewhat  revived  and  a  r<  organization  is  proposed.  The  association 
has  a  library  of  over  300  volumes.  Meetings  were  formerly  held  at  the 
First  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  corner  of  May  and  West  Harrison 
Streets, 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


205 


The  Scandinavian  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  was  first 
organized  June  1, 1872,  by  the  young  men  of  Trinity  Lutheran  Church, 
corner  of  Indiana  and  Peoria  Streets,  the  congregation  of  which  is 
Scandinavian.  A  reorganization  took  place  in  1873,  but  not  much 
interest  was  manifested  until  1883,  when  the  work  revived.  The  asso- 
ciation now  has  140  members,  and  occupies  a  hall  at  No.  183  Peoria 
Street,  where  it  has  a  small  library  of  Scandinavian  books  and  English 
Bibles.  O.  L.  Stangeland,  239  W.  Erie  Street,  is  president. 

The  Chicago  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  was  founded  in 
1858.  It  began  with  151  members,  had 
355  at  the  end  of  its  first  year  and  now 
numbers  upwards  of  3,000.  During  the 
war  it  was  active  in  missionary  and  relief 
work  among  the  soldiers,  and  gave  sev- 
enty-five men  to  the  first  call  for  volun- 
teers. One  hundred  and  for!y-one  of  its 
members  perished  in  camp  and  on  the 
field.  Jan.  7,  1868,  its  commodious 
building  at  148  and  150  Madison  Street 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  a  second  one 
was  lost  in  the  gi-eat  fire  of  1871,  the 
losses  aggregating  in  the  neighborhood 
of  $100,000.  The  present  building  was 
dedicated  Nov.  26, 1874,  and  remodeled 
in  the  summer  of  1882.  It  is  a  substan- 
tial five-story  structure,  erected  at  a  cost 
of  $90,000,  and  valued,  with  the  ground, 
at  $250,000.  The  library  contains  3,600 
works,  and  is  free  to  all  members.  The 
reading-room  is  open  to  the  public,  and 
is  abundantly  supplied  with  papers  and  Y-  M-  c-  A-  BUILDING. 

magazines.  The  parlors  are  handsomely  furnished  and  inviting.  The 
gymnasium  has  an  average  daily  attendance  of  275.  The  baths  are  excel- 
lent and  well  patronized,  340  lockers  being  provided.  The  sociables, 
receptions  and  lectures  are  popular  and  liberally  attended.  Railroad 
branches  of  the  association  have  been  established  at  the  corner  of 
Kinzie  and  Canal  Streets,  where  there  is  a  reading  room,  and  at  4645 
State  Street  and  141  Stewart  Avenue,  where  both  reading  and  bath 
rooms  are  provided,  and  at  the  latter,  coffee  and  sleeping  rooms  are  also 
established.  The  employment  department  is  doing  excellent  work,. 


206  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Chicago  Sabbath  Association  has  been  in  active  operation 
since  1879,  first  as  a  branch  of  the  International  Sabbath  Association, 
and  afterward  as  a  separate  organization.  Its  special  mission  is  to 
protect  the  Sabbath  as  a  day  of  rest  and  worship,  and  hence  it  opposes 
all  unnecessary  labor,  traffic,  public  shows,  etc.,  on  that  day,  as  inter- 
fering with  its  dedication  to  the  purposes  mentioned,  and  tending  to 
degrade  it  in  the  eyes  of  youth.  The  society  has  held  some  popu- 
lar meetings  and  circulated  a  large  amount  of  literature.  Win.  Niestadt, 
57  Washington  Street,  is  secretary. 

The  Cook  County  Sunday  School  Association  dates  its  formation 
March  24,  1859,  and  includes  all  workers  in  the  Evangelical  Sunday 
schools  in  Cook  County.  It  aims  to  promote  interest  in  Sunday  school 
matters,  and  to  develop  better  modes  of  work.  It  distributes  about 
$13,000  annually  for  benevolence,  and  about  $1,000  for  state  and 
county  work.  The  office  is  at  148  Madison  Street.  W.  B.  Jacobs  is 
superintendent. 

The  Amsrica'n  Sunday  School  Union  organized  its  Chicago  branch 
in  1855.  The  special  work  of  this  oi'ganization  is  to  esta-blish  and 
assist  Sunday  schools,  employing  missionaries  for  the  purpose,  and 
supplying  the  schools  with  suitable  literature.  Sixteen  of  the  vice- 
presidents  of  the  union  are  pious  citizens  of  Chicago.  F.  G.  Ensign, 
148  Madison  Street,  is  the  superintendent  of  the  Chicago  branch. 


THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS,  UNIVERSITIES,  COLLEGES,  AND  OTHER 
EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

THE  educational  institutions  of  Chicago  are  well  up  to  its  necessities, 
save  in  the  matter  of  public  school  buildings.  It  has  been  an  im- 
possibility to  extend  the  public  school  facilities  so  as  to  keep  pace  with 
the  demands  of  the  growing  population.  But  there  is  an  ample  supply 
of  private  educational  institutions,  such  as  seminaries,  grammar 
schools,  kindergartens,  manual  training  schools  and  business  and  pro- 
fessional college3.  The  aggregate  of  schools  of  all  kinds  and  grades  in 
and  immediately  about  Chicago,  makes  it  a  great  center  of  education. 
In  the  building  up  of  these  schools  money  has  been  supplied  lavishly  ; 
endowments  and  funds  have  been  profusely  furnished ;  the  important 
accessories  of  great  libraries  have  already  reached  an  extraordinary 
extent ;  and  scholarships  of  the  most  liberal  character  abound  in  many 
of  the  institutions. 

The  Public  Schools  are  arranged  on  the  well-known  graded  system, 
and  are  divided  into  three  departments,  primary,  grammar,  and  the 
high  schools.  The  primary  schools  are  those  in  which  the  first  four 
grades  are  taught ;  the  grammar  schools  take  the  pupils  up  to  the  eighth 
gi-ade ;  and  the  high  schools  take  them  through  still  higher  studies 
known  as  the  ninth,  tenth,  eleventh  and  twelfth  grades.  There  are 
three  high  schools,  one  in  each  division  of  the  city,  and  located  as  fol- 
lows :  The  South  Division  high  school,  corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and 
Twenty-sixth  Street ;  West  Division  high  school,  corner  of  Morgan  and 
Monroe  Streets ;  North  Division  high  school,  corner  of  Wendell  and 
Wells  Streets.  The  total  attendance  in  the  high  school  department 
during  the  year  1883-84  was  1,400,  at  a  total  cost  per  pupil  of  $48.22. 
The  eight  grades  of  the  primary  and  grammar  departments  cover 
such  an  amount  of  ground,  that,  in  graduating  from  the  grammar 
schools,  the  pupils  are  fairly  well  prepared  to  enter  the  world  without 
further  school  instruction.  Evening  schools  have  been  opened  in  vari- 
ous school  buildings,  and  one  at  the  Newsboys'  Home — in  all,  fourteen. 
One  of  these  is  known  as  the  Evening  High  School,  and  is  for  the  bene- 


208  MARQUIS'  HAXD-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

fit  of  those  who  desire  to  study  in  the  higher  grades.  There  are  also 
five  deaf  mute  schools,  having  a  total  attendance  of  about  sixty.  The 
elementary  studies  in  these  schools  are  in  the  course  provided,  includ- 
ing geography  in  some  instances,  and  instruction  relating  to  morals 
and  manners.  There  are  also  classes  in  articulation  for  teaching  vocal 
speech.  There  are  sixty-eight  public  school  buildings  in  the  city. 
These  are  nearly  all  brick  structures,  and  those  lately  erected  are  pro- 
vided with  every  modern  improvement.  The  management  of  the  schools 
is  vested  in  a  board  of  education  appointed  by  the  mayor,  and  confirmed 
by  the  city  council.  This  board  consists  of  fifteen  members.  The  total 
value  of  the  school  sites  occupied  is  $1,166,475  ;  and  the  total  value  of 
the  school  buildings,  including  heating  apparatus  and  furniture,  is  $2,- 
530,825.  The  income  of  the  public  school  system  consists  of  the  school 
tax  from  the  state  and  city,  the  income'of  the  fund  derived  from  rentals 
and  sales  of  school  lands,  and  from  several  special  funds,  such  as  the 
Jonathan  Burr,  Newberry,  Michael  Eeese,  Moseley  and  other  funds,  some 
of  which  were  given  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  children  of  indi- 
gent parents  with  the  necessary  text-books. 

The  school  fund  property,  consisting  of  real  estate  and  the  princi- 
pal of  the  school  fund,  amounts  to  $2,841,791.  The  city  tax  for 
school  purposes  in  1883  was  $1,375,437.15,  at  the  rate  of  10.325 
mills  on  a  total  tax  valuation  of  $133,213,688.  The  total  cash  receipts 
of  the  school  board  for  the  year  1883  were  $1,434,571.32,  and  the 
total  expenditures  $1,327,837.63.  The  total  number  of  children  enrolled 
in  the  city  during  the  year  1883-84  was  72,509,  and  the  average  daily 
membership  of  pupils  during  the  same  period  was  55,890,  thus  leaving 
thousands  who  either  attend  private  schools  or  the  parochial  schools  of 
the  religious  denominations,  but  comparatively  few,  it  is  believed,  who 
do  not  enjoy  school  facilities  of  some  kind.  There  were  1,195  teachers 
employed,  and  the  total  cost  of  the  system  for  the  year  was  $1,132,- 
820,  of  which  $771,000  was  expended  for  tuition. 

The  University  of  Chicago  originated  with  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las. In  1855-56,  while  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States, 
Mr.  Douglas  proposed,  as  a  .mark  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  his 
deceased  wife,  to  endow  an  educational  institution  under  the  general 
control  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  To  this  end  he  offered  to  donate 
the  ten  acres  of  land  on  which  the  University  buildings  now  stand. 
Rev.  J.  C.  Burroughs  resigned  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  Church, 
accepted  a  deed  of  trust  of  the  property  for  the  purpose  named,  and 
undertook  the  task  of  raising  funds  for  the  construction  of  the  neces- 

*During  1886  the  University  of  Chicago  lost  its  property  by  foreclosure,  and  the 
school  has  suspended. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


209 


sary  buildings.  The  corner-stone  of  the  south  wing  was  accordingly 
laid  July  4,  1857.  This  wing  afforded  accommodations  for  the  stu- 
dents for  some  years,  but  in  1865  the  buildings  were  completed.  In 
1858  the  preparatory  department  was  organized,  with  the  double  view 
of  preparing  students  for  admission  to  the  college,  and  of  providing 
those  who  are  unable  to  take  the  collegiate  course  with  a  first-class 
academic  education.  In  1873,  the  office  of  chancellor  was  created,  and 
vested  with  the  financial  and  general  management,  and  Dr.  Burroughs 
was  chosen  to  that  post.  He  was  succeeded  in  the  presidency  by  Kev.  Dr. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO,  COTTAGE  GROVE  AVE.,  NEAR  THIRTY-FIFTH  ST. 

Lemuel  Moss,  who  a  year  later  was  succeeded  by  Hon.  Alonzo  Abernethy, 
who  occupied  the  chair  for  two  years,  when  Eev.  Galusha  Ander- 
son, S.  T.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  called  to  the  position,  the  duties  of  which  he 
still  fulfills.  The  university  includes  a  preparatory  department,  a  gen- 
eral collegiate  department  and  the  Union  College  of  Law.  The  latter 
is  referred  to  in  detail  elsewhere.  The  curriculum  of  the  collegiate 
department  embraces  a  classical  and  a  scientific  coiirse,  and  the  stand- 
ard of  examinations  is  high.  Students  are  also  allowed  to  pursue  an 
elective  course,  subject  to  the  regulations  of  the  faculty,  certificates  of 
proficiency  being  given  in  studies  in  which  satisfactory  examinations 
have  been  pa:sed.  Ladies  are  admitted  into  both  the  preparatory  and 
14 


210  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

collegiate  departments  on  the  same  terms  as  the  other  sex.  There  is  a 
valuable  library,  and  an  extensive  museum,  embracing  a  considerable 
collection  of  charts,  models,  specimens,  skeletons,  etc.,  illustrative  of 
human  anatomy,  zoology,  geology  and  numismatology,  together  with 
a  well  equipped  herbarium,  and  a  full  supply  of  modern  apparatus  for 
the  illustration  of  lectures  on  chemistry  and  natural  philosophy.  The 
buildings  are  strikingly  handsome  in  architectural  design.  They  stand 
in  a  grove  of  old  trees  on  Cottage  Grove  Avenue  near  Thirty-fifth 
Street.  Although  started  under  the  auspices  of  the  Baptist  denomi- 
nation, there  is  nothing  sectarian  in  the  management  of  the  University. 

The  Northwestern  University  occupies  a  group  of  buildings  in 
Evanston,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  suburbs  of  Chicago.  The  grounds 
on  which  the  buildings  are  situated  consist  of  about  thirty  acres  lying  on 
the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  The  main  building,  called  University  Hall, 
shown  in  the  illustration  on  the  opposite  page,  was  erected  at  a  cost 
of  $110,000.  It  is  used  only  for  chapel,  library,  museum  and  recita- 
tion purposes.  The  library  contains  about  26,000  volumes,  and 
8,000  pamphlets.  It  includes  the  Greenleaf  collection  of  Greek  and 
Latin  literature,  about  14,000  volumes,  which  is  said  to  be  one  of  the 
most  complete  classical  collections  in  America.  What  is  known  as  the 
Orrington  Lunt  library  fund,  amounting  to  considerably  over  $25, 000, 
is  set  apart  for  library  purposes.  The  museum  contains  valuable  col- 
lections. There  is  a  large  -and  well  appointed  gymnasium  on  the 
grounds.  The  university  embraces  a  college  of  liberal  arts,  provid- 
ing classical,  Latin  and  scientific  courses,  a  course  in  modern 
literature  and  art,  and  special  and  elective  courses ;  a  college  of  medi- 
cine (Chicago  Medical  College);  a  college  of  law  (Union  College  of  Law); 
preparatory  school,  school  of  elocution,  conservatory  of  music,  depart- 
ment of  art.  The  university  is  under  control  of  the  Methodist  denom- 
ination, but  is  unsectarian.  The  university  was  incorporated  in  1851. 
The  entire  property,  which  includes  large  real  estate  interests  in  Chi- 
cago, is  valued  at  $1,500,000.  Female  students  are  admitted  on  the 
same  terms  as  males,  to*the  e~>llege  of  liberal  arts,  the  Evanston  Col- 
lege for  Ladies  having  become  a  department  of  the  university  in  June, 
1873.  They  occupy  a  handsome  building  known  as  the  "Woman's 
College, "and  used  chiefly  for  study  and  lodging  rooms.  In  1883  the 
university  had  a  total  of  753  students.  Rev.  Joseph  Cummins,  D.D., 
LL.  D.,  is  president  of  the  faculty. 

Cook  County  Normal  and  Training  School,  Normalville,  Stewart  Ave- 
nue and  Sixty-seventh  Street,  was  established  by  Cook  County  for  the 


212  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

purpose  of  furnishing  competent  teachers  for  the  public  schools. 
There  are  a  normal  and  a  preparatory  department.  All  applicants  for 
admission  to  the  normal  department  must  declare  their  intention  to 
teach  in  the  public  schools  and  to  give  the  county  the  preference  in  all 
offers  to  secure  their  services ;  and  are  required  to  pass  satisfactory 
examination  in  various  common  school  branches — except  those  holding 
teacher's  certificates  or  those  who  have  graduated  from  a  high  school. 
Pupils  are  admitted  to  the  preparatory  department  without  examina- 
tion. Tuition  is  free  to  residents  of  the  county.  Non-residents  are 
required  to  pay  $30  per  year.  The  buildings  were  erected  in  1874. 
The  school  was  originally  established  at  Blue  Island  in  1867.  Francis 
W.  Parker  is  principal. 

The  Union  College  of  Law  was  organized  in  1859  as  the  law  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Chicago.  About  ten  years  ago  the  North- 
western University  was  admitted  to  an  equal  interest  and  joint  manage- 
ment in  the  school.  The  full  term  of  study  occupies  two  years  of 
thirty-six  weeks  each.  Those  entering  are  expected  to  have  at  least  a 
good  common  school  education.  The  diploma  granted  for  a  full  course 
admits  the  graduate  to  the  bar  of  Illinois,  and  attendance  for  a  shorter 
period  is  credited  to  the  applicant  on  examination  before  the  Appellate 
Court.  The  college  occupies  rooms  at  Nos.  80  and  82  Dearborn  Street. 
Hon.  Henry  Booth,  LL.  D.,is  dean  of  the  faculty. 

St.  Ignatius  College,  413  West  Twelfth  Street,  is  conducted  by  the 
Fathers  of  the  Society  of  Jesus.  It  was  organized  in  1869  and  char- 
tered a  year  later  with  power  to  confer  the  usual  degrees.  It  embraces 
academic,  collegiate,  commercial  and  preparatory  departments.  The 
academic  department  is  preparatory  to  the  collegiate,  but  furbishes  in 
itself  a  thorough  high  school  education  for  those  who  have  not  the 
opportunity  to  take  the  collegiate  course.  The  collegiate  department 
comprises  four  classes  :  Philosophy,  Rhetoric,  Poetry  and  the  Human- 
ities. The  eommercial  department  embraces  all  the  branches  of  a 
good  English  education.  The  preparatory  class  is  for  students  not 
sufficiently  advanced  to  enter  the  academic  or  commercial  departments. 
In  addition  to  the  regular  departments  of  instruction  there  are  the  Loyola 
Debating  Society,  for  the  promotion  of  eloquence  and  a  taste  for  literary 
studies,  and  the  Saint  Cecilia  Society,  whose  purpose  is  to  improve  its 
members  in  vocal  music,  and  to  contribute  to  the  celebration  of  literary 
and  religious  festivals.  In  addition  to  collegiate  studies  the  students 
are  instructed  in  the  doctrines  and  evidences  of  the  Catholic  religion. 
On  completion  of  the  collegiate  course,  the  student  receives  the  degree 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  2lf{ 

of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  and  by  devoting  one  more  year  to  the  study  of 
philosophy,  or  two  years  to  any  of  the  learned  professions,  he  may 
receive  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  The  college  buildings  are  hand- 
some and  commodious.  There  are  a  staff  of  twenty  professors,  a  fine 
museum,  a  library  of  12,000  Volumes,  a  laboratory,  a  conchological 
collection,  and,  in  short,  all  that  is  essential  to  a  first-class  educational 
establishment.  Rev.  Jos.  G.  Zealand,  S.  J.,  is  president  of  the  faculty. 

The  German-American  Young  Ladies'  Institute  is  a  day  and  board- 
ing school  for  girls.  It  was  established  in  1880,  and,  as  an  institution 
for  practical  instruction,  it  has  become  well  and  favorably  known.  The 
two  buildings  occupied  at  Nos.  605  and  607  North  Clark  Street,  near 
Lincoln  Park,  are  very  commodious.  They  provide  accommodations 
for  tea  resident  (boarding)  students,  and  about  seventy  day  pupils. 
'1  he  course  of  study  is  divided  into  Junior,  Intermediate  and  Senior 
departments,  and  contemplates  thorough  instruction  in  all  branches  of 
learning  that  may  be  essential  to  the  pupil  in  after  life,  or  that  may  add 
to  her  accomplishments.  It  has  always  been  the  aim  of  the  institution 
to  give  pupils  equal  advantages  in  the  German  and  English  languages, 
and  special  opportunities  are  now  extended  to  boarding  pupils  in 
acquiring  t  :e  French  language,  there  being  two  resident  French 
teachers.  Pupils  may  enter  the  institute  at  any  time.  The  faculty  con- 
sists of  ten  instructors.  Mrs.  Amelia  Ende  is  principal. 

St.  Xavier's  Academy  is  conducted  as  a  boarding  school  for  young 
ladies  only,  and  is  in  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy.  It  was  first 
opened  in  1846,  and  was  incorporated  in  February,  1847.  In  ATignst, 
1873,  several  changes  in  location  having  previously  been  made,  the 
pre  ent  splendid  building,  one  of  the  handsomest  devoted  to  educa- 
tional purposes,  on  the  corner, of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Twenty-ninth 
Street,  was  occupied.  The  course  of  study  embraces  the  various 
branches  of  solid  and  useful  education. 

The  Chicago  Manual  Training  School,  Michigan  Avenue  and 
Twenty-second  Street,  originated  with  an  association  of  gentlemen 
connected  with  the  Commercial  Club.  It  was  incorporated  in  1883, 
and  opened  Feb.  4,  1884.  Its  object  is  to  give  instruction  in  mathe- 
matics, drawing,  and  the  English  branches  of  a  high  school  course,  and 
specially  in  the  use  of  tools  in  shopwork  of  all  kinds.  The  building 
was  erected  by  the  association  at  a  cost  of  $50,000.  It  is  of  pressed 
red  brick,  five  stories,  and  covers  80x100  feet  of  ground;  and  will 
accommodate  300  pupils  at  study  and  work.  The  mechanical  depart- 
ment is  equipped  with  benches,  lathes,  tools,  forges,  engine,  etc.,  and 


214  MARQUIS1  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

the  American  Electrical  Society's  scientific  library  of  nearly  500  vol- 
umes has  been  placed  in  the  school,  and  other  valuable  books  of  refer- 
ence have  been  donated. 

The  Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses  was  instituted  in  1881. 
The  school  occupies  two  wards  in  the  County  Hospital.  Its  object  is 
not  only  to  furnish  trained  nurses  for  the  sick  and  wounded,  but  also  to 
afford  those  who  desire  to  become  skilled  nurses  such  facilities  as  will 
open  to  them  a  self-supporting  and  honorable  profession.  Pupils  are 
required  to  undergo  training  for  two  years.  The  buildings  and  ground 
known  as  the  Nurses'  Home,  are  located  at  304  Honore  Street.  They 
are  the  property  of  the  society.  The  institution  is  supported  by  con- 
tributions, annual  subscriptions,  services  to  the  hospital,  private  nurs- 
ing and  membership  fees. 

The  Illinois  Industrial  School  for  Girls  was  chartered  January,  1877, 
with  a  capital  of  $500  from  the  treasury  of  the  disbanded  Woman's 
Centennial  Association.  Its  board  of  directors  is  composed  of  men 
and  women  from  different  parts  of  the  state.  It  is  located  at  South 
Evanston  in  the  old  Soldiers'  Home  building,  which  was  remodeled  and 
enlarged  for  the  purpose.  The  specific  object  is  the  maintenance  of  a 
home  and  training  school  for  neglected,  dependent  and  homeless 
girls  under  eighteen  years  of  age,  until  permanent  homes  and  means  of 
support  can  be  secured  for  them.  Mrs.  Helen  M.  Beveridge  is  president. 

St.  Mary's  Training  School  for  Boys'  is  a  Catholic  institution  under 
the  charge  of  the  Christian  Brothers,  at  Feehanville,  Cook  County.  It 
was  incorporated  under  the  present  name  in  1882,  a  farm  of  440 
acres  was  purchased,  and  suitable  buildings  were  erected. 

The  Chicago  Athenaeum,  well  called  "The  People's  College,"  has 
its  rooms  at  48  to  54  Dearborn  Street,  occupying  the  three  upper 
stories.  It  has  for  its  purpose  intellectiial  and  physical  training  and 
has  become  a  recognized  institution  of  the  highest  educational  value. 
It  originated  soon  after  the  great  fire,  and  was  the  medium  through 
which  relief,  to  the  amount  of  $175, 000,  was  bestowed  upon  the  suf- 
ferers. It  was  then  known  as  the  Chicago  Young  Men's  Christian 
Union,  but  three  years  later,  the  board  of  government,  recognizing 
the  need  of  practical  educational  work  in  a  central  location,  the  name 
was  changed  to  the  Chicago  Athenaeum.  It  includes  day  and  evening 
classes,  also  a  gymnasium.  All  the  instruction  of  the  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute is  given  here.  The  curriculum  is  comprehensive,  and  withal 
notably  practical.  It  includes  drawing,  music,  elocution,  mathematics, 
Latin,  penmanship,  lectures  on  English  and  American  literature, 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHIC  AGO. 


215 


book-keeping,  short-hand  and  type-writing,  French,  German,  and 
Spanish.  It  has  a  day  grammar  school  and  also  a  business  school, 
open  to  both  sexes,  in  which  Munson's  short-hand,  type-writing,  and 
German  are  taught.  A  ladies'  class  for  the  critical  study  of  the  best 

English  literature,  es- 
pecially Shakespeare, 
is  held  every  Wednes- 
day afternoon.  An 
employment  bureau 
furnishes  clerks, 
me  c  h  a  n  i  cs,  short  - 
hand  reporters  and 
type-writers.  The 
Athenaeum  is  wholly 
unsectarian,  its  only 
condition  of  member- 
bership  being  that  of 
good  moral  character. 
The  gymnasium  is  not 
the  least  important 
feature  of  the  institu- 
tion. It  o  c  c  u  p  i  es 
a  room  90x80  feet 
and  t  w  e  n  t  y  -  s  even 
feet  high,  well-lighted  and  ventilated  and  equipped  with  every  desir- 
able accessory  to  such  a  place.  It  has  a  large  active  membership  and 
gives  several  athletic  exhibitions  every  winter  to  crowded  houses. 
The  number  of  people  taught  in  the  Athenaeum  is  about  1,000  a  year, 
a  number  very  much  greater  than  that  of  any  academy  or  college  in  the 
state.  Financially  it  is  flourishing,  and  full  of  promise  for  the  future. 
Its  pressing  need  is  a  much  larger  building,  with  more  class-rooms  and 
a  commodious  hall  for  first-class  lectures  on  art,  science,  and  literature. 
Mrs.  Muncel  Talcott  has  given  $5,000  toward  a  permanent  fund,  also 
$1,000  for  the  exclusive  use  of  the  library.  The  late  Eli  Bates  left  a 
bequest  of  $10,000  toward  the  same  fund.  The  board  of  directors,  of 
which  P.  B.  Moulton,  Esq.,  is  president,  and  John  Wilkinson,  JEsq., 
recording  secretary  and  treasurer,  is  composed  of  sixteen  prominent 
merchants  and  lawyei-s.  A  warm  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  Athen- 
teum.  is  taken  by  the  mercantile  community.  Mr.  Edward  I.  Galvin  is 
superintendent,  and  Mr.  Joseph  Silvers,  assistant  superintendent. 


THE  CHICAGO  ATHEN/EUM. 


216 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


Rush  Medical  College  is  the  oldest  medical  college  in  Chicago,  and  was 
the  first  educational  institution  incorporated  in  the  Northwest.  It  was 
started  in  embryo  in  1836  by  Dr.  Daniel  Brainard,  who  for  many  years 
led  the  medical  faculty  of  the  west.  Dr.  Brainard,  with  Dr.  G.  C. 
Goodhue,  of  Rockford,  111.,  secured  an  act  of  incorporation  which  was 
approved  in  1837,  but  owing  to  the  prevailing  financial  depression,  the 
college  did  not  organize  until  1843,  when  two  small  rooms  were  fitted 
up  on  Clark  Street,  and  a  course  of  lectures  delivered  by  the  faculty, 
consisting  of  Drs.  Brainard,  Knapp,  Blaney  and  McLean.  In  1844 
some  North  Side  citizens  donated  a  lot  on  which  was  erected  a  building 
costing  $3,500.  In  1855  this  was  remodeled  and  enlarged  to  accommo- 


EDICAL  COLLEGE. 


RUSH  MEDICAL  COLLEGE. 


date  250  students.  In  1867  a  new  building  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about 
$100,000,  but,  on  the  fated  9th  of  October,  1871,  the  structure,  with 
all  its  contents,  disappeared  in  the  flames.  A  temporary  place  was 
secured  for  lectures  in  the  old  County  Hospital,  and  later  a  temporary 
structure  was  erected  on  Eighteenth  Street.  In  1875,  the  present 
building,  at  the  corner  of  Waod  and  Harrison  Streets  was  finished  and 
occupied.  It  is  one  of  the  most  complete  institutions  of  the  kind  on 
the  continent.  It  has  two  lecture  rooms,  each  with  a  seating  capacity  of 
over  500  and  thoroughly  equipped.  There  are  anatomical,  physiolog- 
ical, clinical  and  chemical  departments.  The  Central  Free  Dispensary 
is  connected  with  the  clinical  department,  and  2,000  cases  are  treated 
annually  in  the  County  Hospital.  The  value  of  the  college  property  is 
aboiit  $125,000.  The  number  of  graduates  per  annum  is  about  175. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOS  Of1  CHICAGO.  217 

The  Presbyterian  Hospital,  mentioned  in  the  chapter  on  "  Charity  and 
Benevolence,"  was  erected  by  the  college,  and  then  transferred  to  the 
Presbyterian  Hospital  Society — the  faculty  remaining  in  professional 
charge  of  the  patients.  The  faculty  is  composed  of  twelve  members. 
J.  Adams  Allen,  M.  D.,  is  president. 

Hahnemann  Msdical  College  is  the  oldest  homoeopathic  college  in 
the  Northwest.  It  was  incorporated  in  1855,  and  lecture  rooms  were 
opened  in  1859  at  168  Clark  Street,  with  twenty-five  students.  The 
college  building,  at  2813  Cottage  Grove  Avenue,  was  erected  in  1870. 
It  is  a  brick  structure  with  three  stories  and  basement.  The  hospital 
is  in  the  rear,  one  block  away.  There  are  two  terms  each  year — a  win- 
ter course,  and  a  practitioner's  course  of  six  weeks  in  the  spring.  The 
plan  of  instruction  is  largely  clinical  and  objective,  the  college  course 
being  the  complement  of  the  daily  drill  in  the  hospital.  Female  stu- 
dents are  admitted  on  the  same  terms  as  males.  Many  students  come 
from  New  York  and  New  England  to  complete  their  course  at  this 
institution.  The  faculty  consists  of  seventeen  professors.  A.  E.  Small, 
M.  D.,  is  president ;  E.  Ludlam,  M.  D.,  is  dean. 

The  Chicago  Medical  College,  cornar  of  Prairie  Avenue  and  Twenty- 
sixth  Street,  was  founded  in  1859,  as  the  medical  department  of  Lind 
University,  but  in  1864  it  was  incorporated  as  a  separate  institution, 
and  in  1869  it  was  adopted  as  the  medical  department  of  the  North- 
western University.  Its  founders  were  Drs.  H.  A.  Johnson,  N.  S.  Davis, 
W.  H.  By  ford,  E.  Andrews,  E.  N.  Isham  and  David  Eutter.  It  has  a 
practitioner's  course,  a  regular  three  years'  course,  and  a  fourth  year 
for  such  as  may  desire  to  take  it.  The  two  large  amphitheaters  per- 
mit of  lectures  to  two  classes  at  the  same  hour.  The  laboratories  are 
supplied  with  modern  apparatus,  and  the  museum  contains  an  excep- 
tionally large  and  useful  collection.  The  college  was  the  first  in  the 
United  States  to  adopt  a  full  graded  system  of  medical  instruction,  and 
one  of  the  first  to  require  a  fair  standard  of  general  education  before 
entering  the  college.  N.  S.  Davis,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  is  dean  of  the  faculty ; 
Walter  May,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  is  secretary,  and  E.  Andrews,  M.  D.,  LL.  D., 
treasurer. 

Bennett  College  of  Eclectic  Medicine  and  Surgery  was  inaugurated 
in  1868,  and  chartered  a  year  later.  The  school  was  opened  on  Kinzie 
Street,  between  LaSalle  and  Fifth  Avenue,  with  thirty  students.  The 
second  course  was  held  at  No.  180  East  Washington  Street,  and  was 
interrupted,  but  only  for  a  week,  by  the  great  fire.  After  moving  once 
or  twice  after  the  fire,  a  site  was  obtained  at  511  and  513  State  Street, 


218  MARQVIS*  HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO. 

on  which  was  erected  the  present  college  building,  a  five -story  struct- 
ure, 40X100  feet,  with  accommodation  for  250  students.  Bennett 
Hospital  adjoins  the  college  building  in  the  rear.  Ladies  have  been 
admitted  on  the  same  terms  as  males,  except  during  one  or  two  sessions 
of  the  school.  The  institution  has  graduated  over  500  students.  The 
faculty  consists  of  fifteen  members.  Prof.  Milton  Jay,  M.  D.,  is  dean. 

The  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Chicago  is  located  at  337  and 
339  Lincoln  Street,  opposite  the  County  Hospital.  It  owes  its  existence 
largely  to  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Byford,  a  local  physician  of  eminence.  It  was 
established  in  1870,  and  is  now  on  a  permanent  foundation,  and  owns 
the  brick  building  it  occupies.  There  are  a  two  and  a  three  years' 
course  of  study,  and  a  select  course  in  anatomy,  physiology,  chemistry, 
or  microscopy  for  ladies.  The  college  is  allopathic  in  its  teachings, 
and  the  only  medical  school  in  the  West  exclusively  for  women.  The 
faculty  is  composed  of  twenty-seven  professors.  AV.  H.  Byford,  A.  M., 
M.  D.,  is  president,  and  Charles  W.  Earle,  M.  D.,  is  secretary. 

The  Chicago  College  of  Pharmacy,  415  and  417  State  Street,  was 
founded  in  1859.  The  war  interrupted  its  progress  after  two  courses  of 
lectures  had  been  given,  and  nothing  further  was  done  until  1869, 
when  operations  were  again  resumed  only  to  be  suspended  by  the  fire 
of  1871.  The  next  year  contributions  from  druggists  and  friends, 
amounting  to  four  or  five  thousand  dollars,  and  some  books  having 
been  sent  in,  the  lectures  were  once  more  resumed,  and  have  continued 
without  interruption.  The  new  college  building  was  erected  during 
the  summer  of  1884.  It  is  a  handsome  brick  structure,  and  one  of  the 
best  equipped  pharmacy  colleges  in  the  country.  The  lecture  hall  on 
the  first  floor  has  seating  capacity  for  400  persons.  The  mus  >um, 
library  and  experimental  laboratory  occupy  the  second  floor,  and  the 
third  floor  is  fitted  up  with  an  extensive  pharmaceutical  laboratory. 
The  curriculum  embraces  chemistry,  pharmacy,  materia  medica  and 
toxicology,  and  botany.  The  college  stands  third  in  the  Un'ted  States 
in  point  of  attendance.  Thomas  Whitfield  is  president ;  S.  L.  Coffin, 
secretary,  and  T.  H.  Patterson,  treasurer. 

The  Chicago  Dental  Infirmary,  Nos.  22  and  24  Adams  Street,  third 
floor,  was  founded  in  1882.  Its  purpose  is  to  educate  practitioners  for 
dental  and  oral  surgery,  to  teach  the  science  and  art  of  dentistry  to 
medically  educated  students,  and  the  ti'eatment  or  extraction  of  teeth. 
The  institution  is  kept  open  the  entire  year  for  clinical  instruction. 
James  A.  Swasey  is  president ;  Edgar  D.  Swain,  treasurer;  Thomas  W. 
Brophy,  secretary. 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  219 

The  Collegiate  Department  of  the  Chicago  Dental  Infirmary  teaches 
the  science  and  art  of  dentistry  to  medically  educated  young  men  who 
desire  to  practice  that  sp:cialty.  The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Dental  Sur- 
gery is  conferred  only  on  men  having  a  degree  in  medicine  from  col- 
eges  recognized  by  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Health. 

The  Chicago  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (  Allopathic),  cor- 
ner Harrison  and  Honore  Streets,  was  organized  in  1881.  The  build- 
ing is  a  splendid  stone  structure  four  stories  in  height,  with  a  tower 
100  feet  high.  The  architecture  is  the  Queen  Anne  style.  The  amphi- 
theater seats  475.  The  curriculum  of  the  college  is  comprehensive. 
It  is  adapted  to  a  two  or  three  years'  course.  The  faculty  consists 
of  thirty  professors,  lecturers  and  demonstrators.  A.  Eeeves  Jackson, 
M.  D.,  is  piesident ;  D.  A.  K.  Steele,  M.  D.,  is  secretary;  Leonard 
St.  John,  M.  D.,  is  treasurer. 

The  Theological  Schools  are  as  follows  :  The  Chicago  Theological 
Seminary  (Congregational)  was  founded  in  1858.  It  occupies  Carpen- 
ter &  King's  Halls  and  Hammond  Library,  corner  Ashland  and  Warren 
Avenues.  The  library  contains  6,000  volumes.  The  Presbyterian 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Northwest,  North  Halsted  Street  and  Ful- 
lerton  Avenue,  is  the  successor  to  a  seminary  originally  established 
at  Hanover,  Ind.,  in  1830,  removed  to  New  Albany.  Ind.,  in  1840,  and 
to  Chicago  in  1859  on  the  offer  of  the  late  Cyrus  H.  McCormick 
to  donate  $100,000  for  the  endowment  of  four  professorships.  The 
Iniildings  are  spacious  and  handsome  and  the  library  con'ains  10,000 
volumes.  The  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  was  organized  in  Chicago 
in  1865,  and  removed  to  Morgan  Park  in  1877.  It  has  a  Swedish  de- 
partment in  which  instruction  is  given  in  the  Swedish  language. 
The  library,  including  the  Huegestenberg  and  Ide  collections,  com- 
prises about  20,000  volumes.  The  property  is  valued  at  $300,000. 
The  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  (Methodist  Episcopal;,  occupies  build- 
ings erected  on  the  grounds  of  the  Northwestern  University  at  a  cost  of 
$60,000.  It  was  founded  on  a  bequest  of  $300,000  worth  of  property 
by  Mrs.  Eliza  Garrett.  The  Swedish  Theological  Seminary  is  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Northwestern  Swedish  M.  E.  Conference.  It  is 
exclusively  a  school  for  young  men  from  the  M.  E.  church.  It  was 
founded  at  Galesburg.  111.,  in  1868,  but  removed  to  its  present  con- 
nection with  Northwestern  University  in  1882. 

The  Chicago  Mechanics'  Institute  was  chartered  in  1843.  Its  object 
is  the  diffusion  of  knowledge  and  information  throughout  the  mechan- 
ical classes,  and  the  formation  of  a  library  and  museum  for  the  benefit 


220  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

of  mechanics.  It  does  all  its  educational  work  through  the  Athe- 
nteum.  Individual  instruction  is  given  through  the  classes  of  the 
Athenaeum  to  mechanics  and  their  children  who  are  unable  to  pay  for 
their  tuition.  The  course  of  instruction  includes  reading,  writing, 
arithmetic,  geometry,  and- a  complete  course  of  free-hand  and  mechan- 
ical drawing.  The  average  number  of  attendants  during  the  past  three 
years  has  been  140.  This  institute  is  a  most  valuable  one,  and  is  fully 
deserving  of  the  sympathy  and  cordial  support  of  the  public.  *  George 
C.  Trussing  is  president ;  Murry  Nelson,  treasurer ;  Jos.  Silvers,  libra- 
rian, and  John  Wilkinson,  auditor. 

Schools  not  heretofore  specially  mentioned  embrace  every  depart- 
ment of  instruction,  and  are  nearly  all  private  enterprises.  Many  of 
the  churches  and  charitable  and  benevolent  institutions  maintain  gen- 
eral or  industrial  schools  or  kindergartens— see  chapters  on  ''Keligious 
Organizations  "  and  ' '  Charity  and  Benevolence."  Morgan  Park  Military 
Academy  is  located  at  Morgan  Park,  as  is  also  the  Chicago  Female  Col- 
lege, and  the  society  of  the  American  Institute  of  Hebrew,  but  are 
properly  classed  as  Chicago  institutions.  Unity  Church  Industrial 
School  has  recently  moved  into  its  new  building  on  Elm  Street. 

Music  Schools  are  numerous,  but  all  of  a  private  character.  The 
leading  music  schools  are  the  Chicago  Musical  College,  Central  Music 
Hall;  School  of  Lyric  and  Dramatic  Art,  Weber  Miisic  Hall;  Hershey 
School  of  Musical  Art,  Hershey  Music  Hall. 

The  Art  Schools  are  mentioned  in  the  chapter  on  "Arts  and  Sci- 
ences." 

The  Private  Schools,  by  which  term  all  schools  in  the  city,  except 
public  schools  under  the  charge  of  the  Board  of  Education,  may  be 
designated,  numbered  in  May  (1884)  156,  with  33,874  pupils,  aj  fol- 
lows :  Kindergartens,  26— wit1!  626  femnle  and  511  male  pupils  and 
69  teachers;  parochial,  73— wi  h  15.036  female  and  13.463  male 
pupils  and  442  teachers ;  business  colleges,  4— with  293  female  and 
748  male  pupils  and  37  teachers ;  all  others,  57— with  2,274  female 
and  1,923  male  pupils  and  302  teachers. 


THE  OLD  AND  NEW  LIBRARIES,  THE  READING  ROOMS,  AND  THE 
PRIVATE  BOOK  COLLECTIONS. 

"DEFORE  the  great  fire  of  1871  the  principal  libraries  of  the  city 
J-)  were  those  of  the  Young  Men's  Association  and  of  the  Historical 
Society.  The  Young  Men's  Association  was  organized  in  1841,  and 
proceeded  at  once  to  make  the  first  successful  associated  effort  to 
establish  a  library  in  Chicago,  and  at  the  time  of  the  conflagration 
had  accumulated  about  16, 000' volumes,  which  were  destroyed.  The 
institution  seems  to  have  then  and  there  received  its  death-blow,  as  it 
has  never  since  been  revived.  There  were  several  large  collections  of 
books  on  historical  and  other  special  siibjects,  owned  by  private  indi- 
viduals, but  the  two  named  were  the  only  libraries  open  to  general 
access.  There  was  no  public  library,  supported  as  a  municipal  institu- 
tion by  public  taxation,  and  free  to  all. 

The  Public  Library  was  originated  by  Thomas  Hughes,  M.  P.,  of 
London,  the  well-known  English  author,  soon  after  the  great  fire.  Mr. 
Hughes  issued  an  appeal  to  publishers,  authors,  librarians  and  others 
throughout  Great  Britain,  asking  for  donations  of  books  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  free  public  library  in  Chicago,  and  in  a  short  time  more 
than  7,000  volumes  were  received  in  response  to  the  appeal.  The 
British  Museum  gave  copies  of  all  of  its  own  publications,  with  other 
spare  volumes,  and  its  example  was  followed  by  Oxford  University, 
the  Commissioner  of  Patents,  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  and  the  leading 
English  publishers,  authors  and  owners  of  libraries.  The  Queen  her- 
self sent,  "  as  a  mark  of  English  sympathy,"  a  copy  of  her  book  on  "  The 
Early  Life  of  the  Prince  Consort."  At  a  public  meeting  Jan.  8,  1872, 
it  was  determined  to  make  the  library  a  public  institution.  A  commit- 
tee was  appointed  to  draft  a  bill  giving  the  city  the  authority  to  estab- 
lish and  maintain  it,  and  the  legislature  promptly  passed  the  measure. 
While  the  institution  was  taking  on  the  form  of  organization,  the  books 
were  temporarily  placed  in  the  immense  iron  tank  at  the  corner  of 
Adams  and  LaSalle  Streets,  which  was  formerly  a  part  of  the  water- 
works. A  reading  room  was  opened  there  in  January,  1873.  Early  in 


222  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

1874  library  rooms  were  procured  at  the  corner  of  Wabasli  Avenue  and 
Madison  Street.  For  public  use  the  library  was  divided  into  two 
departments — the  circulating  department,  from  which  books  can  be 
taken  out  under  proper  regulations,  and  the  reference  department,  in 
which  the  books  are  open  for  examination,  but  are  not  allowed  to  be 
taken  from  the  building.  The  circulating  department  was  opened  to 
the  public  May  1,  1874,  the  total  number  of  volumes  in  the  library  at 
that  time  being  17,355.  In  May,  1875,  the  library  was  removed  to 
the  building  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Lake  Streets, 
and  in  May,  188G,  it  was  removed  to  the  room  now  occupied  on  the 
fourth  floor  of  the  City  Hall.  Branch  deliveries  have  been  established 
at  124  East  Twenty-second  Street,  482  South  Halsted  Street,  409 
Milwaukee  Avenue,  817  West  Madison,  349  E.  Division,  233  Thirty- 
first,  and  531  West  Twelfth  Streets.  The  following  statistics  for  the 
year  1885-6  will  give  the  reader  an  idea  of  the  Avork  of  this  library: 
Number  of  books  in  library,  119*,510;  expended  for  new  books,  $9,- 
405.38;  circulation,  608,708;  borrowers  registered,  27,142;  visitors 
to  the  reference  department,  66,498;  visitors  to  the  reading-room, 
655,816;  periodicals  on  file,  325;  newspapers  on  file,  156;  cost  of 
serials,  $1,444.84:  salary  account,  $32,202.76.  Wm.  F.  Poole,  form- 
erly librarian  of  the  Cincinnati  Public  Library,  and  previously  of  the 
Boston  Athensbum,  has  been  librarian  since  1873.  The  library  is  open 
to  the  public  every  day  from  9  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M. 

The  Chicago  Historical  Society  was  organized  in  1856.  The  first 
secretary  and  librarian  was  Bev.  W.  H.  Barry.  Nearly  100,000  volumes 
of  books  and  a  very  large  accumulation  of  manuscripts  relating  to  the 
traditions  and  early  settlement  of  Illinois,  and  a  vast  amount  of  valu- 
able information  concerning  the  civil  war,  including  much  that  was 
rare  and  not  otherwise  obtainable,  was  secured  and  in  the  possession  of 
the  society  before  the  great  fire,  and  all  was  lost.  Immediately  after 
the  fire,  many  collections  were  forwarded  to  the  society  from  Europe 
and  ofher  sources,  and  reached  here  in  time  to  be  consumed  by  the 
fire  of  July,  1874.  In  the  summer  of  1877  money  was  raised  to  put 
up  the  present  building,  which  was  first  occupied  Oct.  15,  1877,  with 
a  collection  of  703  bound  and  998  unbound  volumes  and  pamphlets. 
The  building  is  located  at  140  and  142  Dearborn  Avenue.  It  is  a  plain 
brick  structure,  40X60  feet,  one  story  in  height,  and  is  but  poorly 
adapted  to  the  uses  of  the  society.  The  library  now  comprises 
about  9,000  volumes  and  28.000  pamphlets,  including  files  of 
the  daily  newspapers ;  a  splendid  collection  of  the  histories  of  the 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  223 

various  counties  of  the  northwest ;  over  100  volumes  of  manuscripts 
and  mamiscript  letters,  including  the  extensive  collection  made  by 
Hon.  E.  B.  Washburne  during  his  long  political  life.  The  latter  are 
kept  in  Mr.  Washburne's  private  vault.  There  is  also  in  the  possession 
of  the  society  every  printed  report  of  Massachusetts  relating  to  agri- 
culture, since  1837,  and  all  the  educational  reports  of  that  state  for 
forty-five  years ;  the  reports  of  the  asylum  of  the  blind  since  February, 
1829,  which  includes  a  report  on  the  discovery  of  raised,  printed  let- 
ter.s  for  the  use  of  the  blind  ;  and  most  of  the  reports  of  the  charitable, 
reformatory  and  religious  institutions  of  the  same  state-since  1847.  The 
historical  matter  relative  to  the  early  history  of  the  northwest  is  very 
complete.  There  are  portraits  in  oil  of  Gen.  Grant,  Columbus,  Vespucius, 
Gen.  Henry  Dearborn,  Edward  Coles,  the  third  governor  of  Illinois, 
Peter  Menard,  first  lieut. -govern or,  W.  B.  Ogden,  first  mayor  of  Chi- 
cago, John  Wentworth,  John  B.  Eice,  J.  Y.  Scammon,  and  others.  The 
society  owns  120x131  feet  on  the  corner  of  Dearborn  Avenue  and 
Ontavio  Street,  where  the  present  building  stands.  It  has  had  a  fund 
of  $62,000  bequeathed  to  it  by  Henry  D.  Gilpin,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
another  of  $13,500  left  by  Miss  Lucretia  Pond,  the  income  from  which 
is  to  be  devoted  to  the  purchase  of  books,  maps  and  historical  paint- 
ings. The  library  rooms  are  open  every  day  except  Sunday  for  the 
benefit  of  the  public.  Elihu  B.  Washburne  is  president ;  Albert  D.  Ha- 
ger,  secretary  and  librarian  ;  Henry  N.  Nash,  treasurer. 

The  Union  Catholic  Library  was  established  April  12,  1869,  by  a 
body  of  young  men  who  formed  a  Catholic  association  for  the  purpose. 
It  was  first  located  in  rooms  in  Oriental  Block  on  LaSalle  Street,  and 
afterward  in  Kent  Building  on  Monroe  Street.  The  entire  collection, 
except  about  100  volumes,  was  burned  in  the  fire  of  1871.  After  the 
fire,  rooms  were  secured  in  Pike  Building  on  State  Street,  and  a  new 
collection  begun.  The  library  now  contains  about  3,000  volumes,  and 
embraces  books  in  all  departments,  save  such  as  may  conflict  with  the 
Catholic  religion.  The  rooms  of  the  association — consisting  of  suitable 
library  rooms  with  a  stage  suitable  for  lectures  and  other  entertain- 
ments—are at  121  LaSalle  Street.  They  were  occupied  in  May,  1885. 
The  association  now  has  about  460  members.  Miss  Mamie  J.  Graham 
is  librarian. 

The  Chicago  Law  Institute  Library  belongs  to  the  Chicago  Law  Insti- 
tute, which  was  organized  for  the  ptirpose  of  establishing  a  law  li- 
brary. It  is  located  in  handsome  and  commodious  rooms  on  the  fourth 
floor  of  the  new  county  court-house.  The  institute  was  incorporated 


224  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

in  1857,  mainly  through  the  efforts  of  Hon.  Elliott  Anthony,  the  char- 
ter being  modeled  upon  the  charter  of  the  New  York  Law  Institute. 
The  debris  of  an  old  law  library  were  purchased  and  at  the  time  of  the 
great  fire  in  October,  1871,  the  library  contained  about  7,000  vol- 
umes, valued  at  $50,000.  After  the  fire  the  work  of  reconstruction 
was  promptly  begun,  and  rapidly  carried  forward.  The  library  was 
moved  into  its  present  quarters  May  2,  1881.  It  now  comprises  about 
16,000  volumes,  and  is  noted  as  bei  g  one  of  the  finest  collections 
of  legal  works  in  the  United  States. 

The  Chicago  Athenaeum,  50  Dearborn  Street,  maintains  a  reading 
room  and  library  for  the  benefit  of  its  members.  Ihe  reading  room  is 
provided  with  all  the  Chicago  daily  and  several  of  the  weekly  papers, 
also  the  leading  monthly  magazines,  and  is  open  daily  from  8  A.  M.  to 
9:  45  P.  M.  The  library  contains  1,050  volumes.  During  the  past  year 
300  volumes  of  choice  reference  books  and  standard  literature  were 
added. 

The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Library,  No.  148  Madison 
Street,  comprises  about  3,000  volumes,  for  the  use  of  the  members  of 
the  association.  The  reading  room,  supplied  with  daily  papers,  maga- 
zines and  leading  periodicals,  is  open  to  all. 

The  Private  Libraries  of  Chicago  include  some  of  the  most  valuable 
collections  west  of  the  Alleghenies,  both  as  to  rarity  and  condition  of 
the  books  collected.  Some  of  the  most  noted  collections  have  been 
made  by  E.  G.  Asay,  Esq.,  a  well-known  lawyer,  an  unerring  judge  of 
works  of  value,  and  an  untiring  searcher  after  copies  of  rareness  and 
exceptional  worth.  He  was  the  pioneer  book  collector  of  the  city,  and 
at  the  present  time  is  engaged  mainly  in  accumulating  works  of  the 
Elizabethan  literature.  He  has  now  a  library  of  nearly  1,800  volumes, 
including  Shaksperian  works,  fine  art  works,  and  some  famous  illustrated 
copies.  Many  of  these  works  are  Avorthy  of  special  mention.  Among 
others,  he  has  a  set  of  Eobert  Burns  extended  from  six  to  twelve  vol- 
umes, with  extra  illustrations  consisting  of  portraits  and  views,  and  in- 
cluding much  other  valuable  matter,  among  which  are  twenty  original 
songs  and  ballads  in  the  autograph  of  the  poet,  and  forty-seven  letters 
by  members  of  the  Burns  family.  There  is  also  a  Shakspere  extended 
from  fifteen  to  thirty-six  volumes  by  the  addition  of  portraits,  plates, 
drawings,  water-colors,  autographs  and  letters,  among  which  is  a  letter 
written  by  Elizabeth  to  Henry  of  France  ;  one  by  Bacon,  and  a  large 
number  commenting  on  Shakspere.  There  is  a  Moliere  which  is  ex- 
tended from  six  to  twelve  volumes  with  plates,  .portraits,  and  drawings ; 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  225 

and  au  edition  of  Scott  extended  from  twelve  to  twenty -six  volumes. 
A  particularly  valuable  work  is  Lubke's  History  of  Art,  extended  from 
two  to  six  volumes  by  the  addition  of  several  hundred  proof-plates. 
He  has  recently  acquire.d  a  complete  set  of  John  Payne  Collier's  re- 
prin.s.  In  addition  to  these.  Mr.  Asay  has  over  one  hundred  very 
costly  books  on  vellum;  Don  Quixote  extended  from  six  to  eight- 
een volumes  by  the  insertion  of  all  the  known  illustrations,  as  well  as 
the  original  drawings  by  Stothard.  A  Walton  &  Cotton's  Angler  is 
among  the  collection,  which  has  been  extended  to  six  volumes  by 
the  addition  of  430  plates.  He  has  a  set  by  Motley  in  which  is  a  num- 
ber of  scenes  of  the  period  of  the  Spanish  war,  and  a  set  of  Prescott 
which  contains,  among  other  extra  illustrations,  a  very  curious  doc- 
ument signed  by  Ferdinand  and  Isabella.  The  collection  possessed  by 
Mr.  Asay  represents  a  labor  extending  over  a  generation.  Mr.  George 
Armour  probably  has  the  most  valuable  private  library  in  the  city.  It 
contains  over  2,000  volumes,  among  which  are  very  rare  and  unique 
works.  In  the  main,  the  collection  is  made  up  of  modern  works,  which 
are  distinguished  for  the  beauty  of  their  paper,  tjTpe,  illustrations,  and 
binding.  He  has  also  a  very  valuable  collection  of  etchings.  Mr.  E. 
B.  McCagg  has  a  fine  and  valuable  library  of  a  practical  character. 
Mr.  Perry  H.  Smith's  library  contains  over  1.200  volumes,  a  great  por- 
tion of  which  is  devoted  to  the  first  Napoleon  and  his  deeds  and 
times.  N.  Q.  Pope,  Esq.,  has  a  library  of  over  2,500  volumes,  inclu- 
sive of  400  books  of  rare  old  plays  of  the  Seventeenth  Cenlury.  Many 
of  his  books  are  siiperbly  illustrated,  and  there  are  500  volumes  of  old 
English  literature,  which  include  many  volumes  of  the  collection  of 
the  Duke  of  Hamilton,  the  collection  of  A.  H.  Griswold,  New  York,  and 
other  noted  collectors.  He  has  a  remarkable  Chaucer  which  was  once 
in  the  possession  of  the  Duke  of  Sussex ;  an  uncut  folio  of  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  and  original  editions  of  Walton's  Anglers,  Spenser,  Green, 
and  Marlow,  together  with  a  perfect  first -folio  Shakspere,  1623. 
Many  of  his  books  are  in  fine  bindings,  by  Bedford,  Eoger  Paine,  Ke- 
viere  Matthews,  and  other  noted  binders.  The  collection  of  L.  Z. 
Leiter  is  large,  valuable,  and  made  up  largely  of  Americana  and  spec- 
imens of  Elizabethan  literature.  John  A.  Eice  once  had  what  was 
claimed  to  be  the  largest  collection  of  Americana  in  the  United  States. 
He  is  now  at  work  on  a  library  which  is  intended  to  be  a  very  fine  one. 
D.  W.  Irwin  has  a  fine  collection,  which  also  includes  a  fine  set  of  Dib- 
dens.  Mark  Skinner  has  a  large  collection  of  rare  American  historical 
•works.  Henry  Willing  has  au  excellent  collection  of  English  litera- 
15 


226  MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

ture  and  illustrated  works.  James  B.  Kunnion  has  one  of  the  finest 
collections  of  plays  in  the  country,  to  which  he  is  constantly  adding. 
There  are  many  other  private  libraries  in  the  city,  quite  a  number  of 
which  contain  rare  and  valuable  books.  The  collections  here  given 
represent  a  cash  value  of  fully  a  half  million  of  dollars. 

Other  Libraries,  of  both  a  general  and  special  character,  are  numer- 
ous. Several  of  the  public  schools,  and  nearly  all  the  private  educa- 
tional institutions  (see  chapter  on  "  Educational  Institutions")  of  impor- 
tance, have  good  libraries— no  I  ably  the  University  of  Chicago,  the 
Northwestern  University,  St.  Ignatius  College,  Allen  Academy,  the 
medical  colleges,  the  theological  seminaries,  and  many  Sunday  schools, 
churches  and  church  societies,  and  charitable  institutions,  as  well  as 
various  scientific,  social  and  religious  organizations.  Some  of  these, 
owing  to  their  special  character,  are  quite  valuable.  Among  the  lead- 
ing libraries  not  already  specially  referred  to  in  this  chapter,  are  those 
of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences,  1,000  volumes  and  1,500  pam- 
phlets ;  Dearborn  Observatory,  1,000  volumes  ;  Chicago  Medical  Press 
Association,  188  Clark  Street;  State  Microscopical  Society;  American 
Electrical  Society — library  at  Chicago  Manual  Training  School;  Svea 
Society  (Swedish),  1,600  volumes;  Plattsdeuchen  Verein,  Low  Dutch  ; 
Chicago  Turngemeinde,  3,000  volumes,  mostly  German  ;  Irish-Amer- 
ican Club ;  Dania  Society.  The  Art  Institute  has  recently  begun  the 
collection  of  works  on  art.  The  society  for  the  Home  Teaching  of  the 
Blind,  No.  10  Arcade  Court,  has  300  volumes  in  raised  letters.  The 
Board  of  Trade  has  a  library  of  300  volumes  ;  the  Young  Men's  Hebrew 
Society,  3,000  volumes ;  the  College  of  Pharmacy,  5,000  volumes. 


s  ant)  - 

THE  ART  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTIONS,   AND  THE  PRIVATE 
ART  COLLECTIONS. 

'T>HE  aspirations  as  well  as  the  progress  of  Chicago  in  the  higher 
J-  Avalks  of  culture  are  well  illustrated  in  the  numerous  organizations 
which  may  be  considered  schools  of  art  and  science.  And  the  archi- 
tectural splendor  of  many  of  her  buildings,  the  scenery  of  her  parks 
and  boulevards,  her  high  standard  of  musical  effort,  and  her  liberal 
patronage  of  all  that  is  improving  and  elevating,  are  among  the  many 
tangible  results  of  cultivation  in  these  lines. 

The  Art  Institute,  formerly  known  as  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts,  was  incorporated  May  29,  1879,  and  is  now  located  in  a  hand- 
some brick  building  at  the  corner  of  Michigan  Avenue  and  Van  Buren 
Street — the  property  of  the  association.  Nearly  all  the  art  societies  iu 
the  city  occupy  rooms  in  the  building,  or  in  some  way  make  it  their 
headquarters.  It  may,  in  fact,  be  termed  the  home  of  art  in  Chicago. 
The  land,  54X170  feet,  with  the  building  originally  upon  it,  cost  $45,- 
000,  but  an  addition  was  built  to  the  Van  Buren  Street  front  at  a  cost  of 
$22,000.  The  objects  are  to  maintain  schools  of  art  and  design,  form 
art  collections,  and  generally  to  promote  art  culture.  The  members 
are  of  two  classes,  viz  :  Governing  and  Annual.  Upon  the  first  named 
class,  numbering  at  present  104,  devolves  the  general  management 
of  the  affairs  of  the  institute.  They  pay  an  initiation  fee  of  $100  and 
annual  dues  of  $10.  The  annual  members,  numbering  over  300,  are 
entitled  to  all  the  privileges  of  the  institute  except  the  right  to 
vote  and  to  fill  the  office  of  trustee.  The  institute  has  a  bonded  debt 
of  $60,000  amply  secured  by  mortgage  on  real  estate.  Annual  loan 
exhibitions  of  paintings,  statuary,  bric-a-brac,  etc.,  are  given,  and  the 
galleries,  filled  with  loan  objects  of  various  kinds,  are  kept  open 
throughout  the  year.  In  1883  there  were  about  15,000  visitors  to  the 
exhibitions.  The  only  acquisitions  thus  far  made  toward  a  perma- 
nent collection  are  two  paintings  —  "  The  Beheading  of  John  the  Bap- 
tist,"by  Charles  Sprague  Pearce,  and  "  Les  Amateurs,"  by  T.  Alexander 
Harrison.  A  leading  feature  of  the  institute  is  the  School  of  In- 

229 


230 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


struction,  which  has  now  been  in  operation  for  five  years  and  which 
will  compare  favorably  with  any  similar  school  in  the  country.  It  has 
been  self-supporting  for  two  years.  The  receipts  for  the  year  1883 
were  $6,588 ;  expenditures,  $6,539.  The  classes  are  divided  into  COS- 


ART  INSTITUTE,  MICHIGAN  AVENUE  AND  VAN  BUREN  STREET. 

tume  Model,  Nude  Life,  Painting  from  Still  Life,  Water  Color,  Drawing 
from  the  Flat  and  Cast,  Composition.  Perspective.  Artistic  Anatomy, 
Saturday  Sketching,  Evening  Life,  Evening  Antique.  The  fall  term  in- 
cludes the  time  between  October  1  and  December  22  ;  the  winter  term 
from  January  2  to  March  22 ;  and  the  spring  term  from  March  31 
to  June  21.  A  matriculation  fee  of  $2  is  required,  which  is  applied  to 
the  purchase  of  books  for  the  library  open  to  all  students.  For  a  full 
term,  every  day  each  week,  the  fee  is  $25.  Evening  Life  Class,  $10 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  231 

per  term,  or  $4  per  month  ;  Evening  Antique  Class,  $0  per  term,  or  $3 
per  month  ;  Children's  Class,  $10  per  term  of  two  days  a  week,  or  $6 
for  one  day.  At  the  close  of  each  term  an  exhibition  of  students' 
work  is  held,  and  prizes  are  awarded  at  the  close  of  the  school  year. 
C.  L.  Hutchinson,  president ;  Edson  Keith,  vice-president ;  L.  J.  Gage, 
treasurer  ;  N.  H.  Carpenter,  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Society  of  Decorative  Art  occupies  rooms  in  the  Art 
Institute.  In  its  sales  -rooms  are  displayed  collections  of  works  of  art 
appropriate  for  decorative  purposes.  The  working  department  of  the 
society  is  in  rooms  especially  arranged  for  the  purpose.  The  society 
was  organized  May  24,  1877,  its  objects  being  to  create  a  desire  for 
artistic  decoration  and  for  the  best  methods  of  ornamentation ;  to  pro- 
vide training  in  artistic  industries  and  enable  decorative  artists  to  ren- 
der their  labors  remunerative.  Any  person  may  become  a  member  by 
the  annual  payment  of  $5.  There  are  now  about  200  members.  The 
society  maintains  classes,  and  gives  private  lessons  in  embroidery. 
Pupils  are  admitted  free  for  two  months,  when  there  is  a  demand  for 
additional  assistance  to  do  the  work.  Exhibitions  are  held  annually. 
The  society  also  receives  consignments  from  abroad,  which  are  dis- 
played for  sale  in  the  sales-rooms.  Mrs.  John  N.  Jewitt  is  president ; 
Mrs.  Clinton  Locke  is  recording  secretary ;  Mrs.  McGuire,  correspond- 
ing secretary  ;  Mrs.  John  A.  Yale,  treasurer. 

The  Chicago  Art  League  occupies  rooms  in  the  building  of  the  Art 
Institute.  It  was  organized  in  March,  1879,  its  objects  being  to  benefit 
the  artists  of  Chicago,  and  to  furnish  a  meeting  place  for  the  general 
discussion  of  art  by  its  members.  There  are  now  twenty  members,  all 
young  professional  artists.  Candidates  for  membership  must  submit  a 
study  in  color,  from  nature.  The  initiation  fee  is  $5,  and  the  monthly 
dues  fifty  cents.  Annual  exhibitions  are  given  in  the  galleries  of  the 
Art  Institute.  J.  H.  Vanderpoel  is  president ;  S.  Wilder,  secretary ; 
J.  L.  Schlanders,  treasurer. 

The  Bohemian  Art  Club  was  organized  in  1880,  and  occupies  rooms 
in  the  building  of  the  Art  Institute.  It  aims  to  promote  mutual  im- 
provement and  good  feeling  among  local  artists.  Its  members  consist 
of  ladies  only.  Candidates  for  membership  are  required  to  submit  an 
original  drawing  or  sketch  from  nature.  The  initiation  fee  is  $3.  At 
present  there  are  twenty-three  active  and  three  honorary  members. 
Annual  exhibitions  are  held  in  the  galleries  of  the  Art  Institute.  Mrs. 
Theo.  Shaw  is  president ;  Miss  Emma  L.  Trip,  treasurer ;  Miss  Eva 
Webster,  secretary. 


232  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OP  CHICAGO. 

The  Chicago  Pottery  Club  consists  of  twenty  ladies  interested  in 
ceramic  art.  It  was  organized  Feb.  27,  1883,  and  incorporated  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $2,000.  A  cottage  at  No.  795  West  Congress  Street 
was  leased,  two  kilns  were  erected  and  an  efficient  potter  was  employed. 
Kecently  the  club  sold  the  kilns  and  rented  the  property  to  Mr.  Joseph 
Bailey,  who  now  executes  the  work  of  the  members.  There  is  also  a 
studio  at  the  pottery,  conducted  by  Mrs.  V.  B.  Jenkins,  where  pupils 
are  received  and  given  instruction.  Annual  receptions  of  the  club  are 
held  at  the  Art  Institute.  Mrs.  Philo  King  is  president ;  Mrs.  V.  B. 
Jenkins,  treasurer ;  Mrs.  John  B.  Jeffrey,  secretary. 

The  Illinois  Art  Association  was  incorporated  Sept.  15,  1882,  for 
the  purpose  of  collecting,  exhibiting  and  distributing  works  of  art.  It 
has  about  100  members,  and  a  capital  stock  of  $25.000.  It  hi  Ids 
annual  exhibitions  in  November,  and  has  also  held  one  black-and-white 
exhibition.  The  association  owns  about  twenty  fine  paintings  by  local 
and  foreign  artists,  valued  at  about  $12,000.  The  principal  pictures  • 
are  two  hunting  scenes  by  Philip  Wormermann  ;  a  portrait  by  Gilbert 
Stuart ;  a  large  painting  by  A.  Achilles  Glesenti.  said  to  be  his  most 
important  work;  and  "Disputed  Property,"  by  L.  C.  Earle.  It  occu- 
pies rooms  in  the  Illinois  Club  building  at  No.  154  South  Ashland  Ave- 
nue. The  exhibitions  and  collections  are  open  only  to  members  of  the 
association  and  invited  guests.  Jos.  M.  Eogers  is  president,  and  S.  P. 
McConnell,  secretary. 

Art  Collections  of  considerable  interest  and  value  are  owned  by  a 
number  of  citizens,  some  of  them  consisting  only  of  pictures,  while 
others  include  statuary.  Among  the  fortunate  possessors  of  such  col- 
lections are  :  L.  Z.  Leiter,  N.  Q.  Pope,  Henry  Field,  J.  Kussell  Jones, 
Marshall  Field,  Samuel  Nickerson,  Geo.  M.  Pullman,  Charles  M.  Hen- 
derson, Mrs.  W.  H.  Stickney,  E.  B.  "Washburn,  McGregor  Adams, 
Geo.  A.  Armour,  Phil.  Armour,  E.  G.  Asay. 

The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences  occupies  a  five-story  brick  build- 
ing in  the  rear  of  buildings  at  263  and  265  Wabash  Avenue,  the  entrance 
to  its  rooms  being  through  a  long  hallway  opening  on  the  avenue.  It 
has  a  library  of  over  2,000  volumes,  reading  rooms,  and  a  museum 
exhibiting  a  cramped  display  of  about  30,000  specimens  of  living  and 
extinct  species,  minerals,  etc.,  besides  a  large  variety  of  interesting  and 
valuable  material  that  cannot  be  shown  for  want  of  room.  The  insti- 
tution was  founded  in  1857,  and  incorporated  in  1859.  Its  first  im- 
portant collection  was  a  large  number  of  specimens  gathered  by  Mr. 


MARQUIS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  233 

Kobert  Kennicott,  in  an  expedition  to  the  Arctic  regions.  Mr.  Kenni- 
cott  was  made  the  first  director  of  the  museum,  but  died  on  an  expedi- 
tion to  Alaska,  and  Dr.  Stimson,  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  was 
appointed  to  his  place,  bringing  with  him  a  fine  collection  of  inverte- 
brates taken  by  himself  in  Japanese  waters.  These  and  many  other 
valuable  collections  Avere  destroyed  by  the  fire  of  1871,  including  the 
Smithsonian  collection  of  Crustacea,  said  to  have  been  the  finest  in  the 
world.  Dr.  Edmund  Andrews,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  is  president. 

Dearborn  Observatory  originated  in  a  movement  inaugurated  in  the 
winter  of  1862,  by  gentlemen  connected  with  the  Chicago  University, 
to  establish  an  astronomical  observatory  in  this  city.  Subscriptions  were 
secured  and  a  telescope,  at  that  time  the  largest  refractor  in  the  world, 
was  purchased  in  January,  1863,  from  Alvin  Clark,  the  noted  lens  manu- 
facturer of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  for  $11,187  for  the  glass  and  $7,000  for 
the  mounting.  The  instrument  has  an  aperture  of  18%  inches  and  a 
focal  length  of  twenty-three  feet.  The  subscribers  to  the  fund  organ- 
ized in  November,  1863,  as  the  Chicago  Astronomical  Society,  with 
Hon.  J.  Y.  Scammon  as  president.  The  telescope  was  mounted  and 
ready  for  use  in  April,  1866.  The  tower  is  ninety  feet  high,  and  the 
center  of  the  telescope  about  685  feet  above  sea  level,  in  40°  50'  1" 
north  latitude,  and  10°  33'  40.4"  west  longitude  from  the  Washington 
meridian.  There  is  also  a  transit  telescope  near  the  tower,  the  axis  of 
which  is  612|  feet  above  sea  level.  The  tower  is  located  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Chicago  University  buildings.  Prof.  Truman  H.  Safford,  of 
Harvard  Observatory,  was  the  first  director  of  Dearborn  Observatory.  In 
1868  a  meridian  circle  was  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $5,000.  In  1874 
Elias  Colbert  was  chosen  director.  In  June,  1875,  the  Astronomical 
Society  was  reorganized,  and  in  May,  1879,  the  present  director,  Prof. 
G.  W.  Hough,  of  Dudley  University,  N.  Y.,  was  appointed.  The  equip- 
ment and  work  of  this  observatory  has  caused  it  to  rank  among  the 
leading  observatories  of  the  world.  In  the  spring  of  1882,  Mr.  Scam- 
mon resigned  his  presidency  of  the  astronomical  society,  after  occupy- 
ing that  position  for  nearly  twenty  years.  Dr.  Hosmer  A.  Johnson  was 
elected  to  the  vacancy.  C.  H.  S.  Mixer  is  secretary. 

The  Philosophical  Society  was  organized  Oct.  12,  1873,  and  owes 
its  existence  largely  to  the  efforts  of  Kev.  H.  W.  Thomas,  D.  D.  The 
object  is  to  foster  a  love  of  philosophy  and  the  discussion  of  its  princi- 
ples. There  are  about  200  members,  of  both  sexes.  Kegular  meetings 
are  held  at  Apollo  Hall  every  Saturday  evening.  At  these  meetings 
papers  are  read  and  discussed,  the  subjects  being  limited  to  Natural 


234  MARQUIS1  HAXD-BOOK  OP  CHICAGO. 

Science,  Speculative  Philosophy,  Current  History,  Moral  Philosophy 
and  Social  Science.  Sidney  Thomas  is  president ;  E.  T.Cahill,  secretary. 

The  Illinois  Social  Science  Association  occupies  Room  35,  No.  99 
Washington  Street.  It  was  organized  in  October,  1877,  for  the  dis- 
cussion and  treatment  of  all  questions  pertaining  to  social  science, 
including  philanthropy,  domestic  economy,  woman  suffrage  and  the 
improvement  of  the  condition  of  humanity.  The  active  membership  is 
composed  entirely  of  women,  men  being  admitted  only  as  associate 
members.  Regular  meetings  are  held  monthly,  from  September  to 
May,  at  the  club  rooms  of  the  Sherman  House.  The  annual  meeting 
partakes  of  the  character  of  a  convention,  and  generally  continues 
for  several  days.  Mrs.  Helen  E.  Starrett,  is  president. 

The  State  Microscopical  Society  meets  at  the  rooms  of  the  Academy 
of  Sciences.  It  was  organized  in  1868  under  the  name  of  "  The  Chi- 
cago Microscopical  Society."  In  March  of  the  following  year  the  name 
was  changed  to  its  present  form,  and  the  society  incorporated.  Its 
purpose  is  to  encourage  and  assist  microscopical  investigation.  A  val- 
uable library  and  an  excellent  instrument  are  owned  by  the  association. 

The  Chicago  Electrical  Society  was  formerly  a  branch  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  but  became  an  independent  society  in  1875.  Its  aim 
is  to  keep  pace  with  the  improvements  and  discoveries  made  in  elec- 
tricity and  electrical  science.  There  are  about  125  members.  Meet- 
ings are  held  monthly  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel.  W.  R.  Patterson, 
10  Winchester  Avenue,  is  secretary. 

The  American  Electrical  Association  was  organized  in  1877  as  a 
national  society  for  the  encouragement  of  electrical  improvements  and 
discoveries.  No  meeting  has  been  held  for  several  years,  but  the  organ- 
ization is  still  alive.  It  has  a  small  library  of  scientific  books.  C.  H. 
Wilson,  Pullman  Building,  is  librarian. 

The  Western  Society  of  Engineers  was  organized  May  1,  1869. 
The  object  is  the  advancement  of  the  members  in  the  science  of  engi- 
neering, and  the  promotion  of  the  interests  of  the  profession  generally. 
There  are  semi-monthly  meetings  in  Room  20,  American  Express  Com- 
pany's building,  for  the  reading  of  scientific  papers,  and  discussions. 

The  Chicago  Numismatic  and  Archaeological  Society  was  formed 
for  the  promotion  of  antiquarian  research  through  the  coinage  and 
other  historical  vestiges  of  the  past.  It  was  organized  in  1879,  and 
now  has  thirty-five  members.  It  has  a  nicely  furnished  room  at  No. 
91  Dearborn  Street,  where  regular  monthly  meetings  are  held.  S.  H. 
Kerfoot  is  president. 


of 


THE  THEATEES,  PUBLIC  HALLS,  MUSEUMS  AND  OTHEE 
PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT. 

/""'HICAGO  occupies  a  position  as  a  patron  of  dramatic  and  musical 
^  —  art,  second  to  no  city  on  the  continejit.  The  first  artists  of  the 
world  regard  Chicago  as  a  center  which  is  sure  to  reward  true  art  lav- 
ishly, and  no  great  artist  who  visits  this  continent  ever  dreams  of  leav- 
ing this  city  out  of  the  line  of  engagements.  Irving  found  it  worth 
his  while  to  alter  his  original  plans,  and  give  the  city  a  second  visit. 
Patti,  Gerster,  Hauck,  Materna,  Lucca,  Eubenstein,  Gottschalk,  Ole 
Bull,  Nilsson,  Bernhardt,  Eossi,  Sembrich,  Albani,  Salvini,  Eachel, 
Janauschek,  Brignoli,  and  scores  of  other  great  operatic  and  dramatic 
stars  have  shone  in  the  firmament  of  the  Garden  City,  and  have  never 
found  their  rays  dimmed  in  the  quality  of  its  atmosphere.  The  first 
attempt  at  anything  like  permanent  theatrical  entertainment  was  in 
1846.  The  well-known  John  B.  Eice,  who  came  to  Chicago  about  that 
period,  established  the  first  regular  theater  in  a  small  building  which 
he  erected  on  Eandolph,  between  Dearborn  and  State  Streets  for  the 
purpose.  The  first  opera  given  in  Chicago  was  in  1800,  in  McVicker's 
Theater,  by  Strakosch,  who  brought  out  Brignoli  and  Patti.  The  next 
year  J.  Grau  brought  out  an  opera  company,  which  filled  a  three  week's 
successful  engagement  in  this  city.  From  that  time  to  the  present, 
Chicago  has  been  an  operatic  center.  In  the  winter  of  1883-84,  two 
of  the  greatest  opera  combinations  in  the  world  were  here  at  the  same 
time,  and  both  received  most  liberal  patronage. 

McVicker's  was  the  second  theater  erected  in  Chicago,  but  really 
marks  the  beginning  of  the  permanent  drama  in  this  city.  McVicker, 
who  had  already  become  a  star  in  two  continents  as  a  comedian  when 
he  made  his  venture  as  a  manager  in  Chicago,  erected  his  first  theater 
on  the  site  of  the  present  one,  at  a  cost  of  $83,000.  It  was  known  for 
a  time  as  "McVicker's  New  Chicago  Theater,"  but  soon  assumed  the 
name  which  it  now  bears.  It  was  opened  on  the  night  of  Nov,  5,  1857, 
with  the  "Honeymoon"  as  the  leading  piece,  and  the  farce  of  the 
"Eough  Diamond"  in  conclusion.  In  1864  it  was  reconstructed  at  an 

235 


236  MARQVIS'  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO. 

additional  cost  of  $25,000.  The  season  of  1871  closed  May  27,  when 
it  was  again  reconstructed  at  a  cost  of  $93,000,  and  was  opened  on  the 
night  of  August  20th,  with  the  comedy  of  "Extremes."  Within  less 
than  two  months  it  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire,  but  nine  months  later 
the  present  building  stood  on  the  ruins  of  the  old  one.  It  was  at  that 
time  the  largest  building  which  had  been  erected  after  the  fire,  and  was 
opened  with  Douglas  Jerrold's  play  bearing  the  significant  title,  "Time 
Works  Wonders."  McVicker's  was  remodeled  in  1886  at  acost  of  $1 45,- 
000,  making  the  total  cost  of  the  theatre  $538,000.  It  covers  82  X 
190  feet  of  ground  and  is  surrounded  on  both  sides  and  in  the  rear  with 
wide  alleys,  and  iron  stairways  lead  to  the  ground  from  every  part  of 
the  auditorium,  thus  securing  the  best  possible  means  of  exit.  The 
theatre  is  lighted  throughout  with  incandescent  electric  lights,  and  the 
interior  decorations  are  unique  and  beautiful.  The  auditorium  seats 
800,  the  balcony  461,  and  the  gallery  500.  There  are  twelve  private 
boxes.  "McVicker's"  has  always  been  a  first-class  theatre,  and  nearly 
all  the  great  lights  of  the  profession  who  have  appeared  on  the  Ameri- 
can stage  have  played  to  appreciative  throngs  in  its  spacious  audito- 
rium. Mr*.  J.  H.  McVicker  has  been  the  proprietor  and  manager  from 
the  foundation  of  the  enterprise,  in  the  fall  of  1857.'  McVicker's  is  on 
Madison  Street,  between  State  and  Dearborn. 

The  Academy  of  Music  is  a  popular  West  Side  theatre,  located  on 
Halsted,  near  Madison  Street.  It  was  built  by  Wm.  B.  Clapp,  in  1871, 
and  has  survived  a  series  of  mishaps  that  threatened  to  summarily  end 
its  career — having  once  been  burned  to  the  ground.  It  was  for  a  con- 
siderable time  simply  a  variety  theatre,  but  since  1880  it  has  presented 
a  higher  grade  of  performances  and  maintained  a  higher  standing 
among  the  people.  Many  of  the  best  combinations  presenting  light 
comedy  attractions  noAV  include  the  Academy  in  their  routes.  Exten- 
sive intei-ior  improvements  to  the  building  were  made  during  the  sum- 
mer of  1884,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  best  furnished  theatres  in  the 
city.  The  parquet  and  balcony  have  a  seating  capacity  of  1,800. 
There  are  four  private  boxes.  The  stage  is  34  feet  wide  and  38  feet 
deep.  Wm.  Emmett  was  succeeded  by  Daniel  Shelby,  the  present 
lessee  and  manager,  in  1881 . 

The  Standard,  Halsted  and  Jackson  streets,  was  built  in  1883,  and 
opened  December  31  by  the  Fay  Templeton  Opera  Company.  It  is  a 
first-class  play-house  in  every  respect  and  is  remarkable  for  the  ele- 
gance and  taste  with  which  the  interior  is  finished.  It  has  a  double 
balcony,  parquet  circle,  orchestra  and  proscenium  chairs  and  ten  private 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO. 


237 


boxes.    The  stage  opening  is  36  feet,  and  its  depth  36.    Sixteen  exits 

provide  for  the  speedy  exit  of  the  audience. 

The  Columbia  (formerly  Haverly's  Theatre),  108  East  Monroe  Street, 

was  opened  on  the  evening  of  June  12,  just  ninety  days  from  the  time 

ground  was  broken  for  its  construction.     The  opening  piece  was  Shak- 

spere's  "  Twelfth  Night,"  by  Rob- 
son  and  Crane,  who  played  res- 
pectively Sir  Andrew  Aguecheek 
and  Sir  Toby  Belch.  It  has  always 
been  a  first-class  play-house,  only 
the  higher  grade  of  performances 
being  permitted,  and  its  stage  has 
been  occupied  by  many  leading 
stars  of  both  sexes.  Henry  Irving 
and  his  English  troupe  filled  a 
three- weeks'  engagement  here 
while  on  their  American  tour.  It 
is  the  largest  theater  in  Chicago, 
and  the  extensive  improvements 
made  during  the  summer  of  1884 
make  it  one  of  the  most  attractive 
places  of  amusement  in  the  coun- 
try. Its  seating  capacity  is  over 
2,500.  The  parquet  and  dress  cir- 
cle are  furnished  with  683  opera 
chairs;  the  balcony  has  614 seats, 
and  the  gallery  will  seat  1 ,200  per- 
sons. There  are  twenty-one  pri- 
vate boxes,  each  of  which  will  ac- 

HAVERLY  THEATRE,   MONROE  STREET.  COmmodate     four      persons.        The 

walls  of  the  auditorium  present  some  exquisite  specimens  of  the  painter's 
art.  The  entrance  is  through  a  spacious  and  elegantly  decorated  hallway, 
twenty-three  feet  in  width,  leading  to  the  foyer  and  art  galleries.  The 
walls  and  ceiling  of  the  hallway  are  covered  with  bronzed  papier-mache 
of  a  unique  and  original  design,  with  wainscot  of  tile  and  mosaic  work, 
and  panels  of  tiling  on  walls  and  wainscot  illustrate  scenes  from  Shak- 
spere.  The  fine-art  gallery  and  reception  rooms  are  elaborately  fin- 
ished and  furnished.  The  walls  and  ceiling  are  finished  in  papier- 
mache  similar  to  the  main  entrance.  They  contain  over  thirty  oil  paint- 
ings of  the  modern  school,  and  other  works  of  art  including  several 


238 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


pieces  of  statuary.  The  theater  is  well  provided  Avith  exits  and  fire 
escapes,  and  is  lighted  throughout  by  the  Edison  incandescent  electric 
light.  Haverly  Theater  (formerly  Haverly's  Theater)  had  a  predeces- 
sor located  within  the  walls  of  the  oldpost-offi.  e  which  were  left  stand- 
ing after  the  fire  of  1871.  The  interior  was  rebuilt  and  the  structure 
transformed  into  the  Adelphi  Theater,  by  W.  W.  Cole.  In  1877  it  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  well-knoAvn  manager  J. 
H.  Haverly.  who  changed  the  name  to  Haverly's 
Theater.  The  building  \vas  torn  down  in  1881 
and  the  name  was  transferred  to  the  new  thea- 
ter, of  which  Mr.  Haverly  was  also  proprietor 
and  manager  Jan.  1,  1884,  when  C.  H.  Mc- 
Connell  leased  the  theater  and  took  charge. 
The  Columbia  Theatsr  Co.  succeeded  in  Feb., 
1885;  J.  M.  Hill  is  president,  and  manager  of 
the  theater;  J.  S.  McConnell  is  treasurer  and 
acting  manager. 

Hooley's  Theater,  on  Kandolph  Street  op- 
posite the  new  City  Hall,  wa3  built  imme- 
diately after  the  great  fire,  and  was  opened 
to  the  public  Oct.  9, 1872,  just  one  year  from 
the  date  of  that  event.  The  opening  play 
was  Kiralfy  Brothers'  spectacular  burlesque, 
entitled  "Enchantment."  The  theater  run 
four  seasons  with  an  excellent  stock  com- 
pany, but  it  has  since  been  managed  on  the 
combination  sj'stem,  which  has  held  almost 
undisputed  possession  of  the  American  stage 
for  more  than  a  decade.  The  entrance  is 
through  a  hallway  eighteen  feet  wide  and  sev- 
enty feet  long.  The  box  office  is  situated  on  the 
west  side  of  the  hall,  and  further  in,  on  the 
same  side,  is  the  stairway  leading  to  the  bal- 
cony and  gallery.  The  house  will  comfortably  seat  1,412  people.  The 
stage  is  65X42  feet,  the  opening  between  the  proscenium  boxes  being 
thirty-two  feet  and  extending  back  to  a  depth  of  thirty  feet.  The  pro- 
scenium is  almost  entirely  of  cast  iron,  and  consequently  fire -proof. 
There  are  twelve  private  boxes.  The  exits  are  spacious  and  easy,  the 
interior  arrangements  comfortable  and  convenient,  and  the  decorations 
handsome  and  appropriate.  From  the  first  Hooley's  took  high  rank  in 


HOOLEY'S  THEATER. 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


239 


popular  favor  as  a  place  of  amusement,  and  has  since  steadily  main- 
tained its  standing.  Originally  intended  for  a  first-class  comedy  thea- 
ter, it  has  always  been  more  or  less  devoted  to  that  line,  from  which  it 
early  became  popularly  known  as  "Hooley's  Parlor  Home  of  Comedy." 
But  the  heavier  comedies,  melodramas,  and  the  best  productions  of  the 
tragic  muse  have  been  presented  on  its  stage  by  such  brilliant  stars  of 
the  theatrical  firmament  as  Salvini,  Neilson,  Barrett,  McCullough, 
and  others.  Its  habitues  have  also  heard  Kellogg  and  other  leading 

representatives  of  the  English 
and  Italian  schools  of  opera. 
From  the  first  it  has  been  under 
the  management  of  its  present 
proprietor,  Richard  M.  Hooley, 
the  veteran  theatrical  manager. 
The  Grand  Opera  House,  87 
and  89  Clark  Street,  can  trace 
its  descent  through  a  series  of 
calamities  and  vicissitudes  of 
unusual  severity  and  most  un- 
common occurrence.  About 
1860  the  site  was  occupied  by 
Bryan  Hall,  which  for  many 
years  was  of  public  service  as  a 
place  for  lectures,  fairs,  con- 
certs, and  similar  uses.  Then 
it  was  transformed  into  Hoo- 
ley's Opera  House,  which  was 
destroyed  by  the  fire  of  1871. 
The  Hamlin  Brothers  erected 
on  the  site  of  the  old  hall  a 
great  billiard  palace,  which  became  world-renowned  under  the 
management  of  Tom  Foley.  In  1874,  its  owner  turned  it  into 
what  was  called  the  "Coliseum,"  in  which  there  was  a  garden,  fount- 
ains, resplendent  galleries,  and  a  band  of  music,  with  the  famous 
violinist,  Le  Clerque,  at  its  head.  As  the  work  of  development  went  on, 
a  stage  was  added,  and  performances  were  given  to  great  audiences. 
Then  the  senior  partner,  Mr.  John  A.  Hamlin,  took  the  matter  in  hand, 
remodeled  the  building  and  changed  the  Coliseum  into  "Hamlin's 
Theatre."  It  so  remained  until  1880>  when  it  developed  into  the  prea- 


GRAND  OPERA  HOUSE,  89  CLARK  STREET. 


240  MARQUIS'    HAND-BOOK    OF   CHICAGO. 

ent  structure,  known  as  "The  Grand  Opera  House,"  by  Avhich  term  it 
is  now  popularly  known.  It  was  opened  under  its  new  title  September  6, 
1880,  with  the  "Child  of  the  State, "by  the  Hoey  &  Hardy  combination, 
and  has  since  been  a  first-class  play-house  in  every  respect,  affording 
the  public  some  of  the  most  delightful  entertainments  given  in  modern 
Chicago.  It  has  presented  Salvini,  that  charming  French  actress; 
Khea,  Modjeska,  the  Boston  Ideal  Company,  and  many  other  attrac- 
tions in  which  the  finest  class  of  light  operas  have  been  a  conspicuous 
feature.  It  is  artistically  furnished  and  decorated,  and  is  Avell  vtnti- 
lated,  heated  and  lighted,  and  the  exits  are  numerous  and  ample.  Its 
seating  capacity  is  as  folloAvs:  Parquet,  600;  balcony,  400;  gallery, 
GOO.  John  A.  Hamlin  continues  in  successful  management  of  this 
interesting  place  of  amusement. 

The  Chicago  Opera  House  is  the  newest  and  the  largest  theatre  in 
the  city.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  2,300.  It  was  constructed  during 
the  early  part  of  1885,  and  was  opened  in  August  of  that  year.  It  is 
situated  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Clark  Streets,  the  most  cen- 
tral portion  of  the  city,  and  the  starting  point  of  nearly  all  the  street 
car  lines,  and  is  said  to  be  the  only  theatre  in  the  United  States,  except 
the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  in  New  York,  that  is  absolutely  fire- 
proof. Every  improvement  known  to  modern  theatrical  architecture 
has  been  utilized  to  the  fullest  effect.  The  .house  is  lighted  by  the 
Edison  incandescent  light  throughout,  over  1,000  lights  being  used  in 
the  theatre  and  upon  the  stage.  The  decoration  is  in  gold,  bronzes, 
crimsons,  buffs  and  blues,  so  artistically  blended  as  to  produce  the 
most  striking  effect.  The  stage  is  one  of  the  most  complete  in  the 
country.  It  has  a  depth  of  52  feet  and  a  height  of  70  feet;  this  enables 
the  management  to  produce  almost  any  kind  of  entertainment.  The 
working  machinery  of  the  stage  is  as  elaborate  and  perfect  as  are  the 
provisions  for  the  comfort  of  the  audience.  The  large,  comfortable  aud 
finely  furnished  dressing-rooms,  constructed  in  accordance  with  the 
auditorium,  are  entirely  fire-proof.  Within  one  year  this  theatre  has 
taken  a  leading  place  among  the  places  of  amusement  in  the  Northwest. 
Among  the  attractions  that  have  given  it  this  prestige  are:  Mary  An- 
derson, Edwin  Booth,  Mme.  Modjeska,  Mapleson's  Italian  Opera  Com- 
pany, Lawrence  Barrett,  Keene,  the  McCaull  Opera  Companies,  Duff 
Opera  Company,  Helen  Dauvray?s  Comedy  Company,  Clara  Morris, 
Kiralfy,  Robson  &  Crane,  and  other  leading  attractions.  The  lease  of 
the  theatre  is  held  by  the  firm  of  John  W.  Norton  <fc  Co.  for  ten  years, 
and  the  active  manager  is  Mr.  David  Henderson. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


24P 


Weber  Music  Hall,  corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Jackson  Street, 
has  a  seating  capacity  of  400,  and  is  a  favorite  place  for  readings  and 
musical  exercises,  etc. 

Central  Music  Hall,  corner  of  State  and  Bandolph  Streets,  is  the 


CENTRAL  Music  HALL,  STATE  AND  RANDOLPH  STS.  AOL 


finest  hall  in  Chicago.  The  building  is  seven  stories  in  height,  and 
covers  125x151  feet  of  ground.  It  is  of  stone  from  the  Lamont  quar- 
ries, and  the  portico  over  the  entrance  is  supported  by  massive  pillars 
of  polished  red  granite.  It  cost  $215, 000.  It  was  designed  by  Messrs. 
Adler  &  Sullivan,  architects,  who  supervised  its  erection,  introducing 
16 


242  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

into  the  construction  a  new  scientific  system  of  heating  and  venti- 
lation that  has  proven  eminently  successful.  There  are  twelve  estab- 
lishments devoted  to  trade  on  the  State  and  Eandolph  Street  fronts, 
and  the  building  also  contains  seventy  rooms  for  offices  and  a  small 
hall  known  as  Apollo  Hall.  Central  Music  Hall  was  designed  for  the 
higher  and  more  intellectual  class  of  entertainments,  such  as  classical 
concerts  and  lectures.  It  has  no  facilities  for  theatrical  or  operatic  pre- 
sentations. The  main  entrance  is  on  State  Street,  through  a  lofty  hall 
eighteen  feet  wide  by  sixty-five  feet  long.  The  auditorium  is  83X125 
feet  in  dimensions ;  is  arranged  with  parquet,  dress  circle,  and  up- 
per balcony,  all  richly  furnished,  and  has  twenty-five  private  boxes, 
being  capable  of  seating  about  2,000  persons.  It  is  also  supplied  with 
a  fine  double  organ,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $14,000.  The  stage,  which  is 
without  scenery  or  curtain,  is  33  X  50  feet.  There  are  numerous  easy 
exits.  The  hall  was  opened  on  the  evening  of  December  5,  1879, 
the  entertainment  being  a  colossal  concert  by  the  Apollo  Musical 
Club. 

Apollo  Hall  is  a  small  hall  in  Central  Music  Hall  Building.  It  is 
specially  adapted  t©  chamber  concerts,  rehearsals,  etc.,  and  contains 
400  seats.  Nicely  fitted  up  parlors  and  reception  rooms  are  attached. 

The  Exposition  Building  was  constructed  by  the  Inter- State  Expo- 
sition Company.  It  is  located  on  the  lake  front  at  the  foot  of  Adams 
Street,  is  240  feet  wide,  nearly  800  feet  long,  and  110  feet  high, 
surmounted  by  three  toAvers  with  ornamental  domes,  and  has  a 
broad  gallery  entirely  around  the  interior  of  the  building.  It  has  an 
arched  roof  of  glass  in  a  frame- work  of  iron,  which  is  the  largest  clear- 
span  roof  in  the  world.  It  was  opened  in  the  fall  of  1877,  Avith  the  first 
of  a  series  of  exhibitions  that  have  annually  attracted  thousands  of  vis- 
itors to  the  city.  It  has  since  been  the  scene  of  many  great  assemblages, 
such  as  gathered  at  the  May  Festivals,  and  the  grand  instrumental  con- 
certs given  by  Theodore  Thomas  ;  at  the  nomination  of  Garfield  and 
Arthur  by  the  Republican  national  convention  in  1880  ;  at  the  nomi- 
nation of  Elaine  and  Logan  by  the  same  party  in  June,  1884 ;  and 
two  weeks  later  at  the  nomination  of  Cleveland  and  Hendricks  by  the 
Democratic  national  convention. 

Farwell  Hall,  on  the  second  floor  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  As- 
sociation Building,  is  one  of  the  principal  halls  of  the  city.  It  was 
formerly  used  for  concerts  and  lectures,  but  it  is  now  devoted  mainly 
to  exercises  of  a  religious  character.  The  main  floor  and  gallery 
have  seating  capacity  for  about  1,800  persons. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  243 

The  Windsor  Theatre  is  a  new  venture  on  the  North  side,  located  on 
North  Clark,  near  Division  Street,  and  was  opened  September  15, 1886. 
Its  seating  capacity  is  about  1,500,  the  orchestra  containing  150  seats; 
parquet,  170;  orchestra  circle,  400;  balcony,  200;  gallery,  GOO.  There 
are  six  boxes  for  four  persons  each  on  the  first  floor,  two  in  the  balcony, 
and  twelve  large  boxes  with  a  seating  capacity  of  three  each.  The 
house  is  newly  fitted  up,  and  presents  an  attractive  appearance.  Only 
first-class  attractions  are  played.  P.  H.  Lehnan  is  the  proprietor,  and 
Bruno  Kennicott  is  manager  of  the  theatre. 

The  National  Theatre  is  a  small  frame  building  located  at  Nos.  26 
and  28  Clybourn  Avenue.  Seating  capacity,  1,000. 

Weber  Music  Hall,  corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Jackson  Street, 
has  a  seating  capacity  of  400,  and  is  a  favorite  place  for  readings  and 
musical  exercises,  etc. 

The  Lyceum  Theatre,  Desplaines,  near  Madison  Street,  has  recently 
been  rebuilt.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  for  1,100  persons.  Variety 
performances. 

The  People's,  formerly  a  variety  theatre,  is  now  devoted  to  legiti- 
mate dramas.  It  is  located  on  State  Street,  near  Harrison.  It  has  a 
main  floor  and  two  galleries,  seats  about  2,000,  and  was  opened  Sept. 
27,  1884. 

The  Olympic,  Clark  Street,  between  Kandolph  and  Lake,  is  a  popu- 
lar variety  theatre,  and  one  of  the  oldest  places  of  amusement  in  the 
city.  It  has  experienced  numerous  changes  in  name  and  management. 
Seats  1,100. 

The  Criterion  Theatre  was  first  opened  in  September,  1880.  It  is 
situated  on  the  corner  of  Sedgwick  and  Division  Streets,  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  1,600,  and  is  a  pleasant  place  of  amusement,  presenting 
only  the  legitimate  drama. 

Kohl  and  Middleton's  Museum  at  No.  150  South  Clark  Street  and 
No.  150  West  Madison  Street,  respectively,  are  places  of  cheap  enter- 
tainment, ten  cents  being  the  popular  price  of  admission  to  each. 
Each  contains  a  small  stage  for  variety  performances.  The  upper 
floors  are  devoted  to  museums  of  natural  curiosities  and  works  of 
ingenious  mechanism. 

The  Halsted  Street  Opera  House,  is  a  small  frame  building  on  the 
corner  of  Halsted  and  Harrison  Streets,  on  the  West  Side,  It  seats 
about  800  persons.  Miscellaneous  plays  and  variety  performances  are 
given  at  intervals. 

Madison  Street  Theater,  occupies  the  premises  at  85  E.  Madison 


244  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Street,  formerly  known  as  Hershey  Music  Hall.  A  good  class  of  attrac- 
tions are  presented. 

The  Casino  Theater  occupies  McCormick  Hall,  on  the  corner  of 
North  Clark  and  Kinzie  Streets.  It  is  encircled  by  a  gallery  and  seats 
about  2,500. 

Washington  Driving  Park  has  been  noted  in  connection  with  Wash- 
ington Park  Club  in  the  chapter  on  "The  Clubs  and  Societies,"  on 
page  146. 

The  Chicago  Driving  Park  lies  just  south  of  Madison  Street  and 
west  of  Garfield  Park.  It  was  until  recently  the  only  race  course  in 
the  city.  The  grounds  consist  of  eighty  acres,  held  under  lease,  on 
which  are  a  mile  track,  a  grand  stand  with  a  seating  capacity  of  15,000, 
public  and  pool  stands,  club  house,  stables,  grooms,  cottages,  etc.  The 
associa'.ion  was  organized  in  1881,  and  has  a  capital  stock  of  $100,000. 
There  are  400  members,  and  the  property  and  franchises  are  valued  at 
$200,000.  The  meetings  are  for  trotting  and  pacing  only,  and  the 
most  famous  trotting  stock  of  the  country  appears  on  this  track,  which 
is  regarded  as  very  favorable  for  speed.  The  stakes  and  purses  for  the 
season  of  1884  were  the  largest  ever  offered  in  America,  aggregating 
$280,000.  The  office  of  the  association  is  at  116  East  Monroe  Street. 

Central  Driving  Park  occupies,  as  tenant-at-Avill,  an  unused  portion 
of  Garfield  Park  grounds  lying  south  of  Madison  Street.  The  associa- 
tion was  formed  in  January,  1876,  for  social  driving  and  the  pleasure 
of  the  members  in  speeding  and  practicing  their  horses.  There  is  a 
mile  track  and  suitable  buildings  on  the  grounds.  Regular  "  matinees  " 
are  held  every  Saturday  during  seasonable  weather,  but  no  racing  for 
stakes  or  purses  is  allowed.  There  are  about  300  members,  and  non- 
members  are  allowed  to  purchase  season  tickets  admitting  them  to 
the  privileges  of  the  grounds.  W.  H.  Kane,  173  LaSalle  Street,  is 
secretary. 


THE   NEWSPAPERS   OF   THE   PAST   AND   PRESENT,  THEIR 
FOUNDERS   AND   EDITORS. 

THE  history  of  the  newspaper  press  of  Chicago,  although  compar- 
atively brief,  affords  interesting  and  instructive  study  to  any  one 
who  wishes  to  trace  the  development  of  journalistic  enterprise  into 
great  and  powerful  interests.  The  first  newspaper  published  in 
Chicago  was  The  Chicago  Democrat,  and  its  first  edition  was  issued 
Nov.  26,  1833.  The  village  had  become  an  incorporated  town,  and 
the  location  attracted  a  printer  named  John  Calhoun,  who  set  up  his 
press  at  the  corner  of  Lake  and  South  Water  Streets.  The  paper  was 
an  ardent  advocate  of  Jacksonian  democracy,  and  was  what  was  then 
known  as  "  imperial 7>  in  size— four  pages  of  six  columns  each.  It  had 
134  subscribers,  and  the  paying  advertisements  occupied  a  column  and 
a  half.  The  difference  between  this  business  exhibit  and  that  of  one 
of  the  great  daily  issues  of  to-day,  is  a  fair  measure  of  the  difference 
between  the  Chicago  of  1833  and  that  of  1884.  Just  three  years  from 
its  commencement  the  Democrat  passed  into  the  hands  of  John  Went- 
worth,  under  whose  direction  it  grew  in  influence  until  1840,  when  a 
daily  issue  was  commenced.  The  second  newspaper  was  the  Chicago 
American,  commenced  May  8,  1835,  by  T.  0.  Davis.  It  was  a  weekly 
s'x-column  paper,  Whig  in  politics.  In  April,  1839,  under  the  propri- 
etorship of  William  Stewart,  a  daily  edition  was  started — the  first  daily 
paper  published  in  Illinois — but  the  publication  ceased  in  October, 
1842.  The  Chicago  Commercial  Advertiser  was  started  in  October, 
1836,  and  ran  one  year.  The  weekly  Tribune  made  its  first  appear- 
ance in  1840,  with  Edward  G.  Ryan,  afterward  chief  justice  of  Wis- 
consin, as  editor,  but  it  was  removed  to  Milwaukee  about  a  year  later 
and  became  the  Milwaukee  Journal.  In  July,  1842,  the  Quid  Nunc, 
the  first  penny  paper  in  the  west,  began  an  existence  which  lasted 
through  thirty-seven  issues.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  the  Chicago 
Express  appeared  as  a  daily  afternoon  paper,  and  the  successor  of  the 
American,  but  lived  only  two  years,  when  it  was  purchased  by  a  stock 
company  and  the  name  changed  to  the  Evening  Journal.  This  and 

245 


246 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


the  next  twelve  years  witnessed  the  inauguration  of  many  newspaper 
enterprises  of  more  or  less  promise,  most  of  which  ';  died  and  left  no 
sign,"  except  the  one  over  the  office  door.  In  that  period  no  less  than 

fifty-six  of  these  unfortu- 
nate ventures  were  born, 
and  after  a  brief  struggle 
for  existence,  were  quietly 
laid  away  in  the  journalistic 
cemetery.  During  the  same 
time,  however,  the  most  ex- 
tensive of  the  great  news- 
paper establishments  of  this 
day  were  founded. 

The  Evening  Journal  is 
the  veteran  among  Chicago 
newspapers.  It  is  the  suc- 
cessor of  the  American,  the 
first  daily  paper  published 
in  the  city,  by  purchase  of  its 
successor,  the  Express,  the 
second  Chicago  daily,  in 
1844,  when  the  present 
title  was  assumed.  It  is 
distinctly  a  family  and  busi- 
ness-man's paper,  and  has 
always  enjoyed  great  confi- 
dence and  liberal  support 
of  the  best  class  of  readers. 
It  was  started,  as  a  Whig 
newspaper,  and  was  an  ar- 
dent supporter  of  Henry 
Clay  for  president,  but  early 
affiliated  with  the  Repub- 
lican party,  to  whose  prin- 
ciples it  has  ever  since  re- 
mained faithful.  The  pa- 

EVENING  JOURNAL  BUILDING,  DEARBORN  STREET.  per   gained    largely  in   pat- 

ronage during  the  war  and  became  a  very  valuable  property.  It  is 
issued  every  evening,  except  Sunday,  at  3  and  5  o'clock,  and  has  a 
weekly  edition.  The  paper  has  eight  pages  with  six  and  often  seven 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  247 

columns  to  the  page,  and  Saturdays  twelve  and  sixteen  pages.  It  sells 
for  two  cents  per  copy,  or  $6.00  per  annum.  The  weekly  is  issued 
Wednesday  for  .$1.00  a  year.  Since  the  change  in  form  and  reduction 
in  price,  the  circulation  has  increased  rapidly.  It  is  printed  on  two  of 
the  fastest  Bullock  perfecting  presses  and  is  issued  from  the  Journal 
Building,  Nos.  159  and  101  Dearborn  Street.  The  Journal  was  origi- 
nally owned  by  a  stock  company,  but  was  sold  to  Kichard  L.  Wilson, 
one  of  the  editors,  at  the  close  of  the  campaign  of  1844.  In  1849  the 
publishers  were  Eichard  L.  and  Charles  L.  Wilson.  Upon  the  death  of 
the  former  in  1856,  Charles  L.  Wilson  became  the  sole  owner,  and  con- 
tinued to  be  until  his  death,  in  1878.  His  estate  continued  its  pub- 
lication until  1881,  when  Andrew  Shuman,  its  editor  since  1861,  and 
John  K.  Wilson  leased  the  office.  The  establishment  was  destroyed  in 
the  great  fire  of  Oct.  9,  1871,  but  the  paper  appeared  the  same  after- 
noon, although  somewhat  diminished  in  size.  A  year  later  it  occupied 
the  present  handsome  and  commodious  building.  Here  it  was  again 
visited  by  fire  in  December,  1883,  but,  as  before,  brought  out  its  regu- 
lar issue  without  a  day's  interruption,  from  another  office.  The  owner- 
ship was  organized  as  a  stock  company  in  1883.  Mr.  Shuman  is  its 
editor.  Mr.  Wilson,  the  business  manager,  has  been  connected  with 
the  paper  since  Oct.  9,  1871.  W.  K.  Sullivan  has  been  its  city  editor 
since  1874.  The  Journal  has  always  maintained  its  reputation  as  a 
careful,  conservative  newspaper,  clean  and  trustworthy,  and  keeps  on 
"  in  the  even  tenor  of  its  way  "  staidly,  and  yet  keeping  up  with  the  spirit 
and  progress  of  the  times. 

The  Times  was  started  in  1854  as  a  Democratic  paper,  with  the 
special  purpose  of  serving  the  personal  and  political  fortunes  of  Sena- 
tor Douglas.  It  maintained  its  party  allegiance  until  3  868,  when  it 
took  an  independent  stand,  and  has  since  ranked  as  one  of  the  foremost 
expositors  of  independent  thought  in  the  northwest — with  a  tender 
recollection  of  its  previous  Democratic  associations.  It  was  a  war  Dem- 
ocratic paper  until  the  issuance  of  the  emancipation  proclamation, 
which  it  opposed  vigorously,  and  passed  through  some  very  exciting 
experiences  during  that  heated  period.  Its  publication  was  once  sus- 
pended by  order  of  Gen.  Burnside,  but  the  suspension  lasted  for  two 
days  only.  It  occupies  an  elegant  fire-proof  building  at  the  corner  of 
Washington  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  built  of  Michigan  sandstone,  at 
a  cost  of  over  $600.000.  It  is  80X183  feet,  five  stories,  and  is  me  of 
the  most  thoroughly  equipped  newspaper  establishments  in  the  country. 
It  has  six  Biillock  perfecting  presses,  each  of  which  has  a  capacity  for 


248  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

printing  and  folding,  with  cut  leaves,  10,000  sheets  per  hour,  or  an 
aggregate  of  t>0,000  per  hour.  A  handsome  busim-ss  office  occupies 
the  corner  room  of  the  first  floor.  The  editorial  rooms  and  the  com- 
posing rooms  are  on  the  fifth  floor.  Pneumatic  tubes  connect  the  office 
with  the  telegraph  office,  and  pneumatic  and  speaking  tubes  connect 
the  different  departments  of  the  paper.  The  force  of  compositors 
averages  about  115;  the  immediate  editorial,  reportoria!  and  clerical 
staff  about  fifty  ;  and  there  are  some  500  special  contributors  and  cor- 
respondents throughout  the  old  and  new  worlds.  The  Times  is  an 
eight  page  daily,  e  ght  columns  to  the  page,  but  frequently  appears 
with  a  supplement  of  two,  four,  eight  or  sixteen  pages.  It  also  has  a 
weekly  edition  of  eight  pages.  The  leading  feature  of  the  paper  is  the 
fullness  and  freshness  of  its  news  department,  and  it  is  fearless  in  its 
publication  of  everything  that  comes  under  the  head  of  news.  It  was 
this  policy,  inaugurated  by  Mr.  Wilbur  F.  Storey  immediately  upon  the 
purchase  of  the  paper  in  1861,  that  transformed  The  Times  from  a 
losing  concern  threatened  with  bankruptcy,  to  one  of  the  most  valuable 
newspaper  properties  in  the  country.  The  original  purchase  was  made 
by  Mr.  Storey.  A.  Worden  became  a  partner  in  the  concern  in  1862, 
was  succeeded  in  1865  by  Henry  B.  Chandler,  who  retired  in  INTO, 
leaving  Mr.  Stoiey  the  sole  owner.  The  office  was  on  Dearborn  Street 
between  Washington  and  Madison  in  1871,  and  was  destroyed  by  the 
great  fire.  A  temporary  wooden  structure  Avas  occupied  during  the 
erection  of  the  present  building.  Mr.  Storey's  health  finally  gave  way 
under  his  labors,  and  for  several  years  he  Avas  unable  to  give  the  paper 
any  attention,  and  in  August,  1884,  Austin  L.  Patterson,  for  many 
years  business  manager  of  the  Times,  was  appointed  conservator  of  Mr. 
Storey's  large  estate,  and  on  Oct.  27th  following,  Mr.  Storey  died. 
Chas.  E.  Dennett  is  managing  editor  of  The  Times,  and  Guy  Magee  is 
the  city  editor. 

The  Chicago  Tribune  is  the  leading  ^Republican  paper  of  the  north- 
west, and  is  not  only  a  power  in  its  party,  but  also  a  prominent  factor 
of  the  commercial  and  industrial  interests  of  the  country.  It  owns  and 
occupies  a  handsome  five-story  fire-proof  building,  of  Lake  Superior 
red  sandstone,  at  the  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Madison  Streets,  which 
was  built  at  a  cost  of  $200,000.  The  establishment  is  complete  in  all 
its  appointments.  In  the  basement  are  employed  five  Bullock  and 
Kahler  perfecting  presses,  with  Kahler  folding  and  cutting  machines 
attached,  having  a  capacity  of  60,000  sheets  per  hour.  The  business 
office,  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  city,  is  on  the  first  floor  ;  the  edi- 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


249 


torial  rooms  on  the  fourth,  and  the  spacious  composing  room  occupies 
all  of  the  fifth.  An  average  force  of  100  compositors  is  employed  ;  the 
editorial  and  reportorial  staff  usually  numbers  forty  men,  and  the  paid 


Illllllllllllililll 

TRIBUNE  BUILDING,  MADISON  AND  DEARBORN  STREETS. 

contributors  and  correspondents  located  at  all  important  points  are  sev- 
eral hundred  in  number.  It  pays  nearly  $100,000  per  annum  for  spe- 
cial telegraphic  reports.  The  paper  is  a  daily  seven-column  quarto,  but 


250  MARQUJS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

the  usual  issue  consists  of  twelve  pages,  the  Saturday  edition  of  sixteen, 
and  the  Sunday  of  twenty-four  pages.  The  Sunday  issue,  which  aver- 
ages ov0r  60,000,  is  resorted  to  voluminously  by  advertisers,  espe- 
cially in  its  "wants"  department,  a  fact  which  is  at  least  partially 
responsible  for  the  immense  size  of  the  Sunday  paper.  It  also  pub- 
lishes a  weekly  edition  of,  at  present,  90,000  copies.  It  was  started  in 
July,  1847,  as  a  Whig  paper  with  free-soil  tendencies,  and  in  a  few 
years,  after  passing  through  several  changes  of  firm  and  editorial  man- 
agement, it  came  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Joseph  Medill,  when  it 
entered  upon  a  career  of  prosperity  that  has  steadily  carried  it  up  to  its 
present  eminent  position  in  the  ranks  of  the  American  press.  July  1, 
1858,  it  was  consolidated  with  the  Democratic  Press,  that  paper  hav- 
ing come  to  the  position  of  the  Tribune  on  the  Kansas-Nebraska  ques- 
tion. For  a  year  or  two  it  carried  the  title  of  the  Press  prefixed  to  the 
Tribune,  when  the  prefix  was  dropped,  and  the  ownership  was  organized 
as  a  stock  company,  with  a  capital  of  $200,000  which  has  not  been 
changed.  During  the  war  it  was  a  staunch,  radical,  and  influential 
supporter  of  Lincoln's  administration,  and  no  agency  rendered  more 
effective  service  in  that  behalf  among  the  people  of  the  northwest. 
In  1871  its  fine  building,  erected  in  1808  at  a  cost  of  $175,000,  was 
ruined  by  the  great  fire,  and  the  present  structure  was  erected  on 
its  site.  The  Tribune  is  the  wealthiest  paper  in  the  city,  and  felt 
strong  enough  with  its  constituency  in  1880  to  make  a  powerful 
and  effective  fight  against  the  candidacy  of  Gen.  Grant  for  a  third 
term  in  the  Presidency.  It  has  had  a  number  of  prominent  men  con- 
nected with  it,  notably  Gen.  Wm.  Duane  Wilson,  Gen.  J.  D.  Webster, 
Dr.  C.  H.  Eay,  Horace  White,  Lieut.  Gov.  Wm.  Bross,  Alfred  Cowles 
and  the  Messrs.  Joseph  and  S.  J.  Medill.  Mr.  Joseph  Medill  and 
Messrs.  Cowles  and  Bross  have  been  with  the  paper  for  nearly  thirty 
years.  Joseph  Medill  is  editor-in-chief;  E.  W.  Patterson,  managing 
editor  ;  Alfred  Cowles,  business  manager ;  Fred.  Hall,  city  editor ;  E. 
Colbert,  commercial  editor. 

The  Inter  Ocean  is  the  stalwart  Eepublican  newspaper  of  the  north- 
west; and  ranks  among  the  leading  and  most  influential  journals  of  the 
country.  The  paper  was  started  March  25.  1872,  by  Hon.  J.  Y.  Scam- 
mon,  avowing  itself  in  the  first  issue,  "  Independent  in  nothing — Eepub- 
lican in  everything."  Its  efficient  service  in  the  second  Grant  campaign 
of  that  year  gave  it  a  standing  and  circulation  in  its  party  that  consti- 
tuted a  strong  foothold  from  which  to  achieve  public  favor.  Hon.  F. 
W.  Palmer  purchased  an  interest  and  became  editor-in-chief  in  the 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  251 

spring  of  1873  ;  but  the  great  panic,  and  the  depression  which  followed, 
financially  embarrassed  Mr.  Scainmon,  the  principal  owner,  and  in 
1875  the  paper  was  sold  to  a  new  corporation,  of  which  Wm.  Penii  Nixon 
was  the  principal  member.  Mr.  Nixon  had  been  business  manager  of 
the  paper  since  the  spring  of  1872  ;  he  now  became  general  manager 
as  well  as  responsible  editor,  controlling  every  department.  The  Inter 
Ocean  has  probably  gone  back  on  Mr.  Scammon's  famous  motto  about 
independence,  but  it  has  kept  in  good  standing  with  the  party  and 
improved  as  a  newspaper.  Since  its  change  of  proprietors  it  has  had 
an  increasingly  prosperous  career.  It  has  a  daily  edition  of  eight 
seven-column  pages,  with  frequent  supplements  of  four,  eight  or  six- 
teen pages,  and  issue;;  a  musical  supplement  of  several  pages  every 
Wednesday.  The  weekly  edition  has  eight  seven-column  pages,  and 
enjoys  probably  the  largest  circulation  of  any  similar  publication  in  the 
west,  ranging  from  100,000  to  120,000.  The  Inter  Ocean  occupies  a 
handsome  five-story  stone  front  building  at  85  Madison  Street.  It  is 
supplied  with  one  Scott  and  two  Bullock  perfecting  presses,  with 
machines  attached  to  fold,  paste  and  cut  the  paper,  Avhich  it  was  the 
first  to  use,  and  which  are  the  invention  of  Walter  Scott,  former  super- 
intendent of  its  machinery  department.  The  business  office  and  edito- 
rial and  composing  rooms  are  all  conveniently  arranged  and  connected. 
A  force  of  105  is  employed  in  the  composing  room,  the  immediate  staff 
—clerical,  editorial,  reportorial  and  others  employed  in  the  office, 
numbers  about  110  persons,  and  the  corps  of  special  correspondents 
about  350.  The  immediate  predecessor  of  the  Inter  Ocean  was  the 
Republican,  which  was  started  shortly  after  the  war.  Charles  A.  Dana, 
the  well-known  editor  of  the  New  York  Sun,  was  engaged  as  editor  and 
manager.  He  brought  a  numerous  staff,  and  the  publication  was  com- 
menced with  all  the  advantages  of  money,  brains  and  journalistic 
experience.  It  failed,  however,  and  after  the  return  of  Mr.  Dana  to 
the  east  the  paper  was  made  a  two-cent  sheet,  and  placed  in  the  hands 
of  J.  B.  McCullogh,  now  of  the  St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat.  In  1871 
the  great  fire  obliterated  the  establishment,  and  the  owners  refused  to 
proceed  further  with  it.  Mr.  Scammon  then  purchased  the  Associated 
Tress  franchise,  and  in  order  to  hold  it  continued  the  publication  until 
everything  Avas  ready  for  the  inauguration  of  the  Inter  Ocean.  Wm. 
Penn  Nixon  continues  general  manager,  and  Wm.  H.  Busby,  managing 
editor ;  J.  R.  Dunlop,  city  editor. 

The  Chicago  Daily  News  commenced  originally  as  a  penny  evening 
paper  without  the  associated  press  franchise,  and  has  made  a  conspic- 


252 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO. 


uous  success.  It  was  started  in  Dec.  20,  1875,  by  Melville  E.  Stone, 
Wm.  E.  Dougherty  and  Percy  Meggy ;  but  within  a  year  the  last  two 
sold  out  to  Mr.  Stone,  leaving  him  sole  proprietor.  During  the  same 
year  Victor  F.  Lawson  became  a  partner,  and  the  firm  became  Victor 


CHICAGO  DAILY  NEWS,  FIFTH  AVENUC. 

F.  Lawson  &  Co.  Jan.  1,  1883,  the  partnership  expired  by  limitation, 
and  the  ownership  was  reorganized  as  a  stock  company,  the  entire 
stock  being  and  remaining  the  property  of  Messrs.  Lawson  and  Stone. 
The  circulation  increased  with  great  rapidity  ;  from  15,000  in  187G  it 
grew  to  nearly  40,000  within  the  two  years  which  followed.  In  1881 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  253 

a  two-cent  morning  edition  was  started,  but  it  progressed  very  slowly 
until  it  was  admitted  into  the  "Western  Press  Association.  There  are 
now  four  editions  of  the  News ;  one  in  the  morning,  at  two  cents  per 
copy ;  one  at  twelve  o'clock,  another  at  three  o'clock,  and  the  regular 
evening  issue  at  five  o'clock — the  last  three  being  penny  papers.  In 
November,  1884,  the  combined  circulation  of  the  editions  reached  over 
200,000  copies  daily.  In  politics  the  paper  is  independent.  It  is  very 
enterprising,  especially  in  the  direction  of  exceptional  and  unexpected 
efforts.  It  is  liable  at  any  moment  to  astonish  the  community  with  the 
publication  of  a  fac-simile  telegram  from  the  premier  of  England  on 
some  international  question,  or  a  letter  from  Bismarck  giving  his  opin- 
ion on  some  matter  of  similar  importance.  There  is  no  Sunday  edition. 
The  morning  issue  is  a  seven-column  folio  except  on  Saturdays,  when 
it  is-  a  quarto.  The  later  issues  are  eight-column  folios.  Five  Hoe 
perfecting  presses  are  employed  to  print  the  various  editions.  It  owns 
the  building  it  occupies  at  123  Fifth  Avenue.  A  force  of  about  sixty 
compositors  is  employed,  a  clerical  and  editorial  staff  of  about  seventy- 
five,  and  an  active  corps  of  special  telegraphic  correspondents.  Victor 
F.  Lawson  is  business  manager  ;  Melville  E.  Stone,  editor.  The  Weekly 
News  was  founded  in  1876.  It  average  circulation  is  about  45,000. 

The  Illinois  Staats-Zeitung  is  printed  in  the  German  language,  and  is 
independent  in  politics,  and  the  principal  organ  of  the  German-Ameri- 
cans in  the  northwest.  It  was  founded  in  the  spring  of  1848,  by  Kobert 
Hoeffgen,  whose  entire  capital  amounted  to  $200.  From  this  small 
beginning  grew  an  enterprise  which  probably  is  second  only  to  the 
Staats-ZeitTing  of  New  York.  At  the  start  the  paper  was  a  Aveekly,  and 
the  publisher  was  able  to  carry  on  the  business  by  himself.  He  set  the 
type,  did  the  press  work,  acted  as  solicitor,  collector,  earner,  cashier, 
and  editor.  When  money  was  scarce,  he  would  take  his  pay  in  rags 
which  he  sold  to  the  paper  dealer,  and  in  this  way  received  really  a 
higher  price  than  if  he  had  taken  in  rnly  cash.  Dr.  Hellmuth  was 
editor  in  the  autumn  of  the  year  in  which  the  enterprise  was  started, 
and  again  in  1850,  during  which  year  it  was  issued  twice  a  week.  In 
1851  George  Schneider  became  connected  with  it,  and  a  daily  edition 
was  commenced  with  seventy  subscribers,  the  weekly  list  being  then  a 
little  over  200.  Two  years  later  the  daily  subscription  had  reached 
300,  and  in  1854  the  paper  had  800  subscribers.  The  circulation 
steadily  increased,  and  the  paper  exerted  a  powerful  influence  on  the 
attitudes  of  the  German- Americans  toward  its  party.  In  1861  Win. 
Eapp  became  the  editor,  and  in  the  same  year  Lore.uz  Brentano  bought 


254  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

out  Mr.  Hoeffgen's  interest  and  a  year  later  that  of  George  Schneider. 
Soon  thereafter  A.  C.  Hesing  bought  a  third  interest,  and  in  1867  he 
became  the  sole  owner,  paying  to  Mr.  Breutano  $80,000  in  cash  for  his 
remaining  two-thirds.  A  stock  company  was  subsequently  organized, 
with  a  capital  of  $200,000,  the  stock  being  all  owned  by  six  persons, 
each  of  whom  is  actively  connected  with  the  paper.  During  the  great 
fire  the  office  was  totally  destroyed,  but  the  paper  was  reissued  within 
forty-eight  hours  after,  and  in  due  season  was  located  in  its  present 
quarters  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Washington  Street.  It 
occupies  a  fine  five-story  stone  front  building,  which  cost,  with  the 
outfit  of  machinery  and  type,  about  $300,000.  It  publishes  a  daily 
edition  of  four  pages,  nine  columns  to  the  page,  a  weekly  edition  of  eight 
pages  and  a  Sunday  literary  edition  called  the  Westen.  The  press-room 
is  in  the  basement,  an  elegant  business  office  on  the  first  floor,  and'  the 
editorial  and  composing  rooms  above,  all  conveniently  connected  by 
speaking  tubes  and  dumb  waiters.  The  paper  is  printed  on  two  Clause 
perfecting  presses,  t  mploys  an  average  of  fifty  compositors,  a  clerical, 
editorial  and  reportorial  staff  numbering  forty,  and  a  large  corps  of  corre- 
spondents. Herman  Easter  is  editor-in-chief,  having  held  the  position 
since  1867.  William  Rapp  is  assistant  editor.  A.  C.  Hesing  is  presi- 
dent of  the  company  ;  Washington  Hesing  is  vice-president,  and  C.  F. 
Putsch,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Emil  Mannhartd  is  editor  of  the  Westen. 

The  Neue  Freie  Presse  is  printed  in  German,  and  was  established 
in  1871  as  the  Freie  Presse,  by  the  German-American  Publishing  Com- 
pany. It  issues  a  morning  and  evening  edition  daily,  and  has  a  weekly 
and  Sunday  edition.  It  is  independent  in  politics,  with  a  leaning  to 
Republicanism.  It  has  a  substantial  circulation  and  business  patronage. 
It  is  located  at  92  Fifth  Avenue.  The  daily  issues  are  in  quarto  form, 
and  the  Sunday  and  weekly  in  octavo.  Richard  Michael,  the  editor, 
has  held  that  position  from  the  start.  Carl  Lotz  is  business  manager. 
The  Saturday  Evening  Herald,  established  in  1876,  is  the  leading 
society,  dramatic,  musical  and  literary  weekly.  It  is  published  at  89 
Clark  Street.  The  editors  are  Lyrnan  B.  Glover  and  John  M.  Dandy. 

There  are  at  present  274  regularly  issued  papers  and  periodicals 
in  Chicago,  including  the  fifteen  dailies.  There  are  six  semi-weeklies, 
134  weeklies  (including  Sunday  papers),  twenty-two  semi-monthlies, 
eighty-eight  monthlies  and  nine  quarterlies. 

The  Chicago  Herald,  120  Fifth  Avenue,  is  a  two-cent  morning 
paper,  and  was  established  in  May,  1881,  by  Hon.  Frank  W.  Palmer, 
postmaster,  as  editor-in-chief,  W.  D.  Eaton,  musical  and  dramatic 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


255 


writer  of  The  Times,  as  managing  editor,  and  Jas.  "W.  Scott,  of  the  Daily 
National  Hotel  Keporter,  as  business  manager.  In  1882  Messrs.  Palmer 

and  Eaton  withdrew,  and 
John  F.  Ballantyne  be- 
came managing  editor 
till  August,  1883,  when 
John  E.  Walsh,  president 
of  the  Western  News 
Company,acquired  a  con- 
trolling interest,  and 
Martin  J.  Kussell,  late 
editorial  writer  on  The 
Times,  became  editor  in- 
chief,  Jas.  W.  Scott  re- 
taining the  business  man- 
agement. The  stock  is 
owned  by  the  three  per- 
sons mentioned,  and  A. 
F.  Hatch.  In  politics  the 
Herald  claims  to  be  en- 
tirely independent,  al- 
though until  it  came  un- 
der its  present  manage- 
THE  CHICAGO  HERALD  BUILDING,  FIFTH  AVENUE.  meilt  it  was  the  organ 

of  Stalwart  Kepublicanism.  In  stj'le  it  is  modeled  after  the  New  York 
Sun,  and  typographically  it  is  the  handsomest  daily  in  the  city.  It  is 
a  seven-column  folio,  except  on  Sundays  when  it  is  an  eight-column 
quarto.  It  has  had  a  severe  struggle  to  achieve  its  present  position 
as  a  fixed  institution  with  a  very  promising  future.  H.  W.  Seymour, 
late  one  of  the  editors  of  The  Times,  is  managing  editor;  and  Wm.  A. 
Taylor,  cityelitor. 

The  Newspapers  sketched  in  the  foregoing  pages  include  the  lead- 
ing dailies  of  the  city.  The  other  dailies  are  as  follows  :  .  The  Evening 
Telegram,  a  penny  paper,  Democratic  in  politics,  started  in  1879  ;  the 
Chicago  Demokrat,  German,  established  in  1883  (weekly  in  1856), 
published  every  morning,  and  Democratic  in  politics ;  the  Arbeiter- 
Zeitung,  German  evening,  started  in  1872  as  a  weekly,  added  a  daily 
issue  in  1876,  and  is  devoted  to  the  interests  of  socialism  ;  the  Scandi- 
naven  is  a  morning  paper,  Kepublican  in  politics,  wielding  considerable 
influence  among  the  Scandinavian  people  ;  the  weekly  issue  was  started 


256  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

in  1865,  and  the  daily  in  1866  ;  the  Daily  National  Hotel  Eeporter  is 
published  every  morning  in  the  interest  of  hotels,  and  kindred  inter- 
ests, has  a  wide  circulation  and  was  established  in  1871 ;  the  Drovers' 
Journal,  in  the  interest  of  the  live  stock  trade,  was  founded  in  1873, 
and  has  a  weekly,  semi-weekly  and  daily  issue  ;  the  Sun.  established 
in  1868,  is  published  every  evening  at  the  Union  Stockyards :  the 
Svornost  is  an  independent  Bohemian  paper,  published  every  morning, 
and  weekly,  and  was  started  in  1875.  Altogether  there  are-  fifteen 
daily  newspapers. 

The  Chicago  Mail  is  the  successor  of  the  Evening  Mail  established 
in  1884,  and  of  the  Chicago  Press  established  in  1883.  It  passed 
under  the  management  of  the  Hatton-Snowden  Company  on  June  16, 
1885,  and  over  $100,000  has  been  expended  since  then  in  improving 
the  plant  of  the  paper,  and  making  it  one  of  the  most  popular  and 
enterprising  dailies  of  the  country.  It  has  four  daily  issues:  11  A.  M., 
noon,  3  and  5  P.  M,,  besides  frequent  extras  as  the  exigencies  of  the 
news  department  require.  Its  daily  circulation  averages  over  50,000. 
Six  months  ago,  the  St.  James  Hotel,  on  Fifth  Avenue,  was  transformed 
for  its  use  into  a  model  newspaper  printing  office,  and  it  is  now  known 
as  "the  Mail  Building."  Ex-Postniaster  General  Frank  Hatton,  and 
Clinton  A.  Snowden,  late  of  the  Chicago  Times,  are  its  editors,  assisted 
by  C.  McAuliff,  E.  R.  Dillingham,  and  A.  G.  McCoy.  Mr.  John  J. 
Flinn,  formerly  of  the  Daily  News,  the  assistant  manager,  has  the 
charge  of  the  advertising  business.  It  has  gained  immensely  in  circu- 
lation and  influence  during  the  past  year,  and  has  taken  a  front  rank 
among  it ;  contemporaries. 

The  Current,  published  from  123  and  125  La  Salle  Street,  is  a 
thirty-two  page  weekly  journal,  devoted  to  first-class  current  litera- 
ture, comments,  discussions,  essays  and  criticisms,  regarding  social  and 
political  movements,  events  of  the  day,  and  all  timely  topics  and  mat- 
ters of  general  and  important  interest.  Among  Western  publications 
of  its  character  it  is  without  a  rival,  and  it  is  to  the  West  and  Wetsern 
literature  what  the  best  monthly  magazine  of  the  East  is  to  that  sec- 
tion. Its  circulation  extends  to  every  reading  community  on  the 
continent,  and  embraces  a  considerable  list  of  European  readers.  It  is 
filled  every  week  with  bright,  charming  stories,  timely  essays,  poetrj*, 
comments,  reviews,  critiques,  literary  notes,  and  its  contributors 
embrace  some  of  the  best  writers  of  the  country.  It  receives  praise 
from  the  severest  critics,  and  commendation  from  the  best  writers  of 
this  and  other  countries.  It  was  started  Dec.  22,  1883.  A.  H.  Harry- 
man  is  editor,  and  A.  E.  Davis  is  president  and  manager. 


THE   MUSICAL   ORGANIZATIONS,    THE   DATES   OF  THEIR   FORMA- 
TION  AND   THEIR   LEADERS. 

T^HE  musical  societies  of  Chicago  have  contributed  much  toward  the 
•*-  promotion  and  cultivation  of  the  musical  taste  of  the  people.  The 
"  Apollo  "  and  "  Mozart"  Clubs  are  the  leading  (English)  musical  organ- 
izations, the  Beethoven  Society  having  recently  disbanded. 

The  Apollo  Musical  Club  is  the  oldest  existing  English  musical  so- 
ciety in  Chicago,  and  its  work  in  advancing  the  standard  of  musical 
culture  in  this  locality  can  hardly  be  over-estimated.  It  was  organized 
in  1872,  with  S.  G.  Pratt  as  musical  director.  Mr.  Pratt  was  succeeded 
by  A.  W.  Dohn,  who  occupied  the  position  for  nearly  three  years, 
and  it  was  under  his  directorship  that  the  first  public  concert  of  the 
club  was  given.  Carl  Bergstein  conducted  the  chorus  during  the  sea- 
son of  1874-5.  W.  L.  Tomlins  was  appointed  director  in  the  spring 
of  the  latter  year,  and  continues  to  act  in  that  capacity.  As  originally 
constituted  the  club  was  exclusively  a  male  chorus,  but  under  Mr. 
Tomlin's  leadership  an  auxiliai'y  ladies'  chorus  was  formed,  and  has 
since  been  merged  into  the  club  proper,  making  it  a  mixed  chorus, 
numbering  at  present  about  150  voices.  In  addition  to  ths  150  active 
members,  there  are  nearly  500  associate  members.  Three  regular  sub- 
scription concerts  are  given  each  season,  tickets  of  admission  being 
issued  to  members  only.  The  public  are  admitted  to  the  annual 
Christinas  performance  of  the  Messiah.  The  membership  includes 
some  of  the  best  vocalists  in  the  city.  The  club  has  convenient  club- 
rooms,  and  meets  for  rehearsals  in  Apollo  Hall. 

The  Mozart  Club  was  organized  in  1880.  It  was  first  known  as  the 
Mozart  Society,  but  the  name  was  changed  to  Mozart  Club  in  1883. 
During  its  first  year  the  society  had  about  ninety  active  singing  mem- 
bers, but  the  number  has  been  reduced  from  time  to  time  until  it 
is  now  about  forty.  The  club  gives  three  concerts  annually  in  Central 
Music  Hall.  Tickets  of  admission  are  issued  only  to  the  associate 
members.  The  chorus  consists  wholly  of  male  voices.  It  is  devoted  to 
the  performance  of  oratorio  and  other  choral  music  of  a  high  order. 

17 


258  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Hans  Balatka  was  the  first  musical  director.  He  was  succeeded,  after 
one  or  two  seasons,  by  Marro  L.  Bartlett,  who  still  directs  the  chorus. 
The  club  occupies  rooms  at  24  Adams  Street. 

The  St.  Cecilia  Choir,  led  by  Wm.  L.  Tomlins,  was  organized  Feb.  11, 
1883,  to  afford  some  of  the  lady  singers  of  the  May  Festival  chorus 
practice  during  the  time  between  the  festivals.  The  organization  was 
not  intended  to  be  permanent. 

The  Musical  Festival  Association  was  formed  to  meet  a  demand  for 
the  rendition  of  the  great  works  of  the  most  famous  masters,  that  had 
grown  out  of  the  advance  of  musical  culture.  It  was  organized  in 
1882,  and  gives  a  grand  musical  festival  every  two  years.  The  festival 
occurs  in  May,  and  lasts  five  days,  with  concerts  every  evening,  and 
matinee  concerts  on  Thursday  and  Saturday.  The  association  is  sup- 
ported by  the  receipts  from  the  festivals,  and  is  secured  from  loss  by 
subscriptions  to  a  guarantee  fund  sufficient  to  cover  the  bulk  of  the 
expense.  Fifty-nine  prominent  citizens  subscribed  for  $1,000  to  the 
fund  for  the  festival  of  1884.  On  this  occasion  there  was  an  orchestra 
of  175  pieces  and  a  chorus  of  900  voices.  The  works  of  Wag- 
ner, Beethoven,  Schubert,  Haydn,  Handel,  Mozart,  Gounod  and  others 
were  represented  in  the  programme,  and  the  leading  parts  were  exe- 
cuted by  Nilsson,  Materna,  Winkelman,  Scaria  and  others.  The  high 
perfect!  n  reached  by  the  chorus  is  due  to  the  able  and  untiring  efforts 
of  Prof.  W.  L.  Tomlins,  whose  skillful  training  produced  an  artistic 
success  that  Avas  a  grand  feature  of  the  concerts.  There  have  been 
two  festivals,  the  first  in  1882,  and  the  last  in  1884,  both  given  in  the 
Exposition  Building  under  the  direction  of  Theodore  Thomas.  The 
loss  on  the  first  was  $9,210,  and  on  the  last  $5,817.  The  latter  loss 
would  have  been  much  greater  but  for  the  sum  of  $9,000  received 
from  the  two  national  political  conventions,  which  used  the  seats  and 
other  property  of  the  festival  association.  N.  K.  Fairbank  is  president ; 
Millard  Adams,  secretary  ;  George  Sturgis,  treasurer. 

The  Quartettes. — There  are  numerous  quartettes  in  the  city,  among 
which  the  following  are  the  most  noted  :  The  Chicago  Quartette,  male 
voices,  organized  in  1877,  and  reorganized  and  incorporated  in  March, 
1884;  the  Sclmbert  Quartette,  male  voices,  organized  in  the  summer 
of  1883  ;  and  the  Oriental  Quartette,  also  male  voices.  The  Sclmmann 
Quartette,  organized  in  the  fall  of  1882,  the  St.  Cecilia  Quartette, 
organized  in  1878,  the  Chicago  Lady  Quartette,  and  the  Weber  Lady 
Quartette,  are  all  composed  of  female  voices.  The  Harrnonia  Quartette, 
male  and  female  voices,  was  first  organized  about  ten  years  ago. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  259 

German  Singing  Societies  are  numerous.  They  all  partake  largely 
of  a  social  character  and  are,  without  exception,  composed  of  gentlemen 
only. 

The  Germania  Maennerchor  is  the  oldest  German  musical  society  in 
Chicago,  having  been  organized  in  1865.  Soon  after  its  organization 
the  society  was  divided,  some  of  the  members  forming  themselves  into 
a  society  under  the  name  "  Ooncordia."  Soon  after  the  great  fire  they 
were  reunited  under  the  original  name.  The  first  musical  director  was 
Otto  Lob.  At  the  time  of  the  split  Mr.  Lob  became  director  of  the 
Coucordia  society,  and  Hans  Balatka  of  the  Germania.  The  society 
has  rendered  many  operas  of  the  highest  order.  The  chorus  consists 
of  about  thirty  members.  They  meet  for  rehearsal  in  private  rooms  in 
Brand's  Hall.  There  are  about  250  associate  members.  The  excellence 
of  the  music  rendered  by  the  society,  and  the  delightful  sociability 
that  has  characterized  its  entertainments  have  given  it  wide  popularity 
among  German  people  of  refinement  and  culture.  The  concerts  of  the 
society  are  generally  private. 

The  Orpheus  Maennerchor  is  the  second  oldest  German  musical  so- 
ciety in  the  city.  It  was  organized  in  1867.  The  first  musical  director 
was  Otto  Lob.  It  gives  public  concerts  occasionally  and  was  formerly 
a  mixed  chonis.  The  music  is  of  a  "  popular  "  character.  Meetings  are 
held  every  Wednesday  evening  for  rehearsal  at  the  society's  hall  on 
West  Lake  Street.  Gusfav  Ehrhorn  is  the  director. 

The  Chicago  Musical  Club  is  one  of  the  latest  German  musical  or- 
ganizations. It  was  organized  October  14,  1882,  with  Hans  Balatka  as 
director,  and  he  still  retains  that  position.  It  gives  concerts  on  a  larger 
scale  than  any  of  the  other  German  singing  societies,  and  renders  only 
works  of  the  higher  order.  The  plan  is  to  give  five  concerts  every  sea- 
son. The  concerts  given  the  first  year  were  all  public,  an  admission  fee 
being  charged.  Latterly  the  rule  has  been  to  admit  only  members  of 
the  club,  except  that  each  member  is  allowed  to  introduce  friends  once 
during  the  season.  Kehearsals  are  held  every  Monday  evening  in  Koom 
24,  American  Express  Building.  The  associate  membership  numbers 
about  seventy  and  the  active  membership  numbers  thirty-six. 

The  Schweizer  Maennerchor  was  originally  a  singing  section  of  the 
Schweizer  Bund,  but  organized  as  a  separate  society  in  May,  1869.  It 
cultivate?  the  music  of  popular  German  authors,  and  gives  three  or  four 
concerts  every  season.  It  has  115  members,  mostly  Swiss,  and  a 
chorus  of  thirty-five  voices.  It  has  taken  prominent  part  in  all  the 
great  saengerfests  from  1870,  and  in  the  national  festivals 


260  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

parades  of  the  Swiss  societies,  some  of  the  latter  being  remarkably  in- 
teresting representations  of  the  history,  costumes,  customs,  and  pur- 
suits of  the  Swiss  people.  H.  von  Oppen,  leader. 

The  Eintracht  Liederkranz  cultivates  sentimental  and  comic  choral 
music  for  male  voices,  by  popular  German  composers.  It  was  organ- 
ized June  27,  1876,  and  has  thirty  members  in  the  chorus,  all  Ger- 
mans. It  is  noted  for  its  concerts,  balls,  masquerades,  and  picnics. 
Meetings  are  held  every  Friday  evening,  at  378  West  Twelfth  Street. 
The  first  leader  was  Edward  Roos  ;  the  present  leader  is  Emil  Zott. 

The  Teutonia  Maennerchor  has  fifty-two  active  and  about  175  asso- 
ciate members,  and  meets  every  Tuesday  evening  in  Aurora  Turner 
Hall.  The  society  sings  popular  music,  holds  monthly  entertainment.-} 
for  members  only,  and  gives  three  grand  public  concerts  every  season . 
Its  excursions  during  the  summer  are  largely  attended.  The  musical 
director,  Gustav  Ehrhorn,  has  held  the  position  from  the  organization. 

The  Fidalia  singing  society  was  organized  in  December,  1872. 
Like  the  other  musical  clubs,  it  is  composed  of  professional  and  asso- 
ciate members.  There  are  about  thirty-five  of  the  former  and  the  same 
number  of  the  latter.  The  annual  membership  fee  is  $6.00.  It  is 
strictly  a  German  society,  having  only  German  members  and  singing 
only  popular  German  music.  A  limited  number  of  public  concerts  is 
given  each  season,  tickets  of  admission  being  disposed  of  by  the  mem- 
bers to  such  persons  as  they  may  select.  The  Fidalia  meets  in  North 
Side  Turner  Hall  on  Thursday  evenings.  The  director  is  H.  von  Oppen. 

The  Turner  Maennerchor  consists  of  members  of  the  Chicago  Turn  - 
gemeinde.  It  numbers  about  twenty-four  voices,  and  meets  in  the 
North  Side  Turner  Hall  on  Tuesday  evenings.  Its  public  singing  is 
principally  at  entertainments  given  by  the  Turngemeinde.  The  director 
is  Julian  Heinze. 


THE  EXCHANGES  AND  OTHER  TRADE  ASSOCIATIONS,  AND 
THE  UNION  STOCKYARDS. 

npHE  number  of  exchanges  and  other  trade  associations  in  Chicago 
•**  indicate  the  opinion  of  her  business  men  as  to  the  value  of  combi- 
nations for  the  advancement  of  related  interests.  There  are  few  impor- 
tant lines  of  trade,  or  few  groups  of  kindred  lines,  that  are  not  repre- 
sented by  some  organization  of  the  kind. 

The  Board  of  Trade  is  a  great  commercial  exchange  in  which  the 
transactions  are  confined  to  grain  and  provisions,  and  it  is  the  largest 
and  most  powerful  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  world.  It  was  organ- 
ized in  1848,  incorporated  under  the  general  statutes  in  1850,  and  in 
1859  secured  a  special  act  of  incorporation  from  the  legislature.  The 
building  in  which  it  has  been  located  since  1872,  is  a  large  and  sub- 
stantial stone  structure,  at  the  corner  of  LaSalle  and  Washington 
Streets,  known  as  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  It  was  built  on  the  site 
of  the  structure  occupied  by  the  board  from  1864  until  it  was  destroyed 
by  the  fire  of  1871,  and  was  opened  Oct.  9, 1872,  just  one  year  from  the 
burning  of  its  predecessor.  Pending  the  construction  of  the  new 
building,  the  board,  occupied  rooms  on  Franklin  Street.  The  exchange 
hall  is  eighty-seven  feet  wide,  142  feet  long,  and  forty-five  feet  high. 
Within  this  space  have  been  fought  some  of  the  greatest  commercial 
battles  in  the  history  of  trade.  Here  fortunes  have  alternately  multi- 
plied and  melted,  the  hand  that  records  the  fluctuations  of  the  market 
registering  the  defeat  of  one  and  the  triumph  of  another,  as  inexorably 
as  if  it  were  the  hand  of  fate.  But  the  historic  arena  has -grown  too 
small  for  the  contests  of  the  gladiators  of  trade.  It  was  held  under  a 
lease  for  ninety-nine  years,  which  has  been  canceled,  and  a  larger  and 
more  elegant  structure  is  now  approaching  completion.  The  new 
building  has  a  front  of  173|  feet  on  Jackson  Street,  at  the  south  end  of 
LaSalle,  and  extends  back  225  feet.  The  rear  portion,  which  is  occu- 
pied by  about  100  offices,  is  160  feet  in  height,  and  the  front  part, 
which  contains  the  exchange  hall,  is  140  feet  high,  and  surmounte;!  by 
a  stately  tower,  the  tallest  in  the  city,  rising  304  feet  above  the  ground. 

261 


262 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOS  OF  CHICAGO. 


The  tower  is  thirty-two  feet  square  at  the  base,  and  built  of  masonry 
to  the  height  of  225  feet,  where  each  face  is  supplied  with  a  clock  dial. 
From  the  masonry  to  the  pinnacle,  seventy-eight  feet,  the  construction 
is  of  iron.  The  entrances  are  large  doorways  supported  by  polished 
columns  of  gray  granite,  and  the  entire  edifice  is  built  of  Fox  Island 


CHICAGO  BOARD  OF  TRADE  BUILDING,  JACKSON,  PACIFIC  AND  SHERMAN   STREETS. 


granite,  at  a  cost  of  $1,500,000.  Near  the  top  of  the  east  and  west 
elevations  are  very  striking  and  appropriate  allegorical  figures  in  gran- 
ite. The  committee  and  directors'  rooms  are  on  the  third  floor.  The 
president's  office  connects  with  the  secretary's  office,  both  being  on  the 
second  floor.  They  are  very  elegantly  finished  in  mahogany,  with 
artistic  wood  mantels,  and  are  exquisitely  frescoed.  Four  powerful 
elevators  give  easy  access  to  all  parts  of  the  building.  Two  flights 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  263 

of  polished  vari-colored  granite  stairways  lead  from  the  Jackson 
Street  entrance  to  the  "  exchange  hall,"  which  is  152X161  feet,  and 
eighty  feet  high.  The  skylight  of  stained  glass  overhead  is  72X75  feet, 
and  there  are  seventeen  windows,  each  eight  feet  and  two  inches  wide 
and  thirty-two  feet  high,  arranged  in  pairs,  with  a  10X18  feet  transom 
over  each  pair,  the  stained  glass  of  the  transoms  bearing  representations 
in  heroic  figures  of  Commerce,  Agriculture,  Order,  Fortune.  At  the 
north  end  of  the  hall  is  a  private  gallery,  with  the  president's  rostrum, 
and  ante-rooms  in  connection.  The  public  gallery  is  on  the  west  side 
of  the  hall.  Smoking,  cloak  and  private  rooms  for  the  members  are 
conveniently  located  adjoining  the  hall.  It  is  supplied  with  tables 
systematically  arranged  for  the  display  of  samples  ;  the  grain  and  pro- 
vision trades  each  has  its  separate  "pit ;"  the  bulletins  are  conveniently 
placed  ;  the  telegraphic  service  is  complete  and  thorough.  The  build- 
ing and  hall  are  undoubtedly  the  grandest  of  the  kind  in  the  world. 
The  membership  of  the  board  numbers  aboiit  2,000,  which  is  intended 
to  be  substantially  the  limit.  The  membership  fee  is  $10,000,  but  the 
places  of  retiring  members  can  usually  be  purchased  for  $3,500  to 
$4,500.  No  transaction  is  allowed  on  the  board  involving  less  than 
5,000  bushels  of  grain  or  250  packages  of  pork  or  lard.  The  sessions 
of  the- board  are  from  9:30  A.  M.  to  1  P.  M.,  and  from  2  to  2:30  P.  M. 

The  Produce  Exchange  was  incorporated  June  11,  1874,  and  has 
nearly  500  members  engaged  or  interested  in  the  trade  in  butter, 
cheese,  eggs,  potatoes,  flour,  fruits,  vegetables,  etc.,  in  which  lines  the 
transactions  are  conducted.  The  exchange  rooms  and  hall  are  at  the 
corner  of  Lake  and  Clark  Streets.  The  rooms  are  kept  open  for  private 
transactions  from  8  A.  M.  to  5  p.  M.,  daily.  'Change  hours  are  from  2  to 
3  P.  M. 

The  Chicago  Mining  Exchange  started  out  in  1882,  with  a  fair 
prospect  of  success,  but  there  has  been  a  great  falling  off  in  interest 
and  attendance.  There  are  over  100  members,  and  meetings  are  held 
daily,  between  11  A.  M.  and  2  p.  M.,  at  Room  24  Portland  Block.  Calls 
are  made  at  11:30  each  day,  but  very  little  business  transacted. 

The  Lumberman's  Exchange  is  one  of  the  strongest  trade  organi- 
zations in  the  city.  It  collects  and  distributes  statistics  of  the  lumber 
trade,  maintains  a  judicious  system  of  classification  by  careful  inspec- 
tion, and  generally  takes  an  active  part  in  everything  calculated  to 
advance  the  lumber  interests.  Its  rooms,  at  252  South  Water  Street, 
are  much  visited  by  men  interested  in  the  lumber  business,  from  all 
parts  of  this  country,  and  many  from  abroad. 


264 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


The  Chicago  Open  Board  of  Trade  is  similar  in  its  purpose  and 
methods  to  the  Board  of  Trade,  commonly  called  the  '•  Big  Board."  Its 
operations  are  confined  to  the  same  commodities,  though  they  may  be 
handled  in  smaller  amounts,  the  minimum  limit  of  deals  being  1,000 
bushels  of  grain  or  twenty-five  packages  of  lard  or  meats.  The  quota- 
tions of  the  "  Big  Board"  are  the  guide  in  all  trades  in  the  Open  Board, 

and  arc  promptly  received  and 
bulletined.  The  Open  Board  was 
organized  Dae.  15,  1877,  and  in- 
corporated May  12,  1880,  and 
was  first  located  in  Calhoun  Place, 
near  the  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
June  2,  1884,  with  a  member- 
ship of  about  400,  it  moved  into 
new  and  spacious  quarters  on  Pa- 
cific Avenue.  The  building  is  a 
fine  six-story  edifice  of  red  press- 
ed brick.  The  exchange  hall,  on 
the  ground  floor,  is  eighty  feet 
wide,  100  feet  long,  and  thirty 
feet  in  height  to  the  sky-light, 
which  measures  45x50  feet.  The 

_ membership  fee  is  $500,  and  the 

OPEN  BOARD  OF  TRADE,  PACIFIC  AVENUE.  annual  dues  $50.  The  daily  ses- 
sions are  open  to  spectators,  from  which  fact  it  derived  the  name 
"  Open  Board."  The  sessions  are  held  daily  from  9:30  A.  M.  to  1  P.  M., 
and  from  2  to  2:30  P.  M. 

The  Chicago  Drug,  Paint  and  Oil  Exchange  was  organized  in  1877, 
and  is  located  at  No.  51  Wabash  Avenue.  It  has  about  twenty-five 
members,  including  the  leading  jobbers,  wholesale  dealers  and  manu- 
facturers in  the  lines  to  which  it  is  devoted.  'Change  hours  are  from 
11:30  A.  M.  to  12  M. 

The  Commercial  Exchange  has  150  members,  and  meets  daily 
between  the  hours  of  11:30  and  12:30,  in  its  hall  on  the  corner  of 
Dearborn  and  Randolph  Streets.  It  was  incorporated  Nov.  25,  1882. 
Its  membership  is  limited  to  residents  of  Chicago,  engaged  in  the 
wholesale  grocery  business  and  kindred  branches.  The  transactions 
are,  as  a  rule,  not  speculative,  but  involve  the  actual  transfer  of  goods. 
Telegraphic  reports  of  concurrent  transactions  in  the  New  England 
fish  markets,  the  New  York  and  Boston  sugar  markets,  and  the  New 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  Of  CHICAGO.  265 

York  Coffee  Exchange,  are  received  and  posted  during  the  sessions,  and 
all  trades  in  those  lines  are  based  on  those  quotations. 

The  Chicago  Stock  Exchange  is  situated  at  126  Washington  Street. 
The  membership  includes  the  leading  bankers  and  brokers  in  the  city, 
and  many  prominent  merchants.  Many  members  of  the  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  stock  boards  are  also  members  of  the  Chicago  Stock  Ex- 
change, there  being  at  present  750  on  the  rolls.  Two  "calls"  are  held 
daily,  one  for  the  sale  of  bonds  and  one  for  stocks.  The  exchange  was 
established  in  May,  1882. 

The  Chicago  Real  Estate  Board,  Rooms  5  and  5J  National  Life 
Building,  157  to  163  LaSalle  Street,  is  an  exchange,  incorporated  in 
1883  as  The  Chicago  Renting  Agents'  Association,  but  filed  new  articles 
of  incorporation  under  the  present  name,  June  4, 1884.  It  was  formed 
for  purely  business  purposes.  The  daily  call-board  sessions  are  held 
from  12  M.  to  1  p.  M.  The  membership  embraces  about  eighty  of  the 
leading  real  estate  agencies. 

The  Builders'  and  Traders'  Exchange  was  organized  Jan.  21,  1884, 
and  now  has  nearly  500  members,  composed  of  mechanics,  manufact- 
urers, and  traders  whose  avocations  connect  them  with  the  building 
trades  or  industries.  The  exchange  rooms,  at  No.  159  LaSalle  Street, 
are  open  dailjr. 

The  Union  Stock  Yards,  Halstedand  Fortieth  Streets,  are  the  center 
of  the  greatest  live  stock  trade  in  the  world.  They  occupy  a  large  por- 
tion of  a  tract  of  375  acres,  the  pens  taking  up  240  acres  and  having 
a  capacity  for  180,000  head  of  hogs,  45,000  head  of  cattle  and  15,000 
head  of  sheep,  or  a  total  of  240,000  head  of  stock  of  all  kinds.  •  There 
are  100  acres  under  cover,  and  180  acres  of  open  pens.  The  stables 
afford  •accommodation  for  1,500  horses.  All  important  railroads  enter- 
ing at  Chicago  connect  with  the  yards,  and  the  company  has  100  miles  of 
railroad  track,  including  switches,  to  facilitate  the  receipt  and  shipment 
of  stock.  Telegraph,  mail,  and  banking  facilities  are  provided  on  the 
grounds.  The  exchange  hall  is  in  a  building  covering  60X240  feet,  in 
which  are  the  offices  of  the  company,  and  of  numerous  firms  engaged 
in  the  live  stock  trade.  There  are  thirty-two  extensive  packing  houses 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  yards.  The  yards  were  first  opened 
Dec.  25,  1865,  and  have  since  been  greatly  enlarged  and  improved. 
The  receipts  at  the  stockyards  during  the  year  1883  were  :  Live  hogs, 
5,640,625;  dressed  hogs,  55,538;  cattle,  1,878,944;  sheep,  749,917. 
The  yards  are  owned  by  the  Union  Stock  Yards  and  Transit  Com- 
pany. 


266 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


Trade  Associations : — The  principal  trade  associations,  other  than 
exchanges,  are  shown  in  the  following  table  : 


NAME. 

STS 

21 
0J 

No.  of 
mem's. 

NAME. 

|l 

o1" 

No.  of 
mem's. 

Anthracite  Coal  Association  .  . 
Board  of'Marine  Underwriters 

1882 

15 

Chicago  Eetail   Coal  Dealers' 
Association  

1883 

1°5 

Boss  Horse  Shoers'  Protective 
Union  

1875 

50 

Chicago  Vessel  Owners'  Ass'n. 
Chicago  Cigar   Manuf'rs'  and 

1881 

Boss  Horse  Shoers'  Protective 
Association  

1884 

25 

Dealers'  Association  
Custom  Cutters'  Association.. 

1877 

180 
25 

Chicago  Board  of  Underwrites 
Chicago  Boot,  Shoe  and  Leath- 
er Association  ....           .... 

1878 

25 
25 

Lumber  Manufac'rs'  Associa- 
tion of  the  North  West    
National  Association  of  Lum- 

1873 

100 

Chicago  Briokmakeis'  Asso'n 

1883 

ber  Dealers  

1877 

1000 

Chicago  Drapers'  and  Tailors' 

1878 

Pork  Packers'  Association  
Railway  Exchange 

1872 

1884 

30 
30 

Chicago  Jewelers'  Association. 

1876 
1S8'' 

65 

State    Protective  Association 
(liquor  dealers)     

18 

750 

Chicago  Master  Masons'  and 

Underwriters'  Exchange  

80 

25 

1880 

75 

Watchmakers'   and   Jewelers' 

1880 

sociation  

1882 

145 

Western  Railroad  Association  . 

1  H(>7 

82 

The  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  Northwest  was 
organized  March  18,  1873.  It  aims  to  further  the  interests  of  its 
members,  by  united  action  among  them,  in  everything  that  pertains  to 
operations  in  lumber  in  Chicago  and  the  Northwest.  It  collects  and 
publishes,  annually,  statistics  touching  the  prices,  sales,  production 
and  consumption  of  lumber  and  other  matters  of  general  interest. 
E.  S.  Hotchkiss,  252  Soiath  Water  Street,  is  secretary. 

The  Chicago  Clearing  House  Association  was  organized  in  1865, 
and  incorporated  in  1882.  The  object  was  to  substitute  a  safer  and 
more  convenient  method  of  settlements  and  collections  between  banks 
than  the  old-time  system  of  messengers.  Nineteen  banks  send  their 
messengers  at  eleven  o'clock  every  morning  to  the  Clearing  House  at 
No.  80  LaSalle  Street,  and  there  in  a  few  minutes  transact  the  whole 
business  that  previously  required  several  hours' time.  The  "losing 
banks,"  as  those  are  called  which  bring  in  a  smaller  amount  of  checks 
on  other  banks  than  the  latter  bring  in  on  them,  are  required  to  settle 
the  balance  before  12:30  o'clock,  and  the  "gaining  banks"  come  in 
after  that  time  for  balances  due  them.  Many  private  bankers  make 
their  clearings  through  members  of  the  Clearing  House  Association. 
About  $1,400,000  change  hands  through  the  Clearing  House  every  day. 


THE  EARLY  TAVERNS  AND  THE  LEADING  HOTELS  OF  TO-DAY 
AND  THEIR  RATES. 

'"pHE  first  tavern  in  Chicago  was  built  in  1828  by  James  Kinzie,  and 
•*-  was  opened  in  1829,  by  Archibald  Caldwell,  as  Caldwell's  Tavern. 
It  was  located  on  Wolf  Point,  and  was  afterward  known  as  Wolf  Tav- 
ern. An  illustration  on  page  11  shows  the  building  as  it  appeared  in 
1830.  Samuel  Miller  opened  a  tavern  on  the  east  side  of  the  "  North 
Branch  "  in  1830,  which  he  called  the  "  Miller  House."  The  building, 
a  small  log  cabin,  which  afterward  became  the  famous  Sauganash  Hotel, 
was  improved,  by  a  frame  addition,  in  1831,  by  Mark  Beaubien,  and  was 
the  first  frame  house  in  the  city,  and  is  generally  spoken  of  as  the  first 
hotel  in  Chicago.  It  stood  on  the  south  side  of  Lake  Street  at  the 
corner  of  Market.  The  Green  Tree  Tavern,  corner  of  Lake  and  Canal 
Streets,  was  built  in  1833.  The  first  Tremont  House  was  also  built  in 
1833.  From  this  date  hotel  enterprises  increased  rapidly  with  the 
growth  of  the  village  and  city.  The  Green  Tree,  afterward  the  Chicago 
Hotel,  and  later  the  Lake  Street  House,  ceased  its  existence  as  a  hotel 
in  1859.  In  1880,  the  building,  a  quaint  frame  structure,  was  removed 
to  No.  35  Milwaukee  Avenue,  where  it  still  stands.  In  1835  the  West- 
ern Hotel,  a  two-story  frame  building  which  still  stands  at  the  south- 
east corner  of  Canal  and  Randolph  Streets,  was  erected.  The  Lake 
House  was  also  built  in  1835,  at  the  corner  of  Kinzie  and  Rush 
Streets.  It  was  a  brick  structure  and  the  first  really  costly  hotel  in  the 
city,  the  cost  of  building  and  furniture  being  about  $100,000.  But  it 
is  with  the  hotels  of  the  present  that  we  have  to  do.  The  hotel  facil- 
ities of  Chicago  to-day  are  equal  to,  if  not  superior  to  any  city  in  the 
country,  if  not  in  the  world. 

The  Palmer  House,  corner  State  and  Monroe  Streets,  is  one  of  the  larg- 
est and  grandest  hotels  in  the  world.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  old  Palmer 
House  which  was  destroyed  by  the  great  fire.  It  was  opened  for  the 
reception  of  guests  Nov.  1,  1873.  The  cost  of  the  building,  which  is 
fire  proof,  was  $2,000.000,  and  over  $500,000  were  expended  in  fur- 
nishing it.  It  is  six  stories  in  height  above  the  basement,  and  has  a 


268  MARQUIS1  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

frontage  on  State  Street  of  281  feet,  and  on  Monroe  Street  of  253  feet, 
and  an  L  extending  through  to  Wabash  Avenue  131  feet  in  width.  The 
fronts  are  of  stone.  An  additional  story  was  added  in  1884  and 
the  hotel  now  contains  815  rooms.  The  grand  hall  through  which 
the  rotunda  is  reached  is  28  feet  wide  and  70  feet  long.  Its  wainscot- 
ing is  of  thirty -four  different  kinds  and  colors  of  marble.  The  rotunda 
is  64X106  feet,  and  the  floor,  office  counters  and  staircase  are  all  of 
Italian  marble.  The  grand  reception  room  and  the  Egyptian  parlor, 
are  furnished  in  the  most  artistic  and  luxuriant  -manner.  The  bridal 
chambers  of  the  Palmer  are  celebrated ;  the  furniture  is  unique  and 
costly,  and  in  the  frescoes  are  cupids  and  doves,  wreaths  of  flowers  and 
filmy  veils  of  lace.  The  ball  room  is  40X140  feet,  and  through  its 
center  is  a  row  of  fluted  columns  finished  in  artistically  blended  colors. 
The  grand  dining  hall  is  64  feet  wide  and  76  feet  long ;  the  archi- 
tectural decorations  are  in  old  Corinthian  order,  treated  in  modern 
French  style.  The  club  room  is  60X30  feet,  the  floor  is  of  marble  tiling, 
and  the  sides  are  laid  in  colored  tiling  to  the  height  of  four  feet.  The 
ladies'  and  gentlemen's  cafe  is  in  the  rear  of  the  rotunda,  and  the 
lunch  room  is  situated  on  the  State  Street  front,  just  south  of  the  main 
entrance.  The  Palmer  is  conducted  on  both  the  American  and  Euro- 
pean plan.  The  charges  range  from  $3.00  to  $6.00  per  day  for  room 
and  board,  and  from  $1.00  to  $2.00  for  room  without  board.  It  is  one 
of  the  great  institutions  of  Chicago ;  and  at  times  of  popular  excite- 
ment the  focus  of  interest  is  here ;  and  it  is  here  that  the  prominent 
political  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  congregate  to  exchange 
views  and  discuss  topics  of  political  moment.  The  hotel  was  built  by 
Potter  Palmer,  and  is  now  owned  by  the  Palmer  House  Company. 
Willis  Howe  is  manager. 

The  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  fronts  on  Clark,  Jackson,  LaSalle  and 
Quincy  Streets,  and  covers  an  entire  half-square  of  ground.  It  stands 
on  the  site  of  the  Pacific  Hotel  which  had  just  been  completed  at  the 
time  of  the  great  fire.  Like  its  predecessor,  it  was  built  by  the  Pacific 
Hotel  Company,  but  is  much  larger  and  costlier  than  the  original  struct- 
ure. It  is  just  across  the  street  from  the  postofflce  on  the  east,  and  the 
new  Board  of  Trade  Building  on  the  south.  Its  erection  was  com- 
menced soon  after  the  great  fire  of  1871.  and  it  was  completed  and 
opened  June  3,  1873.  The  hotel  is  conducted  on  the  American  plan, 
the  terms  being  from  $3  to  $5  per  day.  The  building  is  of  a  mixed 
style  of  architecture,  the  three  main  fronts  being  of  stone.  It  is  six 
stories  high  above  the  basement,  massive  and  solid,  and  one  of  the 


270  MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

ornaments  and  attractions  of  the  city.  Near  the  main  entrance  on 
Clark  Street  is  a  grand  court  70X70  feet,  in  which  is  the  office,  com- 
manding a  view  of  each  entrance.  Near  the  LaSalle  Street  entrance, 
and  also  connected  with  the  grand  court,  is  an  ''exchange"  100X60 
feet.  The  parlors,  dining  halls  and  kitchen  and  culinary  depart- 
ment are  on  the  second  floor.  The  grand  parlor  fronts  on  Jackson 
Street,  and  is  100X24  feet.  The  dining  room  is  130X60  feet.  A  grand 
promenade  from  the  parlors  to  the  dining  room  is  30X130  feet,  and  the 
corridors  are  twelve  feet  wide.  In  all  there  are  over  500  rooms  in  the 
house.  The  annual  game  dinner  given  at  the  Grand  Pacific  has  become 
famous,  and  the  cuisine  on  all  occasions  is  noted  for  its  excellence. 
The  Grand  Pacific  is  the  meeting  place  of  many  clubs  and  societies,  not 
only  local  but  also  state  and  national  in  character.  It  is  also  the  principal 
headquarters  in  the  west  of  the  Kepublican  party,  and  has  been  the 
scene  of  many  exciting  political  events.  The  cost  of  the  building  was 
$1,300,000,  and  the  furniture  $360,000.  The  present  proprietors, 
John  B.  Drake  &  Co.,  took  charge  Dec.  25,  1874. 

The  Tremont  House,  on  the  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Lake  Streets, 
is  one  of  the  oldest,  best  and  most  attractive  hotels  in  the  city.  It  was 
first  erected  in  1833,  on  the  opposite  corner  of  the  street,  rebuilt  in 
1839-40  on  the  present  site,  and  again  in  1850.  It  was  remodeled 
and  greatly  improved  in  1861,  the  entire  structure  being  raised  about 
seven  feet,  and  new  foundations  placed  under  it ;  and  in  1871  it  was 
destroyed  by  the  great  fire.  The  present  structure  was  completed  in 
1874  at  a  cost  of  about  $700.000,  including  the  furniture.  The  Tre- 
mont was  founded  by  Hanson  Sweet,  and  passed  into  the  hands  of  Ira 
and  James  Couch  in  1836,  and  is  still  owned  by  the  Couch  estate.  The 
building  far  surpasses  its  predecessors  in  size  and  architectural  beauty, 
and  it  is  one  of  the  most  luxuriantly  furnished  hotels  in  the  country. 
It  covers  50.000  square  feet  of  ground.  It  is  six  stories  high  above  the 
basement,  crowned  Avith  five  towers  of  two  stories  each.  The  fronts 
are  of  Amherst  COhio)  sandstone,  carved  and  otherwise  ornamented. 
The  office  is  in  the  rotunda.  50X100  feet,  on  the  ground  floor,  and  is 
a  model  of  architectural  art.  It  is  surmounted  by  lighted  domes  and 
the  woodwork  of  black  walnut  is  very  elaborate.  The  parlors,  drawing 
and  reception  rooms  are  on  the  second  floor,  as  is  also  the  culinary 
department.  The  grand  dining  hall  is  64 v  100  feet.  There  a- e  about 
300  private  rooms  for  guests.  The  Tremont  is  conducted  on  the  Ameri- 
can plan,  the  rates  ranging  from  $3.00  to  $4.00  per  day.  It  is  popu- 
lar as  a.  family  and  business  m,en's  hotel.  It  is  farther  north  than  a,n,y 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


271 


other  first-class  hotel  in  the  city,  and  in  the  midst  of  a  busy  wholesale 
district.  John  A.  Kice  &  Co.,  the  present  proprietors,  took  charge  in 
1879. 

The  Leland  is  one  of  the  best  conducted  hotels  in  the  United  States. 
It  is  situated  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Michigan  Boulevard  and  Jack- 
son Street,  overlooking  Lake  Park  and  the  broad  expanse  of  Lake 
Michigan,  the  view  being  one  of  great  beauty  and  grandeur.  The 
great  Exposition  Building  is  just  across  the  street  on  the  northeast ; 


THE  LELAND  HOTEL,  MICHIGAN  BOULEVARD,  CORNER  JAC 

the  new  Pullman  Building— which  is  said  to  be  the  finest  business  block 
in  the  world— stands  just  one  square  north  ;  the  Chicago  Art  Institute 
is  removed  one  square  to  the  south,  while  the  Postofflce  and  Custom 
House  are  only  three  squares  away  on  the  west ;  and  the  new  Board  of 
Trade  Building  and  many  other  places  of  interest  and  note  are  in  the 
neighborhood.  The  building  is  an  imposing  brick  structure.  It  is  six 
stories  high  above  the  basement  and  is  massive  and  solid,  and  essen- 
tially fire  proof.  Each  of  the  main  fronts  is  provided  with  numerous 
iron  balconies,  and  iron  fire-escapes,  accessible  from  hallways  on  each 
floor,  furnish  easy  means  of  escape  in  case  of  fire.  The  hotel  contains 
216  rooms,  and  is  sumptuously  furnished  throughout.  It  is  more 


272  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

exclusive  than  any  other  hotel  in  Chicago,  being  the  stopping  place  of 
the  very  best  class  of  people  and  the  permanent  home  of  many  wealthy 
and  aristocratic  citizens.  It  is  conducted  on  the  American  plan,  the 
rates  ranging  from  $3.00  to  $5.00  per  day.  Warren  F.  Leland  has 
been  proprietor  and  manager  since  April,  1881. 

McCoy's  European  Hotel  is  the  best  appointed  and  most  elegant 
hotel  west  of  New  York,  conducted  exclusively  on  the  European  plan  ; 
and  it  is  the  only  strictly  first-class  European  hotel  in  Chicago.  Its 
site  was  well  chosen,  being  easily  accessible  from  all  parts  of  the  city. 
It  is  just  across  the  street  from  the  Rock  Island  and  Lake  Shore  Depot, 
and  only  one  sq'iare  away  from  the  postoffice  ;  and  it  is  adjacent  to  the 
New  Board  of  Trade  and  convenient  to  the  large  wholesale  and  retail 
stores  and  principal  places  of  amusement  and  interest.  The  locality 
is  improving  with  greater  rapidity  than  any  other  portion  of  the  city, 
and  many  massive  and  handsome  business  blocks  have  recently  been 
erected  in  the  neighborhood.  The  building  is  seven  stories  in  height 
above  the  basement,  and  is  crowned  with  three  ornamental  towers.  It 
was  designed  by  the  well-known  architect,  Greg.  Vigeant,  is  essentially 
fire  proof,  and  is  one  of  the  best  ponstructed  and  most  substantial 
hotels  in  the  world.  The  walls  are  of  red  pressed  brick,  and  the  col- 
umns, girders,  towers,  mansard,  gables  and  stairways  are  all  of  iron. 
There  is  a  large  double  fire  escape  on  each  front  of  the  building,  imme- 
diately accessible  from  hallways  on  each  floor,  and  each  contiguous 
window  is  provided  with  a  spacious  iron  balcony.  And  a  complete  iron 
stairway  in  the  court  in  the  rear,  extending  the  entire  height  of  the  build- 
ing, also  affords  easy  means  of  escape  in  case  of  fire.  The  buikling 
has  a  frontage  of  95|  feet  on  Clark  Street  and  110  on  Van.  Buren,  and  a 
court  in  the  rear  separates  it  from  all  other  buildings.  There  are  200 
rooms  for  guests,  and  each  apartment  is  luxuriously  furnished,  and  pro- 
vided with  all  modern  conveniences.  The  finish  of  the  first  two  stories 
is  of  hard  wood — oak.  The  rotunda,  in  which  is  situated  the  office 
commanding  a  view  of  each  entrance,  is  located  on  the  second  floor. 
It  is  readied  by  wide  stairways  from  both  streets,  and  by  a  superb 
hydraulic  -elevator  near  the  Van  Buren  Street  entrances.  The  three 
main  parlors  and  the  reception  and  club  rooms  are  on  the  same  floor, 
and  all  the  rooms  on  the  entire  floor  are  so  arranged  that  they  can  be 
thrown  into  one  grand  salon,  at  pleasure.  The  restaurant  is  on  the 
first  floor,  and  adjoining  the  grand  dining-hall  are  convenient  private 
dining  and  toilet-rooms.  The  five  upper  stories  are  divided  into  suites 
and  single  rooms,  each  with  natural  light  and  perfect  ventilation,  and. 


McCoys  NEW  EUROPEAN  HOTEL,  CLARK  AND  VAN  BUREN  STREETS. 


274  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

a  new  and  original  system  of  alarms  by>  which  every  guest  may  be 
immediately  awakened,  this  being  the  only  hotel  in  the  world  having 
this  device.  Everything  seems  to  have  been  done  to  make  the  house 
homelike,  comfortable  and  attractive.  The  rates  range  from  $1  a  day 
upwards.  The  cost  of  the  hotel  was  about  $500,000.  It  was  c  3m- 
pleted  and  opened  June  1,  1884,  and  has  rapidly  grown  in  popular 
favor.  Wm.  McCoy  is  the  sole  owner  and  proprietor.  The  first  Mc- 
Coy's Hotel  was  located  at  140  and  142  Madison  Street,  and  was  orig- 
inally called  Burk's  Hotel.  Mr.  McCoy  bought  it  in  1879,  and  afterward 
changed  the  name  to  McCoy's  Hotel. 

The  Sherman  House  is  on  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Kandolph 
Streets,  opposite  to  the  new  City  Hall.  The  present  building  was 
opened  to  guests  in  the  spring  of  1873.  It  is  seven  stories  high  above 
the  basement  and  has  a  tower  on  each  front  rising  two  stories  higher. 
The  fronts  are  of  Kankakee  stone,  light  brown  in  color,  and  the  entire 
building  is  solid  and  substantial.  It  fronts  181i  feet  on  Clark  Street  and 
161  feet  on  Kandolph.  There  are  about  300  rooms  for  guests.  The 
dining  room  is  115x144  feet.  Th3  Sherman  Avas  furnished  at  a  cost 
of  $300,000.  The  building  cost  $600,000.  As  a  family  hotel  it  is 
unexcelled,  and  it  is  a  popular  resort  for  the  best  cla^s  of  commercial 
travelers.  It  is  the  headquarters  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and 
the  meeting  place  of  numerous  societies.  The  first  hotel  on  the  site 
was  built  in  1836  and  was  called  the  City  Hotel.  This  was  supplanted 
in  1861  by  a  better  biiilding  which  was  destroyed  by  the  great  fire, 
1871.  The  Sherman  took  its  name  from  F.  C.  Sherman,  formerly 
mayor  of  the  city,  by  whom  it  was  built.  The  rates  ffte  from  $3.00 
to  $5.00  per  day.  J.  Irving  Pearce  has  been  the  proprietor  since 
July,  1882. 

Other  Hotels. — The  following  are  among  the  better  class  of  hotels 
not  heretofore  mentioned  :  Clifton  House,  corner  Wabash  Avenue  and 
Monroe  Street,  165  rooms,  rates  $2.50  to  $3.00  per  day.  Commercial 
Hotel,  Lake  and  Dearborn  Streets,  the  great  $2.00  per  day  house 
of  the  city  ;  300  rooms.  Matteson  House,  Wabash  Avenue  and  Jackson 
Street,  200  rooms.  $2.50  to  $3.00  per  day.  Briggs  House.  Randolph 
Street,  corner  Fifth  Avenue,  150  rooms,  $2.00  to  $2.50  per  day. 
Atlantic  Hotel,  comer  Van  Buren  and  LaSalle  Streets,  160  rooms, 
$2.00  per  day.  Gault  House,  Madison  and  Clinton  Streets  (West  Side), 
125  rooms,  $2.00  to  $2.50  per  day.  Brevoort  House  ("European  plan), 
145  Madison  Street,  125  rooms,  $1.00  to  $1.50  per  day.  Windsol 
European  Hotel,  147  Dearborn  Street,  75  cents  to  $2.00  per  day. 


REAL  ESTATE  SALES,  PROMINENT  REAL  ESTATE  DEALERS, 
AGENTS  AND  LOAN  BROKERS. 

real  estate  interests  of  Chicago  are  naturally  of  immensely 
greater  magnitude  than  any  other  line  of  investment,  and  are  grow- 
ing rapidly  and  constantly  with  the  growth  of  the  city.  This  class  of 
property  is  far  less  subject  to  violent  fluctuation  than  any  other,  and 
although  there  have  been  several  reactions  in  the  history  of  Chicago, 
resulting  from  speculative  "booms"  that  placed  prices  far  in  advance 
of  the  time,  the  market  was  never  long  in  recovering  and  carrying  up 
the  ruling  rates  more  firmly  than  before,  thus  proving  the  highest 
figures  to  have  been  merely  anticipative.  The  story  of  these  fl actua- 
tions, with  notes  of  the  rise  of  realty  in  value,  the  improvement  in 
building  operations,  the  movements  of  the  bonded  debt,  and  other 
matters  bearing  iipon  the  real  estate  interests  of  the  city,  appear  in  the 
opening  chapter  of  this  work. 

The  aggregates  of  real  estate  sales  during  the  last  decade  will  convey 
some  idea  of  the  extent  of  these  interests.  They  are  shown  in  the  fol- 
lowing table  : 

1874,  total  sales $07,871,653       1870,  total  sales $38,123,391 

1875,  "       53,149,852        1880,          "          43,682,922 

1876,  " 42,153,596        1881,          "          54,859,186 

1877,  "          38,153,291        1882,          "          65,735,185 

1878,  "          42,126,821        1883,          "          44,164,243 

Grand  total  for  ten  years,  $489,990,623.     The  sales  for  the  two  years  immedi- 

atel  /  following  the  great  fire  of  1871  were:  for  1872,  $78,183,458;  for  1873, 
$78,427,931. 

..  Nearly  all  of  this  immense  business  is  transacted  by  the  real  estate 
agents,  and  a  large  part  of  it  for  extensive  owners  who  reside  in  the 
various  money  centers  of  the  world.  Hence  there  is  great  and  wide- 
spread interest  in  the  subject,  and  a  general  desire  to  know  something 
about  those  who  handle  this  large  volume  of  investments.  With  the 
view  of  supplying  such  information,  we  present  herewith  brief  sketches 

* 

of  a  few  of  the  firms  and  individuals  engaged  in  this  line  of  business, 
together  with  special  mention  of  prominent  loan  brokers  and  others 
whose  operations  are  an  important  factor  in  the  handling  and  clevelop- 

275 


276  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

ment  of  real  property.  There  are  nearly  one  thousand  'of  these  agen- 
cies in  Chicago,  buying,  selling  and  managing  for  themselves  and 
others,  many  of  them  on  the  most  extensive  scale,  and  those  noted 
below  may  be  taken  as  fairly  representative  of  all  branches  of  the 
business. 

S.  H.  Kerfoot  &  Co.,  No.  91  Dearborn  Street.  This  firm,  composed 
of  Samuel  H.  Kerfoot,  Sr.,  and  Samuel  H.  Kerfoot,  Jr.,  is  the  oldest  real 
estate  firm  in  Chicago,  having,  in  1852,  succeeded  the  firm  of  Eees  & 
Kerfoot.  S.  H.  Kerfoot,  Sr.,  came  to  the  city  from  Maryland,  in  1848, 
and,  by  his  continuous  operations  in  real  estate  has  contributed  very 
largely  to  the  gigantic  growth  and  success  of  the  city.  The  rnila  and  a 
quarter  of  territory  on  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago  River,  in  which 
is  now  transacted  the  bulk  of  the  enormous  lumber  business  of  Chi- 
cago, was  brought  into  the  market  through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Kerfoot, 
at  a  time  when  it  was  a  beautiful  farm,  outlying  the  city.  The  effect 
upon  the  lumber  trade  alone,  by  the  addition  of  this  land  to  the  city's 
territory,  has  been  of  inestimable  value.  After  the  great  fire  (Oct.  8-9, 
1871),  this  firm  opened  its  new  office  for  business  on  the  day  following, 
October  the  10th. 

In  1875,  having  completed  his  studies,  S.  H.  Kerfoot,  Jr.,  returned 
from  Europe  and  entered  his  father's  office,  and,  on  the  first  of  January, 
1880,  he  was  admitted  to  partnership  in  the  firm.  Their  operations 
have  been  particularly  heavy  in  bulk  property,  they  having  been  the  res- 
ident agents  of  some  of  the  largest  estates  sold  in  the  city.  One  estate,  of 
about  sixty  acres,  which  originally  cost  less  than  $40,000,  was  sold,  in 
lots,  to  the  amount  of  $1,500,000,  by  them,  and  another  of  less  acre- 
age— taken  by  the  owners,  twenty-five  years  ago,  in  payment  of  a  hope- 
less debt— has,  during  the  last  four  years,  sold  for  more  than  $400,000, 
under  their  management.  They  act  largely  for  non-resident  owners, 
but  their  transactions  are  almost  entirely  confined  to  Chicago  property. 
No  rentals  receive  attention,  the  business  being  solely  that  of  purchase 
and  sale  on  firm  account,  or  on  commission,  and  placing  loans  on 
realty.  Their  maps,  atlases  and  records  are  at  all  times  open  to  their 
clients  and  the  public  generally. 

The  long  experience  of  this  firm  has  given  great  weight  to  their  knowl- 
edge and  opinions  of  not  only  the  present  values  of  real  estate,  but  of 
such  values  at  different  periods  within  the  past  thirty  years.  Conse- 
quently, such  knowledge  and  opinions  are  constantly  sought  and  given, 
both  orally  and  in  depositions,  in  litigations  as  well  as  in  amicable 
adjustments  of  claims  and  differences. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  277 

Francis  B.  Peabody  &  Co.,  No.  115  Dearborn  Street,  succeeded 
about  nine  years  ago  to  the  firm  of  Gallop  <fc  Peabody,  which  was  estab- 
lished in  186(5.  For  about  ten  years  prior  to  1866  Mr.  Peabody  was 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  this  city,  but  since  that  date  he 
has  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  the  business  of  investing  money 
upon  mortage  loans  in  Chicago  and  vicinity.  During  that  period  he 
has  placed  many  millions  of  dollars  for  Eastern  capitalists  and  corpora- 
tions, seeking  safe  investment  for  their  surplus  funds;  and,  during  his 
long  experience,  he  has  found  mortgages  on  Chicago  realty  to  be  as 
safe  and  reliable  investments  as  government  bonds — and  at  the  same 
time  much  more  productive.  Mr.  Peabody's  legal  training,  his  long 
experience  in  his  present  business,  and  his  thorough  familiarity  with 
Chicago  real  estate  and  its  values,  have  obtained  for  him  the  fullest 
confidence  of  investors.  The  junior  partners  in  the  firm  are  James  L. 
Houghteling  and  Francis  S.  Peabody,  both  men  of  high  character  and 
standing  in  the  community,  and  thoroughly  posted  in  the  business. 
The  house  affords  to  borrowers  a  convenient  and  reliable  source  of  ob- 
taining such  funds  as  they  require  and  to  capitalists  a  safe  medium  of 
investment. 

Baird  &  Bradley,  No.  90  LaSalle  Street,  are  successors  to  L.  D. 
Olmsted  &  Co.,  established  in  1857  by  L.  D.  Olnisted,  Lyman  Baird 
becoming  a  partner  in  1860.  At  Mr.  Olmsted's  death  in  1862  Francis 
Bradley  was  admitted,  and  in  1864  the  name  of  the  firm  was  changed 
to  Baird  &  Bradley.  The  transactions  of  the  firm  have  always  been 
largely  devoted  to  placing  loans  on  real  estate  for  Eastern  corporations 
and  capitalists,  and  formerly  an  extensive  life  and  fire  insurance  bus- 
iness was  also  done.  Some  years  ago  a  real  estate  and  renting  depart- 
ment was  added,  which,  together  with  the  loan  department,  has  grown 
to  very  large  proportions. 

James  B.Goodman  &  Co.,  68  Washington  Street,  stand  in  the  front 
rank  of  the  real  estate  houses  of  the  city.  *The  firm  consists  of  Jas.  B. 
Goodman  and  Marvin  A.  Farr,  both  gentleman  of  long  experience  and 
thoroughly  posted  in  real  estate  matters.  They  do  a  general  real  estate 
business.  One  of  their  specialties  has  been  the  handling  of  property 
desirable  for  packing  house  purposes.  They  have  been  very  successful 
in  this  line,  having  sold  to  most  of  the  great  packing  establishments 
at  the  stockyards,  the  sites  of  which  are  advantageously  and  satisfac- 
torily located.  An  important  feature  of  their  business  is  the  handling 
of  valuable  tracts  of  timber,  mining  and  farming  lands,  of  which  they 
control  a  quarter  of  a  ifiilliou  of  acres  in  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  alone. 


278  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Malcom  McNeill  &  Bros.,  92  East  Washington  Street,  constitute 
one  of  the  most  enterprising  and  promising  real  estate  firms  in  the 
city.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  Malcom,  B.  F.  and  A.  C.  McNeill, 
all  ranking  high  as  active  and  successful  business  men,  and  thoroughly 
posted  in  their  line.  Their  acknowledged  integrity,  thorough  experi- 
ence and  reliable  judgment  offer  advantages  "which  practical  investors, 
especially  n  realty  and  real  estate  securities  appreciate,  and  hence 
the  house,  established  no  longer  ago  than  March,  1886,  already  com- 
mands an  extensive  and  still  increasing  clientage,  and  holds  a  long  list 
of  desirable  city,  suburban  and  country  properties  for  sale  or  exchange. 
They  also  collect  rents  and  negotiate  loans  on  favorable  terms,  and 
transact  a  considerable  business  as  private  bankers.  They  are  con- 
versant with  all  the  best  opportunities  for  sale  or  purchase,  keep  con- 
stantly posted  on  the  growth  and  prospects  of  localities,  and  hence  are 
resorted  to  with  entire  confidence  by  all  parties  seeking  reliable  infor- 
mation and  advice  in  regard  to  real  estate  matters.  This  house  is  per- 
fectly responsible  and  trustworthy,  and  conducts  every  transaction 
with  a  careful  regard  for  the  interest  of  the  patrons  in  whose  behalf  it 
was  undertaken. 

Bernard  F.  Weber,  real  estate  and  loans,  Rooms  15  and  16,  84 
LaSalle  Street.  Mr.  Weber  began  in  the  real  estate  business  in  1870. 
He  was  afterward  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Miller,  Weber  &  Blumen- 
thal  for  about  two  years,  then  B.  F.  Weber  &  Co.,  then  in  partner- 
ship with  Godfrey  Schmid.  As  Weber  &  Schmid  the  firm  was  dis- 
solved in  1883,  since  which  time  Mr.  Weber  has  conducted  business 
alone.  He  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  among  the  dealers  in  suburban 
property,  making  a  specialty  of  subdivisions  for  residence  settlements. 
He  has  in  charge  at  the  present  time  a  large  subdivision  in  the  north 
end  of  Lake  View,  which  is  to  be  named  High  Ridge,  and  makes  a 
specialty  of  Lake  View  and  Evanston  property.  He  also  has  in  charge 
other  subdivisions  in  Ravenswood,  and  other  desirable  suburban  locali- 
ties. He  buys  and  sells  real  estate  on  his  own  account  as  well  as  upon 
commission,  and  loans  money  upon  real  estate  and  mortgage  security. 
He  does  a  purely  real  estate  business,  and  undertakes  no  collecting. 
He  enjoys  a  large  patronage,  always  having  a  fine  list  of  desirable  sub- 
urban properties  on  hand.  His  facilities  for  the  transaction  of  a 
legitimate  real  estate  business  are  not  excelled  by  those  of  any  firm  in 
the  city, 

Barnard  &  Calkins,  real  estate  dealers,  etc.,  109  LaSalle  Street. 
This  representative  business  house,  the  principals  of  which  are  M.  R, 


MARQUIS"  HAND-BOOK  OP  CHICAGO.  279 

Barnard  and  C.  R.  Calkins,  occupies  commodious,  convenient  and 
centrally  located  offices,  specially  fitted  up  for  their  business,  at  109 
LaSalle  Street,  in  the  old  Chamber  of  Commerce.  This  firm  takes 
charge  of  every  description  of  real  property,  securing  good  tenants, 
collecting  rents,  paying  taxes,  and  having  the  sole  charge  of  property 
•when  desired;  it  buys  and  sells  on  commission,  city  and  suburban  real 
estate  improved  and  unimproved,  negotiates  loans,  and  effects  mort- 
gages in  large  or  small  sums  in  Cook  County  when  the  security  offered 
is  beyond  question.  It  assumes  the  care  and  management  of  commer- 
cial and  residence  property,  paying  the  same  attention  to  all  business 
intrusted  to  them  that  they  do  to  their  own  property.  The  members 
of  this  house  are  connected  with  the  Chicago  real  estate  board,  and 
take  an  active  interest  in  everything  that  pertains  to  the  welfare  of 
the  great  metropolitan  commercial  center  of  the  West.  This  firm  has 
enjoyed  a  -prosperous  career,  its  business  having  increased  from  year  to 
year,  and  its  affairs  are  conducted  with  enterprise  and  good  judgment. 
It  enjoys  the  confidence  and  patronage,  to  a  large  extent,  of  capitalists 
and  landed  proprietors. 

John  N.  Young,  real  estate  and  loans,  204  Chicago  Opera  House 
Block.  Mr.  Young  established  this  business  in  1868,  coming  here  from 
Peoria.  He  possesses  superior  facilities  for  the  transaction  of  business, 
and  owns  large  tracts  of  Chicago  realty.  He  handles  much  city  and 
suburban  property  in  almost  every  locality  for  others,  and  can  offer  it 
on  terms  to  suit  customers.  He  gives  special  and  faithfiil  attention  to 
the  management  of  rental  properties,  making  them  as  remunerative  as 
possible.  He  is  a  recognized  authority  on  values,  and  many  fortunes 
have  been  made  in  consequence  of  taking  his  advice  relative  to  specu- 
lative purchases.  Mr.  Young  effects  loans  on  bonds  and  mortgages  at 
low  interest  and  on  satisfactory  terms.  He  is  held  in  high  estimation 
by  the  business  community. 

Charles  P.  Silva,  real  estate  and  loans,  133  LaSalle  Street.  This 
gentleman,  formerly  of  the  firm  of  Hopkinson  &  Silva,  has  transacted 
a  general  real  estate  and  loan  business  since  18G5.  His  offices  are 
centrally  located,  and  he  buys  and  sells  realty  personally  and  upon 
commission,  and  manages  several  valuable  estates,  including  the  Rhodes 
estate,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  the  estates  of  H.  J.  Ward,  of  Wisconsin, 
and  William  HopKinson.  He  is  also  agent  for  the  Morgan  Park  prop- 
erty, unexcelled  for  residence  purposes.  Long  experience  and  an  inti- 
mate knowledge  of  values  give  Mr.  Silva  unsurpassed  advantages,  and 
he  has  made  many  large  and  satisfactory  deals  for  his  clients.  By 


280  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

industry  and  fidelity  he  has  attained  the  confidence  of  owners  and 
investors,  and  an  unexcelled  business  standing. 

Byron  A.  Baldwin  &  Co.,  real  estate  and  mortgage  loans,  154 
Washington  Street.  This  firm  is  composed  of  Messrs.  Byron  A.  Bald- 
win, member  of  the  Chicago  real  estate  board;  Jas.  W.  D.  Kelley,  secre- 
tary of  the  Bookkeepers'  Building  and  Loan  Association,  and  "Walter 
S.  Baldwin,  notary  public.  Mr.  Byron  A.  Baldwin  owns  a  considerable 
amount  of  city  and  suburban  property,  and  the  firm  does  a  large  busi- 
ness in  selling  real  estate  on  commission,  negotiating  mortgage  loans, 
collecting  rents,  managing  estates,  paying  taxes  and  protecting  the 
interests  of  non-resident  and  local  owners.  They  are  now  placing  on 
the  market  155  choice  lots  in  Maplewood,  known  as  "Byron  A.  Bald- 
win's Subdivision,"  which  fronts  south  on  Humboldt  Boulevard  about 
500  feet  west  of  California  Avenue.  The  close  proximity  of  Maple- 
wood  to  the  business  center  of  Chicago  makes  it  a  desirable  residence 
section  for  those  who  wish  to  reach  the  city  quickly  and  secure  homes 
at  a  moderate  price.  The  rapid  growth  of  this  attractive  suburb  is 
unprecedented;  present  population  over  20,000  and  rapidly  increasing. 
Mr.  Baldwin  also  owns  two  blocks  of  city  property,  consisting  of 
seventy-four  lots  fronting  on  Central  Park  Boulevard,  Kedzie  Avenue, 
Tray  Street  and  Albany  Avenue,  located  east  of  and  near  Garfield  Park. 
This  first-class  city  residence  property  is  just  being  put  on  the  market 
at  such  prices  as  will  insure  its  rapid  sale  and  improvement.  The  busi- 
ness of  Byron  A.  Baldwin  &  Co.  is  large  and  steadily  increasing,  their 
promptness  and  reliability  being  such  that  they  give  satisfaction  to 
their  clients  in  all  their  dealings. 

Schraeder  Brothers,  real  estate  brokers,  No.  80  East  Washington 
Street.  The  business  of  this  widely-known  and  enterprising  house  was 
established  in  1865,  and  has  steadily  increased  ever  since.  The  firm 
deal  both  in  city  and  suburban  realty.  Their  long  practical  experience 
in  the  biisiness  has  given  them  a  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  value 
both  present  and  prospective,  of  all  kinds  of  business  and  residence 
property,  and  they  have  on  their  books  full  descriptions  of  desirable 
property  offered  for  sale,  and  freely  advise  those  contemplating  mak- 
ing purchases.  They  effect  leases  on  bond  and  mortgage  securities 
to  the  safety  and  profit  of  the  investor,  and  at  the  same  time  to  the 
advantage  of  the  purchaser.  The  Schraeder  Brothers  make  a  specialty 
of  taking  the  entire  charge  and  business  management  of  property, 
securing  reliable  and  prompt  paying  tenants,  collecting  rents,  making 
necessary  repairs,  placing  insurance,  paying  taxes,  etc.,  and  insuring 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  281 

the  greatest  possible  net  income  of  the  property.  Their  commercial 
connections  are  of  a  superior  character,  and  they  have  won  a  high 
reputation  for  sterling  business  methods,  and  fair  and  liberal  treat- 
ment of  their  patrons. 

Greenebaum  Sons,  mortgage  bankers,  3  16  and  118  LaSalle  Street 
This  business,  established  in  1855  by  Elias  Greenebaum,  is  conducted 
by  him  and  his  sons,  Messrs.  H.  E.  and  M.  E.  Greenebaum.  They 
negotiate  loans  on  real  estate  and  place  investments.  This  firm  stands 
high  among  the  financial  institutions  of  Chicago,  and  has  placed  mill- 
ions of  dollars  for  clients  safely  and  profitably.  Long  experience 
gives  them  unsurpasss*!  facilities  for  placing  loans  and  their  accurate 
knowledge  of  values  makes  their  house  a  safe  and  reliable  medium  for 
advantageous  investments,  while  their  established  reputation  for  fair 
dealing  affords  borrowers  a  reliable  source  of  supply  for  needed  funds. 
The  firm  has  the  fullest  confidence  of  investors  and  does  a  large  busi- 
ness in  first  mortgages  on  Chicago  and  suburban  real  estate. 

J.  A.  Bartlett,  real  estate  and  loans,  152  La  Salle  Street.  Mr.  Bart- 
lett  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and  public-spirited  men  in  real 
estate  circles  in  Chicago,  having  been  a  resident  of  the  city  for  more 
than  thirty  years,  and  been  identified  with  the  real  estate  interests  for 
seventeen  years.  He  has  been  zealous  and  active,  and  has  secured  a 
large  clientage  among  the  leading  landed  proprietors  and  owners  of 
commercial  blocks  and  residence  property.  He  is  a  resident  of  Engle- 
wood,  and  has  the  charge  of  extensive  properties  both  in  Englewood 
and  Normal  Park.  He  negotiates  loans,  collects  rents,  both  of  residence 
property  and  commercial  blocks,  and  pays  special  attention  to  the 
property  of  non-residents,  or  persons  who  are  unable  to  attend  per- 
sonally to  their  own  affairs.  His  office  at  room  15,  152  La  Salle  Street, 
conveniently  located,  is  fitted  up  with  perfect  adaptation  for  his  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Bartlett  has  enjoyed  a  prosperous  business  career,  and  his 
affairs  are  conducted  with  enterprise  and  rare  judgment. 

J.  F.  Lyon,  real  estate,  177  LaSalle  Street,  established  this  business 
in  1875.  He  handles  all  descriptions  of  city  and  subuiban  realty,  em- 
bracing commercial  blocks,  residence  property  and  tenement  houses, 
both  on  his  own  account  and  on  commission.  His  chief  business 
is  on  the  West  side,  and,  aided  by  his  appointment  as  notary  pub- 
lic, he  does  a  large  business  in  conveyancing,  examining  and  per- 
fecting titles,  executing  deeds,  and  attends  to  every  detail  of  purchas- 
ing or  transferring  real  estate.  He  has  superior  facilities  for  effecting 
loans  on  bonds  and  mortgages  at  favorable  rates,  and  is  enabled  to  place 


2826  MARQUIS1  HAND-BOOK   OF  CHICAGO. 

mission,  and  give  special  attention  to  the  care  and-  management  of 
property  for  non-residents,  rent  property,  collect  rents  and  pay  taxes. 
They  have  also  been  very  successful  in  buying  acre  property  suitable 
for  subdivision  and  sale  in  lots,  their  transactions  in  this  line  proving 
profitable  to  all  concerned.  They  handled  a  very  large  amount  of  resi- 
dence property  during  the  past  few  years,  especially  on  the  South 
Side,  having  extensive  and  desirable  property  along  Drexel  and  Grand 
Boulevards,  and  in  the  attractive  Kenwood  section,  in  Hyde  Park  and 
along  the  lake  shore,  and  along  the  route  of  the  suburban  trains  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Eailroad,  in  all  of  which  their  list  embraces  many  of 
the  handsomest  and  most  favorable  building  sites  to  be  found  any- 
where around  the  city.  The  firm  brings  a  large  experience  to  bear  in 
all  its  transactions,  and  occupies  a  leading  position  in  the  business. 

Nelson  Thomasson,  Room  3,  northwest  corner  of  Washington  and 
Dearborn  Streets,  is  both  agent  and  dealer,  giving  his  attention  to  buy- 
ing and  selling  for  himself  and  others.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  busi- 
ness property  (stores)  and  boulevard  and  acre  property,  and  has  con- 
ducted some  extensive  transactions,  especially  in  acre  property,  from 
which  his  clients  have  realized  large  profits.  In  one  case  he  made 
$40,000  for  a  client  by  an  investment  in  Pitner's  subdivision.  He  is 
also  very  successful  in  favorably  locating  manufactories,  and  has  se- 
cured many  advantageous  sites,  especially  along  the  Belt  Railway. 
He  established  the  present  business  in  1870,  and  his  long  experience 
enables  him  to  avail  himself  of  all  desirable  opportunities,  which  ad- 
vantage he  employs  freely  for  the  advancement  of  the  interest  of  his 
extensive  list  of  patrons. .  He  always  has  a  list  of  desirable  property  to 
offer  investors  at  great  bargains.  As  to  personal  standing  he  refers 
to  all  Chicago  banks. 

F.  A.  Bragg  &  Co.,  95  Washington  Street,  do  an  extensive  business 
in  buying  and  selling  real  estate,  negotiating  loans,  renting  and  collect- 
ing and  generally  managing  property  for  non-residents  and  others.  Mr. 
Bragg,  who  has  been  a  resident  of  Chicago  for  a  third  of  a  century, 
established  his  business  in  1867,  and  has  been  remarkably  successful 
in  it.  For  about  nine  years  he  was  City  Superintendent  of  Assess- 
ments, in  which  position  he  acquired  information  of  great  advantage 
in  his  present  pursuit ;  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  late  war  he  was  First 
Assistant  Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department,  Few  men  are  as  well  posted 
in  Chicago  property,  or  command  as  implicitly  the  confidence  of  own- 
ers and  investors. 


^hc  financial 

THE  NATIONAL,  STATE  AND  SAVINGS  BANKS,  BANKESS  AND 
CLEARING  HOUSE  STATISTICS. 

THEEE  are  seventeen  National  banks  in  Chicago,  with  a  combined 
cash  capital  of  $14,700,000,  and  a  total  siirplus  of  more  than 
$2,000,000.  There  are  thirteen  state  banks  (including  three  savings 
banks)  with  a  combined  capital  of  $5,536,700,  and  a  total  surplus  of 
$3,112,000.  There  are  also  twenty-four  private  banking  houses,  and 
two  branch  Canadian  banks,  employing  a  large  capital.  Thus  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  total  banking  capital  of  the  city  is  not  less  than  $26,- 
000,000.  According  to. the  statements  returned  to  the  Clearing  House* 
in  Dec.  31,  1886,  the  twenty  banks  belonging  to  the  association  had 
on  deposit  $97,635,979,  and  their  loans  at  the  same  date  amounted 
$79,112,291.46. 

The  National  Bank  of  Illinois  is  one  of  the  strongest  monetary 
institutions  in  the  west.  It  was  organized  Sept.  1, 1871,  and  although 
not  as  old  as  some  of  the  other  city  banks,  it  long  ago  attained  a  repu- 
tation for  financial  worth  and  integrity,  and  acquired  a  business 
patronage  of  such  extensive  proportions  as  to  place  it  in  the  very  front 
rank  of  the  leading  banking  organizations  of  the  country.  Its  man- 
agement from  the  outset  embraced  a  most  substantial  array  of  exper- 
ience and  success  in  financial  lines,  including  some  of  the  leading  and 
most  prominent  business  men  and  financiers  in  Chicago,  and  at  once 
commanded  the  fullest  confidence  of  the  public.  Founded  just  before 
the  great  fire  of  1871,  its  funds  had  not  been  loaned  out  to  any  great 
extent  when  that  memorable  conflagration  swept  so  much  of  the  city 
to  destruction.  Hence,  it  escaped  the  losses — if  not  the  utter  ruin — 
that  bore  so  heavily  upon  some  of  its  contemporaries  at  that  time.  Its 
first  location  was  at  No.  95  Washington  Street,  and  its  initial  capital 
was  $500,000.  The  latter  has  since  been  increased  to  $1,000,000, 
and  there  is  an  accumulated  surplus  fund  of  $300,000.  Its  average 
deposits  amount  to  over  $5,000,000,  and  its  stock  is  quoted  at  $1.45 


*  See  Clearing  House  Association,  page  266. 


284  MARQUIS'  HAND  BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

on  the  dollar.  There  has  not  been  a  year  in  the  history  of  the  bank 
that  it  has  not  made  substantial  progress,  having  gone  steadily  forward 
from  the  very  first.  It  transacts  all  business  pertaining  to  legitimate 
banking  operations.  Keceives  deposits,  discounts  commercial  paper, 
makes  collections,  deals  in  U.  S.  and  home  securities  and  foreign  ex- 
change, issues  letters  of  credit,  etc.  Its  correspondents  at  the  principal 
monetary  centers  are  of  the  highest  standing,  and  it  has  responsible 
connections  at  all  desirable  collection  points.  Unlike  many  of  the  banks 
in  Chicago,  its  transactions  are  not  limited  to  any  particular  line  of 
trade  or  manufacture,  but  embrace  every  branch  of  commercial  enter- 
prise, and  are  therefore  of  the  most  diversified  character.  On  the  20th 
of  Feb.,  1885,  Grannis  Block,  in  which  the  bank  had  its  home,  was 
burned  to  the  ground,  but  before  the  part  of  the  structure  in  which 
it  was  situated  was  fairly  afire,  steps  had  been  taken  to  procure  another 
office,  and  on  the  following  morning  it  opened  within  five  minutes  of 
the  usual  time,  and  made  its  appearance  at  the  clearing  house  with 
accustomed  regularity.  Mr.  Geo.  Schneider,  the  president  of  the  bank, 
and  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Bradley,  vice-president,  have  occupied  these  positions 
from  the  date  of  its  organization.  Mr.  W.  A.  Hammond,  cashier,  and 
Mr.  Geo.  A.  McKay,  assistant  cashier,  both  entered  the  bank  within  six 
mouths  after  it  was  opened,  and  each  has  successively  filled  every  posi- 
tion from  the  lowest  up  to  the  responsible  place  he  now  occupies.  The 
Grannis  Block,  Nos.  109  to  115  Dearborn  Street,  will  be  immediately 
rebuilt  and  will  hereafter  be  called  th  •  Illinois  Bank  Building.  It  will 
be  an  elegant  and  thoroughly  fire  proof  structure,  and  will  be  re-oc- 
upied  as  the  permanent  home  of  the  National  Bank  of  Illinois. 

Charles  Henrotin,  115  Dearborn  Street,  dealer  in  bonds,  stocks  and 
commercial  paper,  conducts  a  business  that  is  in  the  aggregate  an  im- 
portant factor  in  the  financial  and  commercial  prosperity  of  Chicago. 
He  deals  specially  in  investment  securities,  of  the  highest  order,  and 
the  large  amount  of  securities  handled  by  him  annually  is  a  significant 
indication  of  the  preference  of  the  capital  of  the  country  for  invest- 
ments hi  this  section.  Mr.  Henrotin  established  his  business  in  1878. 
Prior  to  that  time  he  had  been  connected  continuoiasly  from  1860  with 
one  of  the  strongest  financial  institutions  in  the  city,  for  twelve  years  of 
the  time  as  its  cashier.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  the  purchase  and  sale 
of  first  mortgage  bonds,  especially  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul, 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  the  Chicago  &  Alton,  and  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroads.  He  also  handles  a  large  amount  of  local 
and  railroad  stocks  and  first-class  commercial  paper,  and  always  has  an 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


285 


extensive  and  desirable  line  of  securities  for  the  inspection  and  selec- 
tion of  investors.  His  long  experience  gives  him  special  qualifications 
for  the  judicious  investment  of  funds  for  capitalists,  trustees  of  estates, 
etc.  Mr.  Henrotin  has  been  President  of  the  Stock  Exchange  for  two 
consecutive  years,  is  Consul  at  this  port  for  Belgium  and  Turkey,  and 
holds  a  high  rank  as  a  business  man  and  financier. 

The  First  National  Bank  is  one  of  the  great  institutions  of  Chicago  ; 
and  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  it  has  been  a  prominent  landmark 
in  the  monetary  system  of  the  city,  and,  in  fact,  of  the  country.  It  was 


THE  FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK,  CORNFR  DEARBORN  AND  MONROE  STS. 

founded  in  1 803,  with  a  capital  of  $300,000,  and  with  E.  Aiken  as  pres- 
ident, Samuel  Nickerson  as  vice-president,  and  E.  E.  Braisted,  cashier, 
and  at  once  entered  on  a  career  of  prosperity  that  has  never  been 
broken.  It  has  steadily  grown  in  strength  and  influence  from  the  date 
of  its  organization,  inc.easing  its  capital  from  time  to  time,  until  it  is 
now  the  largest  of  any  national  bank  west  of  New  York  City.  The  first 
president  held  his  office  until  his  death,  in  1867,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  Samuel  Nickerson,  the  present  incumbent.  Mr.  Lyman 
J.  Gage  became  cashier  in  1868,  and  continued  in  that  position  until 
his  election  to  the  vice-presidency  in  1882.  H.  K.  Symonds  succeeded 


286  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Mr.  Gage  in  the  cashiership,  H.  M.  Kingman  and  K.  J.  Street  becoming 
first  and  second  assistants  respectively.  The  "  First  National  Bank" 
was  re-chartered  in  1882,  with  a  capital  of  $3,000,000  ;  it  has  a  sur- 
plus capital  of  $500,000  ;  its  average  deposits  amount  to  about  $16,- 
000,000,  and  its  stock  is  quoted  at  $2.00  to  $2.25  on  the  dollar.  The 
bank  transacts  all  business  pertaining  to  legitimate  banking  opera- 
tions, both  domestic  and  foreign.  It  receives  deposits,  discounts  com- 
mercial paper,  makes  collections,  deals  in  United  States  and  home 
securities  and  sterling  exchange,  issues  letters  of  credit,  etc.  It  has 
established  correspondents  in  London,  Paris  and  other  European  cap- 
itals to  assist,  through  the  purchase  and  sale  of  foreign  exchange,  in 
that  great  interchange  of  industrial  products  by  which  the  value  of 
human  labor  is  everywhere  made  more  effective.  The  bank  is  also 
prepared  to  invest  moneys  for  estates  and  trusts,  under  order  of  court 
or  otherwise,  in  designated  securities,  which  it  will  hold  separately  for 
such  trusts,  etc.,  and  will  collect  the  interest  and  coupons  upon  same 
for  reinvestment  or  otherwise,  upon  moderate  charges.  The  home  of  the 
bank  is  a  magnificent  structure  on  the  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Monroe 
Streets,  and  the  banking  office  proper  is  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in 
the  world.  It  is  95X195  feet ;  the  floor  is  laid  in  mosaic  of  black  and 
white  marble,  and  the  counters  of  vari-colored  marble  are  finished  in 
cherry  and  plate  glass. 

N.  W.  Harris  &  Co.,  the  well-known  investment  bankers,  removed 
to  the  finely  appointed  offices  now  occupied  by  them  in  Montauk 
Block,  Nos  115  and  117  East  Monroe  Street,  on  the  1st  of  May,  1885. 
Established  in  1882,  the  business  was  not  long  in  assuming  large  pro- 
portions. It  has  grown  steadily  and  rapidly,  and  the  transactions 
now  aggregate  several  millions  of  dollars  annually.  The  Messrs.  Harris 
confine  their  transactions  mainly  to  that  branch  of  the  banking  busi- 
ness popularly  known  as  investment  banking,  making  a  specialty  of 
the  purchase  and  sale  of  county,  city,  town  and  school  bonds. 

S.  A.  Kean  &  Co.  (S.  A.  Kean  and  John  Farson),  successors  to  Pres- 
ton, Kean  &  Co.,  one  of  the  leading  banking  houses  of  Chicago,  are 
located  at  No.  100  East  Washington  Street,  where  they  have  been  for 
twelve  years.  The  old  house  was  founded  by  S.  A.  Kean,  who  began 
business  in  1860.  In  1861  Mr.  D.  Preston  became  connected  with  the 
house,  and  in  1872  the  firm  became  Preston,  Kean  &  Co.,  and  so 
remained  until  February,  1885,  when  the  present  firm  was  organized. 
Through  all  this  time,  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  Mr.  Kean  had 
been  the  active  manager  of  the  business,  and  it  was  to  his  energy  and 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


287 


ability  that  the  house  owed  its  remarkable  success,  growing  from  a 
small  beginning  to  the  highest  eminence  in  financial  circles.  The 
operations  of  the  bank  increased  rapidly  after  the  fire  of  1871,  and  it 
acquired  the  largest  private  banking  and  investment  business  west  of 
New  York.  Messrs.  Kean  &  Co.  transact  all  departments  of  the  banking 
business,  receiving  the  accounts  of  merchants,  bankers  and  others, 
advancing  money  on  good  collaterals,  discounting  approved  paper, 

buying   and  selling   ex- 
1  %        change  on  the  principal 
European  cities,  etc. 
They  also  deal  largely  in 
government,    state    and 
municipal  bonds  and  lo- 
cal securities,  and  dur- 
ing the  year  just  ended 
they  have  effected  sales 
of   bonds  amounting  to 
millions  of    dollars.      A 
special  feature  of   their 
business  is  the  negotia- 
tion   of     county,     city, 
town  and  school  district 
securities,  frequently 
buying  the  entire  issues 
of  such  bonds  and  nego- 
tiating them  to  the  ad- 
vantage    alike     of     the 
municipality,    the    pur- 
chaser and   themselves. 
They  also  deal  largelj'  in 
government    land    war- 
rants and  scrip,  available 
in  payment  for  govern- 
ment lands.    The  rapid  growth  of  the  operations  of  the  bank  has  neces- 
sitated the  establishment  of  a  New  York  office,  Avhich  has  been  recently 
opened  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Wall  Street  for  the  facilitation  of 
their  investment  business  in  the  East.    Messrs.  Kean  &  Co.  are  also 
publishers  of  a  valuable  digest  of  laws  governing  tha  issue  of  securities 
which,  in  consequence  of  their  extended  experience  in  such  mrtters, 
is  regarded  as  the  highest  authority. 


S.  A,  KEAN  &  Co,,  BANKERS,  100  WASHINGTON  ST. 


288 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


Bank  clearings  through  the  Chicago  Clearing  Housef  (from  1866 
to  1886,  inclusive): 


1866...  $    453,798,648.11 

1867 ".".".".".".       580,727,331.43 

1868 723,293,144.91 

1869 734,604,949.9! 

1870 810,676,036.28 

1871 868,9:56,754.20 

1872  993,«.6O,5O8.47 

1873 I,047,027.s2-:.:i:! 

1874 1,101, 347,948. 41 

1875 1,212,817,207.54 

1876 1,010,092,624.37 


1877 $1,044,678,475.70 

1878 967,184,093.07 

1879 1,257,756,124.31 

1880...                          .  1,725,684,894.85 

1881 2.229,097,45060 

1882 2,366,536,855.00 

1883..                            ..  2,525,622,944.00 

1884...               2,259,680,391.74 

1885...                 2,318,579,003.07 

1886 2,604,762,912.35 


The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  National  banks: 


NAME. 

CAPITAL,. 

SURPLUS. 

$1,000,000 
700,000 
300,000 
1,000,000 
2,OOO,OOO 
250,000 
3,000,000 
300,000 
25O,OOO 
500,000 
500,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
200,000 
200,000 
2,000,000 
500,000 

$    100,000 
200,000 
133,000 
38,000 
750,000 
80,000 
100,000 
1,000,000 
100,000 
1  40,000 
350,000 
50,000 
9,5OO 
300,000 
171,000 

*Atlas  

'Commercial 

'Continental                            

Drovers'                              

*First             ...               

*Hide  and  Leather  

Home           

'Metropolitan                              

'National  Bank  of  America       

'Northwestern  National  Bank  

Park     .                            

*Union   .                 

Union  Stock  Yards  

$14,700,000 

$2,335,500 

tSee  Chicago  Clearing  House  Association,  page  266. 

*Banks  marked  thus  belong  to  the  Clearing  House  Association. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  state  and  savings  banks,  with 
their  capital: 


NAME. 

CAPITAL. 

SURPLUS. 

Chicago  Trust  and  Savings  Bank 

$    500  000 

*Corn  Exchange  

1  000  000 

$    500,000 

Dime  Savings  

50  000 

'Hibernian  Banking  Association  

111,000 

*Home  Savings  

Illinois  Trust,  and  Savings                                         

500  000 

286,000 

'International  

50O  000 

Merchants'  Loan  and  Trust  Company    

2  000,000 

1,000,000 

'Prairie  State,  Loan  and  Trust  Companv  

1  nn.oiid 

51,000 

'Eock  Savings  ".  

10O,OOO 

'Traders  

200,000 

+T  went  v-  Second  Street    

'Union  Trust  Company  

125  OOO 

389,000 

United  States  Bank  

300,000 

'Banks  marked  thus  belong  to  the  Clearing  House  Association, 
tCapital  not  reported. 


PROMINENT  AND  INTERESTING  MERCANTILE  AND  MANUFACTUR- 
ING ESTABLISHMENTS. 

AMONG  the  most  interesting  features  of  Chicago  are  her  great  fac- 
tories, salesrooms  and  counting-houses,  many  of  which  have  had 
such  prominent  part  in  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  business  interests 
of  the  city  that  their  history  would  be,  in  fact,  a  business  history  of 
Chicago.  A  work  of  this  kind  would,  therefore,  be  incomplete  unless 
this  important  element  had  some  representation  in  it ;  but  of  the  large 
number  of  representative  firms  whose  establishments  and  business 
methods  fairly  illustrate  the  spirit  of  enterprise  that  has  built  up  the 
great  commercial  interests  of  the  city,  and  that  is  still  reaching  out  for 
new  fields  to  conquer,  we  have  space  to  note  only  the  few  which  follow. 


Among  the  many  topics  discussed  in  the  political  economies,  none  is 
of  so  absorbing  interest  or  pre-eminent  importance  as  that  of  trade, 
the  great  mainspring  actuating  the  wheels  of  industry  and  influencing 
the  prosperity  of  persons,  communities  and  nations. 

As  in  all  other  spheres  of  life,  so  in  trade  leaders  spring  up  in  the 
various  branches,  who,  by  their  enterprise,  make  famous  the  town  or 
city  favored  by  its  presence,  and  to  whom  redounds  the  credit  of  good 
works.  The  requirements  of  modern  commerce  elevate  each  branch 
of  trade  to  the  rank  of  a  science  to  be  carefully  studied  and  progres- 
sively followed,  and  the  law  of  the  survival  of  the  fittest  is  absolute. 
This  must  refer  in  large  proportion  to  the  dealer  in  art  manufactures, 
who  must  have  a  strong  infusion  of  art  knowledge  and  appreciation, 
not  unmixed  with  mercantile  vim — the  mainspring  evolving  science — 
the  foundation  of  all  the  higher  occupations  of  life.  In  no  field 
of  industry  has  progress  been  so  remarkable  as  that  of  wall  paper. 
In  I860  the  entire  manufacture  in  this  line  in  America  amounted 
to  barely  $2,000,000,  and  to  meet  the  requirements  as  much 
more  had  to  be  imported.  The  production  has  now  grown  to  $12,- 
000,000  annually,  while  the  imports  have  fallen  to  $150,000. 
One-third  of  the  grand  total  of  this  trade  is  handled  through  Chicago, 


290 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


although  not  a  single  piece  of  paper-hangings  has  been  manufactured 
west  of  the  Alleghenies.  This  astonishing  fact  leads  us  to  seek  some 
cogent  reason  for  its  existence.  A  brief  sketch  of  the  history  of  the 
trade  will  furnish  an  answer.  In  1854  a  young,  active  mechanic,  just 
out  of  his  apprenticeship  and  full  of  ambition  and  vigor,  came  to  the 
city  with  a  few  hundred  dollars  and  keen  business  ability.  His  enter- 
prise found  friends  and  enemies.  The  former  encouraged  him  to  greater 
ambition,  while  the  latter  spurred  his  enterprise  to  increased  effort. 
The  foundation  of  future  success  was  laid  deeply  while  quietly  working 
at  his  business;  the  value  of  a  day  was  learned  and  time  became  to  him 
a  very  sacred  thing.  Thrift  followed,  and  the  largest  wall  paper  house  in 

the  world  was  thus  founded  in 
Chicago  by  John  J.  McGrath.  His 
refined  appreciation  of  the  art  in- 
volved in  his  business  induced 
him  to  constantly  send  able  art- 
ists to  Europe  for  the  sole  purpose 
of  getting  the  most  advanced  ideas 
and  the  best  works  of  designers 
of  the  highest  celebrity,  such  as 
Christopher  Dresser,  William 
Morris,  Welby  Pugin,  Moyer  Smith 
and  B.  J.  Talbot.  The  European 
manufacturers,  not  slow  to  per- 
ceive his  approaching  success,  so- 
licited his  aid  in  distributing  their 
products  in  the  American  markets, 
and  he  became  the  sole  agent  for 
one  German,  two  French  and  four 
English  houses  whose  works  are 

the  foremost  of  their  countries.  The  handsome  building  now  occupied 
by  Mr.  McGrath  contains  80,000  square  feet  of  floor  space,  devoted 
exclusively  to  the  jobbing  and  retailing  of  wall  papers,  and  this  great 
establishment  has  a  frontage  equal  to  four  ordinary  stores,  on  the  east 
side  of  Wabash  Avenue,  between  Madison  and  Washington  Streets.  The 
special  importations  of  this  house  are  sent  to  New  York,  Boston,  Philadel- 
phia, and  all  the  great  Eastern  cities,  and  westward  as  far  as  San  Fran- 
cisco. Stiiffs  from  India  and  Japan  are  to  be  found  piled  side  by 
side  with  French,  English  and  German  goods,  both  woven  and  printed, 
and  of  rare  beauty  and  value,  and  these  with  much  more  may  be  seen 
in  a  visit  to  this  great  establishment  of  the  West, 


JOHN  J.  MCGRATH,  106-112  WABASH  AVENUE. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


291 


Jansen,  McClurg  &  Co. — It  is  a  frequent  remark  among  visitors 
from  the  east  that  Chicago.possesses  the  best  and.  most  complete  book- 
store in  the  United  States;  and  traveled  visitors  sometimes  add,  "Yes, 
the  best  book-store  in  the  world."  This  may  at  first  seem  extravagant, 
but  after  one  has  thoroughly  explored  the  great  establishment  of  A. 
C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  at  the  corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Madison 
Street,  the  seeming  extravagance  is  pretty  sure  to  fade  away.  It  is  not 
merely  that  the  firm  occupy  the  entire  six  stories  of  a  beautiful  build- 
ing 150X72  feet  in  size,  but 
that  here  are  found,  in  most 
surprising  profusion,  the  finest 
and  rarest  books  of  all  countries 
and  times.  In  no  one  store  in 
London  can  the  purchaser 
of  a  well  selected  library 
find  so  varied  a  representation 
of  the  best  editions  of  the 
classic  English  writers.  This 
seems  like  strong  language, 
but  let  the  test  be  made,  and 
see  if  it  be  not  found  true. 
Not  only  are  all  the  best  au- 
thors, English  and  American, 
found  here  in  every  variety 
of  edition  and  binding,  from 
the  cheapest  to  the  most 
sumptuous,  but  also  the  finest 
art  productions  of  the  Euro- 
'  pean  presses.  The  rarest  mas- 
terpieces of  book  illustration 
from  the  pencils  of  Turner,  of  Stothard,  of  Blake,  of  Cruikshank  and 
of  Leech,  as  well  as  the  later  work  of  Gibson  and  of  Vedder,  are  quite 
as  likely  to  be  found,  in  their  earliest  and  best  states,  in  this  rich 
collection  as  the  newest  French  novel  or  Mr.  Howells'  last  fiction. 

The  vast  realm  of  current  literature  is  represented  by  every  wor- 
thy English  or  American  book.  Medicine  and  surgery,  science  and 
political  economy,  form  departments  by  themselves;  and  school-books, 
from  the  primer  and  spelling-book  to  the  calculus  and  lexicon,  are 
piled  in  the  basement  more  like  cordwood  than  literature.  But  when 
it  is  remembered  that  the  multitudinous  schools  dotting  the  country, 


A.  C.  MCCLURG  &  Co.,  WABASH  AVE.  AND  MADISON  ST. 


292  MARQVIS'  HAtfb-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

from  Indiana  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  from  the  Ohio  River  to  the 
northern  borders  of  Montana,  draw  a  large  part  of  their  supplies  from 
this  one  source,  the  school-book  mountains  seem  none  too  large.  All 
parts  of  the  great  Northwest  look  to  this  house  for  their  literary  sup- 
plies, and  libraries,  book  clubs  and  private  buyers,  as  well  as  the  local 
book-sellers  in  all  parts  of  the  western  states  and  territories,  are  in 
daily  communication  with  the  firm,  which  has  long  maintained  a  very 
high  reputation  for  fair  dealing  and  courtesy.  Although  mainly 
book-sellers,  their  own  publications  are  already  getting  a  high  char- 
acter in  the  east  as  well  as  in  the  west.  Should  the  visitor  ascend 
beyond  the  second  floor,  which  contains  the  general  offices  and  count- 
ing rooms,  he  will  find  the  upper  parts  of  the  building  largely  occupied 
with  every  variety  of  blank  books  and  stationery,  in  which  branch  of 
trade  their  dealings  are  very  extensive. 

The  merchant  who  comes  to  buy,  the  traveler  who  wants  to  pick  up  a 
new  book,  and  the  visitor  to  Chicago  who  desires  to  study  its  various 
phases,  should  none  of  them  miss  a  visit  to  this  really  remarkable 
book- store. 

J.  M.  W.  Jones  Stationery  and  Printing  Company,  stationery  and 
printing,  167, 169  and  171  Dearborn  Street.  This  is  the  oldest-estab- 
lished house  in  its  line  in  Chicago,  having  been  founded  in  1835  by 
Stephen  F.  Gale.  The  firm  afterward  became  A.  H.  &  C.  Burley,  and 
in  1857  the  business  passed  into  the  hands  of  Jones,  Perdue  &  Small, 
in  1862  becoming  Jones  &  Small,  in  1866  J.  M.  W.Jones,  and  in  1876 
being  incorporated  under  its  present  style.  The  officers  of  the  company 
are  J.  M.W.Jones,  president  and  treasurer,  and  J.  H.  Swart,  vice-pres- 
ident and  secretary.  They  occupy  a  five-story  and  basement  building, 
63x120  feet,  and  two  floors  of  the  adjoining  building,  40x120  feet, 
the  premises  being  fitted  up  with  modern  improved  machinery  and  ap- 
pliances suitable  to  the  requirements  of  the  business.  They  employ 
450  skilled  and  experienced  workmen,  and  do  a  general  printing,  lith- 
ographing and  stationery  business,  making  a  specialty  of  railroad 
printing  and  lithographing  and  railroad  ticket  printing.  They  also  do 
general  commercial  printing  and  electrotyping  in  the  finest  style  of  the 
art,  and  keep  on  hand  a  large  and  thoroughly  diversified  stock  of  ev- 
erything pertaining  to  the  stationery  line,  including  blank  books,  inks, 
ink-stands,  hand-bags,  fancy  stationery,  etc.  The  business  is  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  country  in  its  line,  and  the  company  has  achieved 
an  unexcelled  reputation  for  the  superiority  of  its  work,  promptness  in 
filling  orders,  and  correct  methods  in  the  transaction  of  business, 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  Of  CHICAGO.  293 

enjoying  the  patronage  of  leading  railway  and  other  corporations,  and 
the  most  prominent  business  firms  of  the  West.  Mr.  Jones,  the  head  of 
the  firm,  has  had  a  long  and  valuable  experience  in  the  business.  He 
was  engaged  in  it  at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  his  native  place,  prior  to  his  removal 
to  Chicago,  and  embarking  in  the  firm  of  Jones,  Perdue  &  Small  in  1857. 
By  close  attention  to  all  the  details  oi  the  business  he  has  built  up  the 
prosperous  trade  now  enjoyed  by  the  company  and  directed  it  to  the 
achievement  of  a  great  and  merited  success. 

The  James  Cunningham,  Son  &  Co.,  builders  of  fine  carriages  and 
hearses,  390  to  396  Wabash  Avenue,  was  established  by  Mr.  James 
Cunningham  in  1838,  and  was  incorporated  in  1884  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $803,000.  The  factories  of  the  company,  at  Rochester,  N. 
Y.,  are  among  the  largest  and  best  equipped  in  the  world,  and  the 
vehicles  manufactured  are  unsurpassed  in  every  requisite  of  design, 
quality  of  materials  and  durability  of  service.  The  leading  specialties 
of  manufacture  are  landaus,  coaches,  broughams  and  victorias,  and  their 
trade  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United  State  •=.  A  large  stock  is  kept  in 
the  repository  in  this  city — 390  to  396  Wabash  Avenue — and  the  prices 
are  always  the  very  lowest.  The  Chicago  house  is  under  the  personal 
management  of  J.  W.  Phillips,  long  experienced  in  the  business. 
Branch  houses  have  also  been  established  in  New  York  City,  St.  Louis 
and  San  Francisco. 

S.  Hyman  &  Co.,  diamond' merchants  and  jewelers,  State  and 
Madison  Streets.  This  house  maintains  an  enviable  position  in  this 
trade.  It  is  located  corner  of  State  and  Madison  Streets.  Founded  in 
1859  by  one  of  those  pioneers  whom  instinct  led  to  this  spot,  the  house 
has  passed  through  wondrous  mutations  to  be  known  in  1877  by  its 
present  name,  when,  on  moving  into  its  spacious  and  elegant  quarters, 
Mr.  M.  H.  Berg  was  added  to  the  partnership.  The  firm  ranks  high  in 
the  character  and  quality  of  goods  handled.  The  long  lines  of  show 
cases,  under  a  perfect  system  of  lighting,  dazzle  the  spectator  with 
brilliant  gems  of  exquisite  cut  and  polish.  The  specialties  of  this  house 
are  pure  water  brilliants,  their  choice  white  stones  being  unsurpassed  in 
loveliness.  A  visit  to  their  rooms  can  scarcely  fail  to  give  one  a  consid- 
erable addition  to  their  diamond  lore.  Thirteen  salesmen  are  employed 
and  the  house  does  an  extensive  trade  throughout  the  West.  Mr. 
Hyman  goes  to  Europe  annually  purchasing  goods,  making  a  personal 
selection  and  procuring  the  finest  stock  of  diamonds  and  precious 
stones.  Messrs.  Hj'man  and  Berg  are  both  well  and  honorably  known, 
and  are  thoroughly  identified  with  the  attributes  of  good  citizenship. 


294  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OP  CHICAGO. 

John  V.  Farwell  &  Co.,  wholesale  dry-goods,  Monroe  and  Market 
Streets.  This  great  house  was  established  in  1855  by  Mr.  Johu  V.  Far- 
well,  on  Wells  Street.  The  steady  growth  of  his  trade  led  to  an  early 
removal  to  more  commodious  and  central  quarters  on  Wabash  Avenue, 
where  the  establishment  stood  at  the  head  of  the  dry-goods  enterprises 
of  the  West,  when  the  business  was  wiped  out  and  the  stock  reduced 
to  ashes  in  the  great  fire  of  '71.  But  Messrs.  Farwell  &  Co.  bravely 
resolved  to  make  the  best  of  the  situation,  and  soon  opened  in  a  new 
and  large  building  which  they  put  up  on  Monroe  Street,  and  remained 
there  until  the  completion  of  their  present  palatial  block,  which  covers 
the  largest  superficial  space  devoted  exclusively  to  dry-goods,  staples 
and  specialties  of  any  house  in  the  world.  The  building  is  majestic 
and  imposing  in  appearance,  and  is  a  monumental  edifice  eight  stories 
high,  covers  an  entire  block,  is  conveniently  arraugad  and  handsomely 
and  substantially  finished.  Each  of  the  eight  floors  embraces  52,000 
feet  of  space,  all  of  which  is  found  necessary  to  adequately  accommo- 
date the  enormous  stock  of  goods  herein  stored,  and  representing  the 
manufactures  and  products  of  all  the  leading  commercial  and  manu- 
facturing centers  of  the  Avorld.  A  thorough  system  of  perfect  organiza- 
tion characterizes  every  department  of  the  colossal  business,  which 
employs  600  persons.  The  house  of  John  V.  Farwell  &  Co.  has  per- 
sonal representatives  in  all  the  leading  markets  of  Europe  and  America. 
The  immense  and  varied  stock  of  this  house  is  adapted  to  the  wants  of 
purchasers  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  selected  with  special  refer- 
ence tc  the  assortment  required  in  each  of  the  various  departments  of 
the  business.  It  embraces  foreign  and  domestic  silks,  satins,  velvets, 
dress  fabrics  in  all  textures,  white  goods,  linens,  domestic  cottons, 
laces,  ribbons,  embroideries,  shawls,  wraps,  etc.,  with  furnishing  and 
upholstering  goods,  blankets,  flannels,  hosiery,  gloves,  underwear,  car- 
pets, Yankee  notions,  fancy  goods,  etc.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  John 
V.  Farwell,  Charles  B.  Farwell,  John  K.  Harmon,  John  T.  Chumasero, 
and  John  V.  Farwell,  Jr.  The  senior  member  of  the  firm,  Mr.  John  V. 
Farwell,  stands  high  in  the  esteem  of  Chicago  as  one  of  the  most  pub- 
lic-spirited of  her  citizens,  prominent  in  every  charitable,  philan- 
thropic, moral  and  religious  movement  and  in  all  humanitarian  enter- 
prises. The  house  includes  among  its  customers  all  the  leading  dry- 
goods  houses  of  the  Middle,  Southern,  Southwestern,  Western  and 
Northwestern  country,  and  the  annual  sales  aggregate  many  millions  of 
dollars.  Strict  commercial  integrity  and  correct  business  methods 
have  combined  to  place  this  among  the  leading  dry-goods  houses  in 
the  United  States. 


296  MARQUIS>   HAND- BOOR  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Campbell  Printing  Press  and  Manufacturing  Co.,  lithographic 
and  printing  machinery,  298-30G  Dearborn  Street,  and  43-47  Fourth 
Avenue.  The  first  Campbell  press  was  built  in  1858  by  Andrew  Camp- 
bell, of  New  York,  and  from  that  time  on  the  Campbell  press  has  been 
growing  in  favor  with  every  class  of  printers  and  publishers.  No  com- 
pany, in  the  cylinder  printing  press  line,  has  probably  made  such 
strides  in  public  favor  as  has  the  one  of  which  we  now  write.  "Without 
doubt,  one  reason  why  the  Campbell  Company  has  so  successfully 
appealed  to  American  printers,  is  that  its  machines  are  not  only 
American  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  but  sui  generis  in  their  mechanical 
movements.  We  believe  every  other  cylinder  printing  press  manu- 
facturer has,  in  the  main,  copied  and  adhered  to  the  leading  features 
of  the  old  Napier  press;  though,  naturally,  the  form  of  these  features 
has  been  changed  from  time  to  time  backward  and  forward,  in  order  to 
make  them  appear  new  or  different;  but,  notwithstanding  this,  every 
cylinder  printing  press  built  during  this  century,  except  those  built  by 
the  Campbell  Company  as  also  "Stop  Cylinders,"  has  been  practically 
the  same  old  Napier  press  which  was  not  even  American  in  its  original 
conception.  In  short,  during  the  last  quarter  of  a  century,  the  Camp- 
bell press  has  stood  alone;  and  has  therefore  been  the  target  of  the 
more  or  less  bitter  denunciations  of  the  older  companies  who  were  (and 
are)  all  tarred  with  the  same  stick,  i.  c.,  manufacturing  the  same  Napier 
movement  presses,  hardly  varying  them  even  in  outward  appearance 
sufficiently  to  enable  the  average  business  man  to  tell  the  one  from  the 
other.  No  one,  however,  has  even  seen  a  Campbell  press  who  will  not 
immediately  recognize  another  on  sight.  The  fact  is,  the  Campbell 
press  is  like  an  American  locomotive  or  an  American  bridge  or  American 
machinery  generally,  in  that  its  builders  cut  loose  from  every  foreign 
prototype  and  tradition,  and  being  thus  unhandicapped  struck  out  for 
themselves  and  built  a  handsomer,  lighter,  faster  and  more  durable 
machine,  which  does  its  work  cheaper  and  better  than  any  other  similar 
machine  ever  did.  Therefore,  it  probably  is  not  to  be  wondered  at 
that  the  Campbell  Company  should  become  possessed  of  such  an 
immense  and  valuable  business  as  theirs  is  now,  and  that  this  was  done 
in  the  very  teeth  of  all  their  competitors. 

The  home  office  of  the  Campbell  Company  is  at  160  William  Street, 
New  York,  and  its  Western  office  is  at  the  address  given  at  the  begin- 
ning of  this  article.  The  factory  is  located  at  Taunton,  Mass.,  where 
some  500  men  are  employed  in  manufacturing  the  sixty  odd  styles  and 
sizes  of  machines  comprised  in  its  catalogue.  At  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  a 


MARQUI&  ftAND-BOOg  OP  CHICAGO.  207 

very  large  repair  shop  is  run  in  most  commodious  quarters,  where  some 
seventy-five  expert  machinists  are  constantly  at  work  repairing  second- 
hand machinery.  Indeed,  this  concern  deals  so  largely  in  second-hand 
printing  presses  that  a  spacious  repair  shop  in  this  city  (Chicago)  has 
been  run  for  years,  in  which  in  the  neighborhood  of  twenty-five  expert 
machinists  do  the  repairing  on  the  second-hand  machines  taken  in 
trade  in  the  Western  States. 

The  officers  of  this  company  are:  Mr.  John  T.  Hawkins,  president; 
Mr.  John  L.  Brower,  vice-president  and  secretary;  Mr.  Ogden  Brower, 
treasurer  and  general  manager;  Mr.  A.  T.  H.  Brower,  Western  manager. 

The  Western  business  alone,  of  this  company,  counts  up  into  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  annually.  It  is  not  surprising,  there- 
fore, that  the  Western  department  of  this  concern  being  located  in 
Chicago,  is  regarded  with  pride  by  all  Chicagoans,  and  is  esteemed  as, 
in  the  best  sense,  a  home  institution. 

The  Gage-Downs  Corset  Co.,  corset  manufacturers,  172  and  174 
Market  Street.  This  firm  commenced  business  in  1884,  under  the 
management  of  L.  A.  Downs,  president;  and  F.  N.  Gage,  secretary  and 
treasurer,  and  with  a  capital  stock  of  $40,000.  They  do  an  annual 
business  of  $300,000;  employ  from  fifty  to  sixty  persons  in  their 
factory,  and  keep  from  six  to  ten  commercial  salesmen  on  the  road. 
Their  business  is  extensive,  and  principally  in  the  Western  and  North- 
western country.  They  manufacture  fifty  dozen  corsets  per  day,  and 
occupy  two  floors,  each  45X160  feet,  at  174  Market  Street.  Their 
line  of  goods  embraces  corsets,  hoop  skirts,  bustles,  etc.,  while  their 
specialty  is  the  improved  Downs  patent  self-adjusting  corset.  Their 
main  office  is  at  172  and  174  Market  Street,  Chicago,  but  the  house  has 
several  other  agencies.  This  house  is  agent  also  for  the  Dr.  Schilling 
Coiled  Spring  Elastic  Section  Health  Preserving  corset,  the  celebrated 
P.  D.  imported  corset,  imported  French  woven  corsets,  improved 
Madame  Foy  corset,  the  Duplex  supporter,  Thompson's  Patent  Glove- 
fitting  corset,  Madame  Mora's  Aldine  corset,  Dr.  Strong's  Tampico 
corset,  the  Honest  Full- boned  all  whalebone  corset.  The  materials 
from  which  the  corsets  are  manufactured  are  the  brightest  and  best, 
the  machinery  of  the  latest  improved  patterns,  and  their  facilities  for 
showing,  handling  and  filling  orders  for  corsets,  entirely  unexcelled. 
Its  proprietors  are  men  of  sterling  ability  and  marked  honesty,  and  by 
their  generous  and  cordial  business  manners  they  have  won  the  con- 
fidence, respect  and  good  will  of  the  community,  and  the  firm  friend- 
ship of  all  with  whom  they  have  commercial  relations. 


298  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Brown,  Pettibone  &  Co.,  printers,  stationers,  and  blank  book  manu- 
facturers, 194  and  196  Dearborn  Street;  manufacturing  departments, 
194  to  214.  This  is  a  representative  house  in  its  specific  line  of  indus- 
tries. It  was  established  nearly  six  years  since,  by  Brown,  Pettibone 
&  Kelly.  Subsequently,  Mr.  Kelly  retired  from  the  firm,  and  a  little 
later  Mr.  Brown  deceased,  when  the  firm  was  reorganized,  the  present 
members  being  Mr.  P.  F.  Pettibone  and  Mrs.  A.  C.  Brown,  widow  of  the 
former  partner.  From  ninety  to  one  hundred  persons  are  constantly 
em  loyed  at  the  printing  works  and  bindery,  which  are  among  the 
most  extensive,  and  fitted  up  with  all  the  latest  and  most  approved 
styles  of  machinery  and  mechanical  appliances.  This  house  does  all 
kinds  of  commercial,  mercantile  and  general  printing,  book,  job  and 
catalogue  work,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  county  printing  and  blank 
book  and  card  work,  and  has  specially  prepared  itself  for  doing  the 
legal  printing  and  publishing  of  the  several  counties  in  Illinois  and 
Dakota.  Their  convenient  salesroom  is  stocked  with  every  variety  of 
stationery  goods,  and  enjoys  a  liberal  patronage,  many  of  the  largest 
firms  in  the  city  uniformly  purchasing  their  entire  supplies  of  this  firm. 
In  the  line  of  blank  books,  Brown,  Pettibone  &  Co.  take  the  lead,  their 
work  being  regarded  as  of  very  superior  quality,  only  the  best  material 
being  used  in  their  manufacture,  and  only  the  most  skilled  workmen 
being  employed.  The  manufacturing  department  comprises  the  entire 
basement  floor  of  the  Dearborn  Street  front  of  the  Honore  Building, 
reaching  from  the  alley  to  Adams  Street.  The  firm  have  a  high  com- 
mercial standing,  and  their  business  reputation  is  second  to  that  of  no 
other  house  of  its  kind  in  Chicago,  while  all  who  have  ever  had  deal- 
ings Avith  this  house,  unite  in  a  general  testimony  of  honest  and  fair 
dealing,  and  liberal  treatment.  We  unhesitatingly  recommend  this 
house  to  such  of  our  readers  as  have  occasion  to  purchase  stationery, 
or  who  have  work  to  be  done  in  either  the  printing  or  binding  line. 

Schweitzer  &  Beer,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  toys  and  fancy 
goods,  111  South  State  Street,  constitute  one  of  the  oldest  and  best 
known  firms  in  their  line  in  Chicago.  The  house  was  established  by 
John  D.  Weber,  in  1842,  and  the  present  proprietors  succeeded  to  the 
business  in  1868,  since  which  time  it  has  grown  with  steady  and  rapid 
strides.  The  salesrooms  present  at  all  times  a  busy  and  attractive 
scene,  and  the  six  capacious  floors  are  stocked  with  a  line  of  goods  of 
the  most  diversified  and  comprehensive  character,  embracing  every- 
thing known  to  the  toy  and  fancy  goods  trade,  including  the  products 
of  the  most  noted  American  and  foreign  manufacturers.  Mr.  Carl 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


299 


Beer,  the  junior  member  of  the  firm,  crosses  the  ocean  every  year  to 
make  purchases  and  still  further  augment  the  wide  acquaintance  he 
has  so  long  maintained  with  the  trade  in  the  old  world.  Mr.  Edmund 
Schweitzer,  the  senior  member,  gives  his  entire  attention  to  the  man- 
agement of  the  home  business. 

The  Elgin  National  Watch  Company,  manufacturers  of  watch  move- 
ments, American  Express  building.     This  representative  Western  in- 


fflONAL  WATCH 


dustry  was  established  in  1864.  The  present  corporation,  reorganized 
in  1865,  has  a  capital  stock  of  $2,000,000,  and  its  officers  are:  T.  M. 
Avery,  president;  J.  W.  Scoville,  vice-president;  William  G.  Frail,  sec- 
retary; George  Hunter,  superintendent  of  works.  The  celebrated 
trade  mark  goods  of  this  company  are  the  "B.  W.  Raymond,"  "H.  H. 
Taylor,"  and  the  "G.  M.  Wheeler"  movements.  All  other  movements 
bear  the  name  of  the  "Elgin  National  Watch  Company."  The  Chicago 
general  agency  occupies  an  elegant  suite  of  rooms,  where  President 
Avery  and  Mr.  John  M.  Cutter,  the  general  agent,  make  their  head- 
quarters. The  company  started  out  on  a  capital  stock  of  $100,000, 
and  the  business  has  grown  so  rapidly  as  to  distance  all  competitors. 
They  sell  only  to  the  wholesale  trade,  and  do.  an  annual  business  of 


300  MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

$3,000,000.  Their  works  in  Elgin,  111.,  cover  a  superficial  area  of 
175,000  feet,  with  a  frontage  of  552  feet  and  a  depth  of  427  feet,  em- 
ploy 2,500  hands  and  turn  out  2,000  complete  watch  movements  in 
forty-five  different  styles  daily.  The  buildings  are  fitted  up  with  every 
modern  appliance  and  with  finer  machinery  than  any  watch  factory  in 
the  world,  while  its  tools  and  general  mechanism  are  wholly  unsur- 
passed. The  drills  used  for  probing  the  orifices  in  the  jewels  to  admit 
the  pinions,  on  which  the  wheels  revolve,  are  almost  as  fine  as  the 
filaments  of  a  spider's  web,  while  the  gauges  used  to  measure  the  cor- 
rectness of  the  apertures  are  so  delicate  as  to  indicate  the  ten-thou- 
sandth part  of  an  inch.  The  cutters  used  to  form  the  teeth  of  the  escape- 
ment wheel,  out  of  the  solid  metal,  are  of  sapphire,  ground  down  in  dia- 
mond dust  and  oil,  and  then  inserted  in  small  discs,  and  so  fine  is  their 
cutting  that  the  chips  they  displace  are  only  the  thirtieth  part  of 
the  thickness  of  a  hair.  A  coil  of  wire  weighing  a  pound,  and  costing 
$5,  is  worked  up  into  300,000  screws  of  the  value  of  $4,000.  The 
enterprise  of  the  company  is  a  source  of  just  pride  not  only  to  Chicago, 
but  also  to  all  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

Wm.  H.  Schimpferman  &  Son,  No.  172  East  Madison  Street,  is 
one  of  the  leading  importing  houses  in  the  city,  handling  only  the 
choicest  foreign  wines,  liquors,  ales,  porters,  fine  groceries  and  cigars. 
Mr.  Schimpferman,  who  is  the  sole  proprietor,  established  his  house  at 
No.  157  Lake  Street,  in  1868,  where  he  was  burned  out  in  the  great 
fire,  with  a  loss  of  $100,000.  He  was  insured,  but  the  companies  paid 
only  10  to  20  per  cent.  Nevertheless  he  immediately  opened  at  Nos. 
5  and  7  West  Madison,  whence  he  removed  to  the  present  commodious 
and  convenient  location  in  1874.  He  occupies  the  main  floor  and  base- 
ment, each  30  by  185  feet,  and  carries  about  $100,000  constantly  in 
stock.  His  annual  business,  which  is  exclusively  wholesale,  reaches  a 
quarter  of  a  million  of  dollars,  requiring  the  services  of  ten  clerks. 
He  keeps  only  the  finest  and  most  select  brands  of  champagnes,  Bur- 
gundies, Rhine  wines,  sherry,  port,  Madeira,  liquors,  Havana  cigars, 
etc.,  etc.  His  extensive  stock  of  fancy  groceries  embraces  the  finest 
canned  goods,  patties,  sauces,  cheeses,  and  other  epicurean  delicacies 
from  all  parts  of  the  world.  In  fact  he  keeps  no  cheap  goods,  and  en- 
ters into  no  competition,  his  stock  being  superior  to  the  classes  of  goods 
commonly  sold  in  competing  markets.  His  trade,  which  extends  all  over 
.the  country,  is  largely  with  private  families  of  cultivated  taste,  clubs 
and  first-class  hotels.  He  supplies  nearly  all  the  city  clubs  and  hotels, 
and  sends  goods  to  clubs  in  New  York,  Boston  and  San.  Francisco, 


n     a 

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302  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Davis  &  Morse  Co.,  retail  dry  goods,  furniture,  etc.  This  is  the  largest 
general  emporium  of  dry  goods,  fancy  goods,  millinery,  china  and  gen- 
eral merchandise,  in  Chicago.  This  hive  of  busy  industry,  the  Davis  & 
Morse  Company,  is  centrally  and  prominently  located  at  the  corner  of 
State  and  Van  Buren  Streets.  The  establishment  has  a  frontage  of  260 
feet  on  State  Street,  and  extends  150  feet  in  depth,  on  Van  Buren 
Street,  covering  an  area  of  more  than  two  acres.  The  bazars  herein 
contained  are  devoted  respectively  to  the  sale  of  general  dry  goods, 
carpets,  millinery,  fancy  goods,  crockery,  housekeeping  goods,  etc.,  and 
represent  a  stock  of  merchandise  sufficient  to  fill  a  number  of  ordinary- 
stores.  The  stores  or  different  bazars  in  this  grand  system  of  salesrooms 
are  systematically  arranged,  in  the  most  uniform  and  complete  manner, 
and  in  accordance  with  the  ideas  of  convenience  and  economy  in  the 
expenditure  of  time  and  trouble.  The  counters  divide  the  stores  into 
rectangles,  and  pneumatic  tubes  radiate  from  each  counter  to  the 
cashier's  desk,  so  that  there  is  no  delay  in  making  change,  the  cus- 
tomer's money  being  literally  shot  at  the  cashier  by  the  force  of  a  60- 
horse-power  engine,  and  the  change  instantly  fired  back  at  the  clerk, 
while  the  goods  are  wrapped  up  before  the  customer.  Nearly  four 
hundred  salespeople  are  employed  in  this  unique  village  of  retail 
stores,  all  Tinder  one  management,  and  so  perfect  are  things  systemat- 
ized that  everything  moves  as  smoothly  as  clock  work.  This  grand 
central  bazar  was  established  in  1884,  by  Davis  &  Morse,  but  is  now 
under  the  exclusive  management  of  Mr.  H.  A.  Morse,  president  of  the 
company,  Mr.  Davis  having  withdrawn  from  the  enterprise.  This 
colossal  retail  house  does  a  magnificent  business,  and  in  accordance 
Avith  the  original  plan  of  selling  all  articles  at  retail  at  very  nearly 
wholesale  prices. 

S.  S.  Barry  &  Son,  house,  sign  and  decorative  painting,  258  and 
260  Wabash  Avenue.  This  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best  known  business 
houses  in  its  line  in  Chicago,  and  was  established  by  Barry  &  Gushing, 
in  1840.  It  employs  from  50  to  150  sign,  ornamental  and  decorative 
artists,  and  prosecutes  every  description  of  work  in  its  line.  Its  office, 
workshop  and  salesroom,  at  258  and  260  Wabash  Avenue,  occupy  a  floor 
40x175  feet.  The  house  carries  a  large  stock  of  paints  and  oils,  var- 
nishes, putty  and  painters'  and  artists'  material  generally,  and  transacts 
both  a  wholesale  and  retail  business.  Their  treatment  of  customers 
secures  success,  and  they  command  the  respect  and  admiration  of  the 
purchasing  public  for  the  spirit  of  generous  liberality  which  character- 
izes all  of  their  dealings. 


MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  303 

Tompkins  &  Mandeville,  manufacturers  of  harness,  saddlery  and 
turf  goods,  180  VVabash  Avenue.  This  representative  house  was  estate 
lished  some  thirty  years  since,  by  Benjamin  Lane,  who  was  succeeded 
by  the  present  firm,  consisting  of  W.  L.  Tompkins  and  D.  V.  Mande- 
ville, in  1877.  Their  factory  is  located  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  they 
employ  between  fifty  and  one  hundred  skilled  workmen,  and  turn  out 
annually  several  hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  goods.  The 
Chicago  branch  of  this  extensive  house  is  under  the  management  of 
Mr.  C.  A.  Meeker,  who  was,  previous  to  coming  to  Chicago,  in  the 
employ  of  the  firm  at  their  factory,  and  who  is  well  posted  in  all 
branches  of  the  business.  Their  store  at  180  Wabash  Avenue  is  a  large 
and  commodious  building,  and  their  stock  comprises  a  complete  assort- 
ment of  harness,  robes,  whips  and  turf  goods  generally.  The  Chicago 
branch  does  a  retail  business  principally  and  makes  a  specialty  of  fine 
goods. 

The  Blakely  Printing  Company,  184  and  186  Monroe  Street,  have 
one  of  the  best  equipped  and  most  complete  printing  establishments 
in'  the  country,  comprising  twenty  steam  presses  and  all  the  other 
"ingredients"  of  a  first-class  printing  office,  in  proportion.  The  enter- 
prise was  started  in  1871,  by  C.  F.  Blakely,  and  the  firm  subsequently 
became  Blakely  &  Brown,  then  Blakely,  Brown  &  Marsh,  and,  in  1883, 
was  incorporated  as  the  Blakely-Marsh  Printing  Co.,  changing  to  its 
present  title  in  1885.  D.  Blakely  is  president,  C.  F.  Blakely,  vice- 
president  and  treasurer,  and  J.  A.  Bockius,  secretary.  The  capital 
stock  is  $50,000,  and  the  company  do  an  annual  business  of  over 
$200,000,  with  132  employes  and  a  pay-roll  of  over  $7,000  per  month. 
They  occupy  two  floors,  each  45  X  90  feet,  giving  them  over  17,000  feet 
of  floor  space.  They  do  all  kinds  of  printing,  including  a  great  deal  of 
newspaper  work,  but  make  a  specialty  of  fine  book  and  catalogue  work. 

S.  J.  Surdam  &  Co.,  general  hardware  and  stoves,  178  East  Lake 
Street.  This  business  was  begun  by  Mr.  S.  J.  Surdam,  in  1839.  The 
existing  firm  was  established  in  1852,  the  members  being  S.  J.  Surdam 
and  A.  Stelle.  The  building  they  occupy  is  owned  by  Mr.  Surdam  and 
embraces  four  stories  and  basement,  each  20x160  feet.  They  carry  a 
large  and  diversified  stock  of  shelf  and  heavy  hardware,  cutlery,  stoves, 
etc.  This  firm  have  enjoyed  a  prosperous  career,  their  business  having 
steadily  grown  from  the  first.  They  have  cultivated  favorable  relations 
with  producers,  enabling  them  to  offer  superior  inducements  to  buyers. 
Their  affairs  are  conducted  with  enterprise  and  judgment,  and  the  firm 
have  the  confidence  and  patronage  of  the  trade  to  whose  needs  they 
minister. 


304 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


George  B.  Carpenter  &  Co.,  and  their  immediate  predecessors  in  the 

house  they  now  represent,  have  been  prominently  identified  with  every 

step  of  the  com- 
mercial develop- 
ment of  Chicago 
for  more  than  a 
third  of  a  century. 
The  business  was 
|  establishedin!840 
If  by  Geo.  A.  Robb, 
f  only  three  years 
after  Chicago  had 
been  incorporated 
as  a  city.  Five 
'•  years  later,in  1845, 
a  partner  was  ad- 
mitted under  the 
name  and  style  of 
Payson  <fc  Robb. 
In  1850  Payson  re- 
Geo.  B.  CARPENTER  &  Co.,  COR.  SOUTH  WATER  ST.  AND  FIFTH  AVE.  tired  and  Gilbert 

Hubbard  entered  the  firm,  the  name  changing  to  Hubbard  &  Robb.  Upon 

the  death  of  Mr.  Robb  in  1857,  Gilbert  Hiibbard  &  Co.  succeeded,  and 

during  the  twenty  years  following 

advanced  the  house  to  a  leading 

position  in  the  trade,  and  the  name 

of  Gilbert  Hubbard  <fr  Co.  became 

a  household  word  throughout  the 

whole  western  country.      Gilbert 

Hubbard  died  in  May,  1881,  and 

on  the  first  day  of  the  following 

year  the  vast  business  of  the  old 

concern  passed  into  the  hands  of 

Geo.  B.  Carpenter  &  Co.,  who  have 

since  managed  it  with  the  same 

far-reaching  enterprise  and  un- 


swerving    integrity  that    charac- 
terized   the     old     establishment 


•PjppyA" 
i?  iT*^ — '-*~ 

8p 

OCCUPIED  FROM  1859  TO  1871. 


through  so  many  years  of    eventful  history.      To-day  Geo.  B.  Car- 
penter   &    Co.    constitute    the    oldest    and    most    favorably    known 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


305 


ship  chandlery  house  in  the  west.  From  1859  until  the  great  fire  of 
1871  reduced  the  city  to  ashes,  the  concern  occupied  a  large  iron  front 
building  at  Nos.  205  and  207  South  Water  Street.  An  accompanying 
illustration  presents 
the  building  as  it  then 
appeared.  It  was 
burned  to  the  ground 
011  the  night  of  Octo- 
ber 9th  of  that  mem- 
orable yrar ;  but  be- 
fore the  ruins  were  yet 
cold  a  tent  was  erected 
above  the  smoldering 
embers,  and  Gilbert 
Hubbard  &  Co.  an- 
nounced that  they 
were  ready  to  proceed 
with  business.  The 
tent  answered  the 
purposes  of  more  ap-  AFTER  THE  F|RE  OF  OCTOBER  9,  1871. 

propriate  quarters  until  the  ruins  of  an  old  grain  warehouse  at 
14  and  16  Market  Street  were  boarded  up  and  put  into  order  for  the 
reception  of  a  stock  of  ship  chandlery  goods.  The  new  establishment 
was  occupied  in  November  following  the  fire,  and  was  considered  a 

great  curiosity, in  its  way 
at  that  time.  Fully  half 
of  the  rude  structure  was 
below  the  level  of  the 
sidewalks,  as  will  be  seen 
by  the  illustration  on  this 
page.  In  April,  1872, 
the  business  was  removed 
to  a  capacious  three  story 
building — one  cf  the  lar- 
gest and  best  that  had 
H  ANO  16  MARKET  STREET,  1871.  been  erected  after  the 

fire  — located  at  226  to  232  South  Water  Street.  In  1874  the 
erection  of  the  present  building  was  begun,  and  a  year  later  it  was 
completed  and  occupied.  It  is  situated  on  the  northeast  corner  of 
South  Water  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  is  five  stories  in  height;,  and  is 


306 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


OCCUPIED  FROM  1872  TO  1874. 


one  of  the  best  business  structures  in  that  locality.  The  upper  story  is 
used  as  a  general  storage  room.  The  sail  loft  is  on  the  fourth  floor, 
and  is  the  best  equipped  apartment  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  The 
third  floor  is  devoted  chiefly  to  manufacturing  purposes,  and  presents 

at  all  times  a  busy  scene. 
On  the  second  floor  is  stored 
a  large  variety  of  the  lighter 
class  of  goods,  such  as  cotton 
duck,  in  all  widths,  and 
twines  and  cordage  of  all 
weights.  The  offices  and  gen- 
eral salesrooms  are  on  the 
first  floor.  In  the  cellar— a 
light,  airy  and  perfectly  dry 
apartment — are  stored  large 
quantities  of  heavy  goods, 
including  wire-rope,  large 
sizes  of  manilla  rope,  heavy 
hardware  and  supplies  for 
saw-mills,  flour-mills,  rolling- 
mills,  mining  companies  and  railroads.  As  manufacturers  of  tents, 
of  every  description,  awnings,  rain-proof  covers,  and,  in  fact,  every- 
thing belonging  to  this  branch  of  business,  Messrs.  Carpenter  &  Co. 
stand  without  a  peer. 

Albert  Dickinson  is  the  leading  seed  merchant  of  the  west,  if  not 
of  the  country,  and  his  house  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  business.  It 
was  established  in  1854,  in  a  very  modest  way,  by  A.  F.  Dickins  n, 
father  of  the  present  proprietor,  as  a  South  Water  Street  general  com- 
mission and  seed  house.  Albert  Dickinson  succeeded  to  the  business 
in  1872,  since  which  time  the  transactions  of  the  house  have  been 
confined  exclusively  to  the  trade  in  field  seeds  of  every  variety.  The 
busin  ss  has  grown  very  rapidly,  especially  during  the  last  ten  year^, 
and  the  trade  of  the  house  now  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  United 
States ;  also  to  Canada,  Europe  and  other  foreign  countries.  The  build- 
ings occupied  comprise  three  spacious  warehouses  located,  respect- 
ively, at  115  to  119  Kinzie  Street ;  104  to  110  Michigan  Street,  and 
198  to  204  Market  Street.  The  stock  carried  embraces  every  variety 
of  field  seeds — clover,  timothy,  millet,  flax,  orchard  grass,  blue  grass, 
red  top, etc.,  also  bird  seeds  and  pop  corn — and  is  always  sufficient  to 
meet  any  demand.  The  office  and  salesrooms  are  at  115  Kinzie  Street. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  307 

The  Diebold  Safe  and  Lock  Company  is  represented  in  Chicago  by 
its  vice-president  and  western  manager,  John  W.  Norris.  Although  the 
mamifactory  of  the  company  is  located  at  Canton,  Ohio,  it  may  justly 
be  classed  as  a  Chicago  institution.  The  vice-president  of  the  company 
resides  here,  and  its  principal  ware  and  sales-rooms  are  located  in  this 
city,  which  is  the  leading  distributing1  point  for  the  enormous  product 
of  the  Canton  factory.  The  business  was  established  in  18GO,  and  has 
steadily  grown  to  the  present  immense  proportions.  The  works  now 
constitute  one  of  the  largest  safe  manufactories  in  the  world.  They 
give  employment  to  nearly  1,000  operatives,  and  have  capacity  for 
turning  out  about  fifty  safes  every  twenty-four  hours.  The  equipment 
of  machinery  and  tools  is  the  most  complete  that  has  been  devised  for 
the  manufacture  of  fire  and  burglar-proof  safes.  Much  of  the  machin- 
ery and  other  appliances  were  made  expressly  for  the  manufacture  of 
special  portions  of  the  Diebold  safes  and  locks,  and  are  used  exclusively 
by  this  concern.  The  use  of  the  very  best  materials  and  the  employ- 
ment of  these  facilities  in  the  hands  of  thoroughly  skilled  workmen  in 
every  department  of  the  manufacture,  secure  a  production  as  nearly 
perfect  as  it  is  possible  to  be,  and  the  quality  of  the  Diebold  safe  is 
unequaled  by  that  of  any  other  makers.  Branch  offices  are  established 
in  all  the  principal  cities  of  the  country,  and  over  100,000  of  these 
safes  are  now  in  use.  This  Chicago  house  has  supplied  all  the  leading 
banks,  railroad  companies,  express  companies,  hotels,  newspaper  offices 
and  corporations  in  Chicago  and  throughout  the  northwest  with  fire 
and  burglar-proof  protection  of  their  valuables.  Among  such  concerns 
in  this  city  are:  The  First  National  Bank,  the  Commercial  National 
Bank,  the  Merchants'  National  Bank,  the  Northwestern  National  Bank, 
and  the  National  Bank  of  Illinois.  The  new  City  Hall  has  fifty  vault 
doors  and  much  other  work  of  the  Diebold  Company's,  find  over  $40,- 
000  worth  of  its  work  has  been  placed  in  the  new  county  court-house. 
The  Diebold  safe  is  the  standard  and  accepted  champion  throughout 
the  great  northwest,  and  this  popularity  is  well  deserved,  as  is  shown 
by  the  thousands  of  voluntary  testimonials  sent  to  Mr.  Norris  by  patrons 
whose  safes  have  been  tested  by  burglars  or  by  fire.  The  sales  of  the 
Chicago  house  now  aggregate  nearly  $1.000.000  annually.  It  is  loca- 
ted at  57  State  Street,  the  leading  business  thoroughfare,  and  in  the 
very  business  center  of  the  city.  The  stock  of  safes  displayed  here  is 
always  large  and  interesting.  Visitors  in  Chicago  should  not  fail  to  go 
through  those  salesrooms  and  inspect  the  wonderful  safes,  and  time 
and  combination  locks,  the  mysterious  workings  of  which  are  at 


308  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

all  times  cheerfully  explained  by  an  expert  in  the  employ  of  the 
company. 

Edward  Ely  &  Co.,  the  famous  tailors,  occupy  r.  oms  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Monroe  Street.  These  apartments 
are  located  on  the  second  floor  of  the  building,  and  are  fitted  up  in 
complete  harmony  with  the  purposes  for  which  they  are  used.  Messrs. 
Ely  &  Co.  have  long  held  the  leading  position  of  their  vocation  in 
Chicago,  and  they  have,  without  doubt,  done  more  to  promote  a  high 
standard  of  elegance  in  gentlemen's  dress  than  any  other  house  in  the 
entire  west.  Their  fame  is  not  confined  to  local  or  narrow  boundaries, 
and  the  name  of  Edward  Ely  &  Co.  is  familiar  to  people  of  refinement 
and  culture  in  all  parts  of  the  country ;  and  from  this  class  is  largely 
drawn  their  extensive  patronage.  The  line  of  goods  kept  in  stock 
by  them  represents  the  products  of  the  most  celebrated  looms  of  the 
world.  And  possessing  rare  judgment  and  taste  and  the  high  artistic 
talent  requisite  for  clothing  a  man  of  refinement  and  character  with 
true  fitness  and  expression,  coupled  with  ample  capital,  extensive 
patronage,  and  a  long,  varied  and  successful  experience,  they  are  ena- 
bled to  meet  every  demand  of  an  exacting  and  appre  iative  public. 

Sargent,  Greenleaf  &  Brooks,  automatic  sprinklers,  Gray's  Patent 
Dry  Pipe  system,  43  and  45  Franklin  Street.  This  representative 
Chicago  house,  established  in  1872,  is  represented  by  Mr.  S.  N.  Brooks, 
resident  partner,  and  has  for  its  correspondent  the  house  of  Sargent  & 
Greenleaf,  of  Kochester,  N.  Y.  Its  specialty  is  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  the  celebrated  Gray's  Automatic  Sprinkler,  a  patent  dry  pipe 
system,  which  automatically  and  unfailingly  extinguishes  a  fire  orig- 
inating in  any  building  where  the  pipes  have  been  placed.  The  pipes 
are  attached  to  the  ceiling  of  the  buildings,  and  the  automatic 
sprinklers  to  the  pipes;  a  generation  of  160  degrees  of  heat  melts  the 
solder  in  the  sprinkler  head,  releases  the  water  gate,  and  the  flames 
are  quickly  drowned  out.  A  very  small  fire  almost  immediately  sets 
the  device  in  operation,  and  the  flames  are  speedily  extinguished. 
This  fire-extinguishing  device  is  approved  by  insurance  companies,  and 
a  much  lower  rate  of  insurance  is  exacted  from  buildings  protected  by 
the  Gray  Automatic  Sprinkler.  Hundreds  of  testimonials  are  on  file 
from  property  holders  whose  buildings  have  been  saved  by  this  device, 
and  also  from  associations  of  fire  underwriters,  etc.  This  hous<*  deals 
in  adjustable  sheet  metal  elbows,  Sargent  &  Greenleaf's  unpickable 
key  locks,  time  and  combination  bank  and  safe  locks,  spiral  riveted  pipe 
for  compressed  air,  exhaust  steam,  city  water  works,  hydraulic  mining, 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  309 

etc.  This  company,  at  their  Chicago  house,  43  and  45  Franklin  Street, 
employ  some  twenty  persons.  A  specialty  is  made  of  an  adjustable 
sheet  metal  elbow  for  stoves  and  other  pipes,  from  one  and  one-half 
inch  to  ten  inches  in  diameter,  which  in  tin,  galvanized,  Kussia,  plan- 
ished or  charcoal  iron  is  sold  to  jobbers  in  every  large  city  from  the 
Atlantic  Coast  to  the  Missouri  River. 

Abram  Cox  Stove  Co.,  stoves,  ranges  and  furnaces,  76  Wabash 
Avenue.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest,  largest  and  most  important  houses 
in  its  line  in  the  United  States.  Tt  was  established  in  1847,  and  ever 
since  has  maintained  the  supremacy  for  the  extent  of  its  manufacture, 
excellence  of  workmanship  and  the  superior  quality  of  its  goods.  The 
company  was  incorporated,  Avith  Abram  C.  Mott,  as  president;  George 
E.  Hopkins,  secretary,  and  E.  Kahmar,  treasurer.  The  Chicago  branch 
was  established  in  1885,  and  Edward  P.  Mott,  a  brother  of  the  head  of 
the  house,  was  instituted  general  Western  agent.  The  works  are  at 
Philadelphia,  and  employ  275  men.  The  Western  agency  has  attained 
to  high  importance,  having  an  extensive  trade  in  Minnesota.  Wisconsin, 
Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Nebraska. 

U.  S.  Desk  and  Office  Fitting  Co.,  store  and  office  furniture  and 
fixtures,  194  LaSalle  Street.  This  business  was  established  in  1868, 
by  Mr.  William  Lumley.  In  the  great  fire  of  1871.  he  was  burned  out, 
but  soon  after  reopened  business  at  Monroe  and  LaSalle  Streets,  where 
he  remained  for  nine  years,  removing  later  to  128  Fifth  Avenue,  since 
which  he  has  remained  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  his  present 
offices  and  salesrooms,  194  LaSalle  Street.  The  business  was  incor- 
porated in  1886.  The  factories  are  in  Calhoun  Place,  between  LaSalle 
Street  and  Fifth  Avemie,  and  at  Nos.  18  and  20  Sloan  Street.  The 
firm  makes  a  specialty  of  fine  office  and  store  furniture  and  fittings, 
and  keep  a  constant  supply  of  the  best  kiln-dried  lumber.  They 
employ  only  the  most  efficient  workmen  and  are  always  prepared  to 
undertake  any  work  in  their  line.  Their  trade  is  with  the  best  business 
firms  of  Chicago  and  neighboring  towns,  and  surrounding  country. 

R.  W.  Tansill  is  a  name  as  familiar  as  any  household  word  all  over 
the  western  hemisphere  and  the  Southern  Pacific.  His  cigars  are  the 
best  known  of  any  proprietory  brand  in  the  world.  In  many  Southern 
countries  the  name  of  Tansill  is  almost  talismanic  in  its  significance. 

The  business  is  solely  the  manufacture  of  cigars,  in  which  such 
special  and  well  known  excellences  are  reached,  that  it  is  the  largest 
cigar  manufacturing  house  in  the  world.  Especial  efforts  have  been  put 
forth  in  the  manufacture  and  exploiting  of  the  justly  celebrated  "Tan- 


310  MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

sill's  Punch"  cigar,  and  the  returns  are  gladdening  to  the  projector's 
.soul.  The  sales  of  this  one  brand  from  their  Chicago  house  alone  have 
exceeded  12,000,000  per  year. 

The  history  of  this  business  is  the  history  of  Mr.  Tansill's  life.  It 
most  signally  illustrates  the  value  of  brains  and  ideas  in  the  well  worn 
fields  of  advertising.  The  start  of  the  new,  young  and  untried  enter- 
prise was  necessarily  laborious  and  painful,  but  when  the  merits  of  the 
system  and  the  value  of  uniformly  reliable  goods  once  became  known, 
the  public  was  more  than  generous  in  its  recognition  of  merit. 

At  present  the  house  has  every  facility  to  supply  its  immense  trade, 
but  it  could  be  indefinitely  increased  if  needed.  As  they  aim  to  only 
keep  up  with  the  retailers  all  over  the  United  States,  Canadas,  South 
America,  Australia  and  New  South  Wales,  there  is  no  pretense  of  carry- 
ing a  stock  beyond  these  needs,  and  there  is  absolutely  no  old  stock  to 
carry  at  a  loss  or  work  off  at  a  sacrifice.  With  from  1,200  to  1,500 
employes  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cigars,  under  the  most  central 
and  economical  system  possible,  with  the  unique  system  of  selling 
through  local  agents,  and  without  a  single  drummer  in  their  employ,  the 
force  of  genius  compelling  the  printing  press  and  the  government  mail 
service  to  do  what  must  otherwise,  under  the  old  systems,  cost  the 
keeping  of  an  army  of  salesmen,  the  whole  of  which  is  saved  to  the 
dealer  (their  agents)  and  the  consumer.  Taking  these  into  considera- 
tion, and  the  secret  of  success  of  this  immense  concern  is  not  hard  to 
apprehend.  Mr.  Tansill  has  grown  up  in  the  pursuit  of  his  business; 
his  life  has  entered  into  it.  Born  in  Virginia,  yet  he  is  the  most  typical 
of  Chicagoans,  and  his  qualities  as  a  citizen  are  not  the  least  lustrous 
in  his  career. 

Giles  Brothers  &  Company,  jewelers,  99-101  State  Street.  This 
is  the  largest  and  oldest  established  jewelry  house  in  the  Northwest, 
and  the  only  house  which  has  ever  engaged  in  diamond  and  precious 
stone  cutting.  The  brothers,  W.  A.  and  C.  K.  Giles,  established  the 
jewelry  business  in  Chicago  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  and  have 
prosecuted  it  ever  since.  The  senior  brother  retired  from  the  firm,  but 
the  junior  partner  remains,  and  is  president  of  the  incorporated  com- 
pany, associated  with  E.  Morris,  vice-president,  and  J.  V.  Kidgway, 
secretary  and  treasurer.  The  manufactory  and  salesroom  occupy  two 
spacious  floors,  at  99  and  101  State  Street.  In  the  workshop,  on  the 
second  floor,  upward  of  one  hundred  skilled  men  are  employed,  in  the 
manufacture  of  new  and  original  designs  of  jewelry,  principally  for  the 
wholesale  trade.  The  superiority  of  the  goods  manufactured  by 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


311 


Giles  Brothers  &  Company  is  known  and  recognized  throughout  the 
country,  and  their  manufacture  stamp  is  sufficient  to  popularize  all 
goods.  The  Giles  Brothers  are  the  sole  manufacturers  of  the  patent 
anti-magnetic  shield  for  the  protection  of  fine  watches  from  electrical 
influences.  This  house  imports  largely  from  Europe,  new  designs  in 
jewelry,  statuettes,  bric-a-brac,  clocks,  and  articles  of  virtu. 

Clement,  Bane  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  clothing,  202  to  210 
Franklin  Street,  is  another  of  those  old  and  solid  concerns,  whose 
immense  trade, 
wide  reputation 
and  substantial 
financial  and 
commercial 
character,  are 
the  foundation 
of  Chicago's 
mercantile  em- 
pire. Tte  house 
was  founded  in 
1867,  by  H.  C. 
Clement  and 
others,  as  Clem- 
ent, Ottman  & 
Co.  Subse- 
quently the 
firm  was  chang  • 
ed  to  Ch-inont, 
Morton  &  Co., 
and  the  latter 
were  burned 
out  at  Nos.  27 
and  29  Ran- 
dolph Street 
durin  g  the 

great  fire.  They  continued  business  for  the  year  after  the  fire  in  a 
frame  building  on  Michigan  Avenue,  and  for  the  next  three  years 
found  better  quarters  at  the  corner  of  State  and  Madison,  removing 
thence  for  greater  room  and  convenience  to  the  corner  of  Madison 
Street  and  Wabash  Avenue,  Avhere  they  remained  five  years,  when 
they  removed,  in  1880,  to  their  present  spacious  and  central  premises 


CLEMENT,  BANE  A.  Co.,  COR  ADAMS  AND  FRANKLIN  STREETS. 


312  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

at  the  northwest  corner  of  Adams  and  Franklin  Streets.  They  occupy 
an  elegant  five-story  block,  with  basement,  fronting  100  feet  on 
Franklin  Street  and  160  feet  on  Adams,  and  giving  them  96,000  square 
feet  of  floor  space  in  which  to  store,  display  and  handle  the  enormous 
stock  necessary  to  enable  them  to  meet  all  demands  of  their  extensive 
trade  promptly  and  satisfactorily.  They  keep  thirty  to  forty  cutters 
constantly  employed,  each  keeping  thirty  to  forty  hands  occupied  in 
making  up  after  him,  so  that  the  number  of  their  employes,  including 
twenty  travelers,  exceeds  1,000.  Their  trade  extends  eastward  into 
Michigan  and  Ohio,  and  throughout  the  West  and  Northwest,  and  their 
annual  business  is  about  $1,200,000,  while  their  yearly  pay-roll 
requires  one-fourth  that  sum.  The  firm  was  incorporated  as  a  stock 
company  in  1885,  with  Austin  Clement  as  president  and  Levi  B.  Bane 
as  treasurer.  The  capital  stock  is  nominally  $300,000,  but  abundant 
additional  funds  are  furnished  by  the  stockholders,  and  the  average 
capital  actively  employed  in  the  business  is  more  than  a  half  million  of 
dollars.  Before  the  incorporation  the  trade  aggregated  over  two  mill- 
ions per  annum,  but  the  company  has  since  pursued  a  conservative 
policy  that  has  cut  down  its  output  more  nearly  within  reach  of  its 
capacity,  which  is  still  close  pressed  to  supply  the  demand. 

The  Erie  Express,  Wm.  W.  Chandler,  Jr.,  general  agent,  Nos.  140 
and  142  Monroe  Street,  illustrates  the  wisdom  of  extensive  railroad 
systems  undertaking  their  own  express  business.  It  must  be  said,  how- 
ever, that  the  express  inaugurated  in  May,  1886,  by  the  Erie  system, 
has  been  under  exceptionally  judicious  and  energetic  management. 
The  Chicago  office  was  opened  July  15th,  the  U.  S.  Express  Company 
withdrawing  their  equipment  and  service,  and  the  new  enterprise 
started  auspiciously  over  all  the  lines  of  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  and 
Western  railway  branches  and  connections.  It  commenced  with 
reduced  rates,  but  has  shown  a  remarkable  increase  of  business,  and 
the  Erie  Express  now  takes  rank  with  the  first-class  express  accommo- 
dations of  the  country.  Mr.  W.  M.  Clements,  the  general  manager, 
was  for  a  long  time  general  manager  of  the  B.  &  O.  K'y  main  lines,  and 
afterwards  of  the  N.  Y.  P.  &  O.,  and  is  thoroughly  experienced  and 
competent.  His  enterprising  management  has  been  admirably  sup- 
ported and  advanced  by  able  lieutenants.  Mr.  (-'handler  was  for  two  and 
a  half  years  agent  here  for  the  Adams,  but  was  induced  to  take  charge 
of  the  Erie's  interests  at  this  point.  Under  such  experienced  control 
the  Erie  is  doing  most  excellent  and  prompt  public  service,  and  hand- 
ling its  business  to  the  satisfaction  of  its  patrons.  The  main  office  at 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  313 

the  numbers  given  is  commodious  and  central,  and  supplied  with  every 
needed  facility.  Twelve  wagons  are  constantly  traversing  the  city,  and 
forty-six  men  are  employed.  The  stables  are  in  the  rear  of  396 
Wabash  Avenue,  and  the  depot  office  on  3d  Avenue  near  Taylor  Street. 
Haines  Bros.,  piano  manufacturers,  366  Wabash  Avenue.  The 
Haines  Brothers  (Napoleon  J.  Haines  and  Francis  W.  Haines)  are  one 
of  the  oldest  houses  in  the  United  States  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  pianofortes,  having  been  established  in  New  York  City  in  1851,  and 
continued  the  trade  with  marked  success  for  the  past  thirty-five  years. 
Their  two  immense  factories  are  located  on  the  east  side  of  Second 
Avenue,  occupying  both  corners  of  Twenty-first  Street.  Over  200 
skilled  workmen  are  constantly  employed  in  the  various  departments 
turning  out  some  1 ,400  instruments  yearly.  The  claim  that  this  house 
manufactures  the  best  upright  piano  in  the  market  is  generally 
acknowledged.  They  use  the  best  seasoned  wood  in  making  their  cases, 
felt  for  hammers,  glue,  varnish,  and  every  other  article  required, 
price  being  no  object.  The  Haines  Bros,  pianos  are  sold  all  over 
the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  many  of  them  are  exported  to 
Europe  and  South  America.  Their  merit  has  been  recognized  by  the 
greatest  musical  artists.  The  prima  donna,  Adelina  Patti,  ordered  one 
to  be  made  for  her  which  she  now  has  in  her  castle  at  Swansea,  South 
Wales,  and  she  has  many  times  expressed  her  great  delight  with  it. 
Etelka  Gerster  also  ordered  one,  which  she  has  at  her  villa  at  Bologna, 
and  says:  "Neither  in  Europe  nor  America  have  I  .>een  an  upright  that 
equaled  yours  in  pure  singing  quality  and  great  volume  of  tone  or 
elasticity  and  evenness  of  action."  Alwina  Valleria  and  Emma  Abbott 
are  also  the  happy  possessors  of  one  of  these  remarkable  upright 
pianos.  Christine  Nilsson,  Clara  Louise  Kellogg.  Scalchi,  Marie  Koze, 
Carl  Formes,  Ole  Bull,  Brignoli.  used  and  commended  them  in  the 
highest  terms.  The  Haines  Bros,  have  but  one  branch  house,  which  is 
located  in  Chicago,  at  366  Wabash  Avenue.  Same  being  established 
for  the  convenience  of  their  Western  trade,  so  that  their  numerous  deal- 
ers can  be  supplied  direct  from  headquarters  at  factory  prices.  It  is 
under  the  management  of  Mr.  Thos.  Floyd-Jones,  who  has  been  con- 
nected with  them  for  the  past  sixteen  years.  Their  warerooms  are 
filled  with  beautifully  designed  styles.  Cases  being  made  of  rosewood, 
figured  mahogany,  French  walnut,  and  ebonized  finish  on  cherry. 
They  are  gi'and  in  appearance,  and  in  tone,  power,  responsiveness  of 
touch,  evenness  of  register,  singing  capacity,  and  clear  and  sustaining 
articulation;  they  are  truly  a  superb  instrument.  Manager  Floyd- Jones 


314  MARQUIS1  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

has  won  a  high  reputation  for  Ms  superior  business  qualifications  in 
conducting  the  branch  house,  and  the  firm  could  not  be  better  or  more 
fittingly  represented  in  the  Empire  City  of  the  West. 

The  Henry  Dibblee  Co.,  mantels,  grates  and  tiles,  266  and  268 
W abash  Avenue.  This  house  was  established  in  1873,  by  Henry 
Dibblee.  It  was  incorporated  in  1886  with  a  capital  stock  of  $75,000, 
and  Henry  Dibblee  was  chosen  president,  E.  D.  Eedington,  secretary 
and  treasurer,  and  Anson  S.  Hopkins,  vice-president  and  general  man- 
ager. The  trade  of  this  house  extends  over  every  section  of  Illinois, 
and  also  into  Wisconsin,  Nebraska,  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Indiana.  The 
house  is  one  of  the  largest  in  its  line  of  goods  in  the  country,  and  in 
the  specialty  of  mantels,  tiles  and  grates,  leads  all  other  houses.  They 
manufacture  both  wood  and  slate  mantels,  and  control  the  sale  of  the 
celebrated  Low's  art  tiles.  The  liberal  and  honorable  dealings  which 
have  characterized  this  popular  house,  have  had  the  result  to  favorably 
extend  their  reputation.  The  individual  members  of  the  firm  are  held 
in  the  highest  esteem,  both  commercially  and  socially. 

The  Barbour  Brothers  Co.,  manufacturers  of  linen  thread,  108 
and  110  Franklin  Street.  This  is  the  largest  thread  manufacturing 
establishment  in  the  world,  and  was  started  originally  at  Lisburn,  Ire- 
land, by  William  Barbour,  104  years  ago,  where  the  colossal  thread 
manufacturing  house  of  the  world  employed  4,000  operatives  in  their 
mills.  The  business  was  extended  to  the  United  States  some  twenty- 
three  years  ago,  and  the  house  now  has  works  established  at  Paterson, 
N.  J.,  which  employ  2,000  operatives.  The  firm  mamifactures  shoe 
and  tailor  thread,  wax  and  sewing  machine  threads,  carpet,  saddlers', 
glove,  bookbinders',  seine  and  gilling  threads,  sail  twines  and  macreme 
lace  threads  in  all  sizes.  Eobert  and  William  Barbour  conduct  the 
business  in  this  country,  the  former  making  his  regular  headquarters 
at  the  mill  in  Paterson,  and  the  latter  at  the  sales  warehouse  and  gen- 
eral business  office  in  New  York  City,  while  John  D.  manages  the 
original  business  in  Ireland.  They  are  grandsons  of  the  original 
founder,  William  Barbour,  of  a  century  ago.  The  Chicago  branch  of 
this  patriarchal  house  was  begun  some  eight  months  since,  in  order  to 
supply  the  Western  trade,  which  has  grown  to  be  enormous.  The 
Western  agency  is  in  charge  of  General  Manager  Ben.  Bartlett,  who 
has  a  commodious  and  pleasant  office,  centrally  located  at  108  and  110 
Franklin  Street.  Mr.  Bartlett  is  a  thoroughly  practical  man,  and  has 
been  with  this  house  the  past  twenty  years,  most  of  the  time  as  their 
traveling  Western  agent.  He  has  several  commercial  men  on  the  road 


MARQUIS'    HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


315 


in  all  parts  of  the  South,  West  and  Northwest.  The  house  which  Mr. 
Bartlett  represents  has  branch  agencies  in  Boston,  Philadelphia,  San 
Francisco,  Manchester,  Glasgow,  Dublin,  Paris,  Hambiirg,  Montreal, 
Melbourne,  Sydney,  Brussels,  Amsterdam,  Madrid,  Milan  and  Naples. 
J.  Dunfee  &  Co.,  wood  carpet  or  American  parquetrie,  102  East 
Washington  Street.  The  business  of  this  house  was  established,  in 
1872,  by  Jonathan  Dunfee.  From  1880  to  1883,  the  firm  was  com- 

posedof -Jonathan  Dunfee 
,       and  GoramF.  Baker,  but 
•|     since  1883,  Mr.  Dunfee 
has  conducted  the  busi- 
ness alone.    In  addition 
to  the  business  of  manu- 
facturing   wood    carpet 
and  inlaid  floors,  the  firm 
makes     a     specialty    of 
moldings    and    weather 
strips,  and  have  a  cele- 
brated  line  of   weather 
strips  called  the  "Cham- 
pion '  of  which  they  man- 
ufacture 40,000  feet  per 
day.     Their    factory   is 
located  at  204   to  212 
South  Clinton  Street,  oc- 
cupying the  whole  of  the 
second  floors,  while  their 
office  is  at  102  East  Wash 
ington      Street.       Their 
trade  extends  all  over  the 
Union,  and  into  Canada, 
and  amounts  to  $100,- 
000     annually.       Their 
wood  carpeting,  or  ornamental  hard-wood   floor  laid  on  top  of  the 
original  floor,  is  growing  in  popularity  and  coming  into  general  use, 
and  combines  beauty  and   utility.     The  work  of  this  firm  has  been 
pronounced  to  be  equal  in  durability,  beauty  and  finish,  to  the  best 
in  Europe .     A  vast  variety  of  designs  in  centre-pieces,  borders,  etc., 
is  kept  constantly  in  stock. 


J.  DUNFEE  &  Co.,  102  EAST  WASHINGTON  STREET. 


316  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Murphy  &  Company,  varnishes,  262  Wabash  Avenue.  This  house 
is  a  branch  of  an  extensive  Eastern  incorporation,  having  directors  and 
resident  managers  in  New  York,  Cleveland,  St.  Louis  and  Chicago. 
Franklin  Murphy,  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  is  the  president;  Charles  D.  Ettin- 
ger,  of  Chicago,  is  the  secretary,  and  F.  H.  Taylor,  the  resident  man- 
ager. The  factories  are  located  at  Newark  and  Cleveland.  Their  busi- 
ness was  begun  in  1864,  and  has  now  reached  an  extent  of  half 
a  million  gallons  annually.  The  Chicago  warehouse  and  office,  262 
Wabash  Avenue,  is  adapted  to  a  business  requiring  most  watchful  care 
and  exercise  of  judgment  in  meeting  the  necessities  of  the  many  trades 
in  which  varnish  is  an  important  factor.  In  the  warehouse  is  carried  a 
stock  of  from  35,000  to  40,000  gallons  of  all  the  different  qualities, 
kinds  and  grades  of  railway,  carriage,  cabinet,  piano  and  house  painters' 
varnishes  and  japans.  "The  Story  of  the  Murphy  Varnishes"  is  an 
elegant  pamphlet  of  twenty-four  pages,  published  by  them  for  gratui- 
tous distribution  and  describes  in  colloquial  style  the  process  of  manu- 
facture of  varnish,  the  detail  and  extent  of  their  business,  and  is 
elegantly  illustrated  with  interior  and  exterior  views  of  their  factories 
and  departments.  This  house  stands  unquestionably  as  the  largest 
and  most  important  in  the  business,  whether  considered  as  regards 
quality  of  their  product  or  amount  of  sales. 

E.  S.  &  W.  S.  Fowler,  manufacturing  opticians  and  optical  goods, 
103  to  107  State  Street.  That  the  Fowler  Bros.,  still  young  men, 
should  locate  in  Chicago  is  no  more  a  tribute  to  their  business  sagacity 
than  it  is  proof  of  the  cosmopolitan  character  of  the  Great  Western 
metropolis.  In  the  manufacture  of  optical  goods  a  nicety  and  precision 
is  required.  The  business  of  E  S.  &  W.  S.  Fowler  in  five  years'  time 
has  become  firmly  established.  This  firm  makes  a  specialty  of  grinding 
lenses  for  all  kinds  of  of  optical  instruments,  and  is  the  only  firm  in 
Chicago  which  utilizes  steam  power  for  this  purpose.  They  manufacture 
exclusively  spectacle  frames,  and  in  their  test  cases  for  oculists  and 
opticians,  in  wrhich  a  graduated  scale  determines  the  proper  selection  of 
lenses  for  the  ciistomer,  they  have  conferred  a  decided  boon  upon  suf- 
fering humanity .  This  house  is  introducing  a  new  order  of  industry  west 
of  the  lakes,  and  though  only  five  jTears  in  operation,  it  is  one  of  the 
most  successful  enterprises  of  the  city.  At  their  store  and  factory  103 
to  107  State  Street,  all  kinds  of  optical  instruments,  materials  and 
findings  for  the  trade  can  be  found.  This  house  deals  in  telescopes, 
microscopes,  thermometers,  lenses  of  every  kind  and  description, 
opera  glasses,  optical  instruments  of  all  kinds,  spectacles  and  eye- 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  317 

glasses,  scientific  instruments,  etc.;  while  their  factory  possesses  facili- 
ties and  their  workmen  the  skill,  which  enables  them  to  undertake 
successfully  the  grinding  any  kind  of  lens  and  executing  to  order  any 
optical  work.  The  whole  South  and  West  pays  Avilling  tribute  to  the 
excellence  of  their  goods. 

Union  Steam  Boiler  Works,  McGarry  &  Leonard,  proprietors,  36 
to  42  East  Indiana  Street.  This  business  was  established  in  1881,  by 
Messrs.  P.  McGarry,  J.  Leonard,  B.  McCarron,  Nic.  Schneider  and  Wm. 
Becker.  In  1884,  Messrs.  McCarron,  Schneider  and  Becker  retired 
from  the  firm  Mr.  E.  Krueger  taking  Mr.  Schneider's  place,  which  he 
held  until  August  1,  1886,  when  he  also  retired.  The  firm  occupies 
the  one-story  and  basement  building,  86X100  feet,  at  36  to  42  East 
Indiana  Street,  which  is  specially  adapted  to  the  business  of  boiler- 
making,  and  is  fitted  up  with  all  the  machinery  necessary  to  the  effl- 
cifnt  prosecution  of  the  business.  The  firm  manufactures  every  size 
and  description  of  marine,  stationary  and  locomotive  boilers,  lard  tanks, 
coolers,  sheet  iron  work  of  all  kinds  and  everything  in  the  iron  plate 
line.  As  only  the  most  skilled  labor  is  employed  and  the  best  materials 
used  in  the  work  turned  out  by  this  firm,  it  has  established  a  reputation 
for  superiority  of  workmanship  which  has  extended  the  trade  of  the 
firm  to  every  section  of  the  country,  and  they  have  even  shipped  work 
to  the  West  Indies.  In  addition  to  the  manufacturing  branch  of  their 
business,  the  firm  pays  special  attention  to  repair-work  of  all  kinds, 
which  they  do  in  good,  workmanlike  manner,  giving  prompt  attention 
to  all  orders  and  guaranteeing  satisfaction  in  every  instance.  The 
twenty-five  experienced  workmen  in  the  employ  of  this  firm  are  kept 
constantly  at  work  to  supply  the  demands  of  their  trade,  which  shows 
a  steady  increase  every  year  and  indicates  a  successful  career  for  the 
firm. 

Orr  &  Lockett,  dealers  in  hardware,  cutlery  and  tools,  184  and  186 
Clark  Street,  make  a  specialty  of  fine  building  hardware  for  public  and 
private  houses,  but  carry  a  heavy  sto:-k  in  all  lines.  The  firm  is  com- 
posed of  Frank  B.  Orr  and  Oswald  Lockett,  both  experienced  hardware 
men,  having  been  in  the  business  for  over  twenty  years.  Their  opera- 
tions have  figured  largely  in  the  re-building  of  the  city,  and  their  bus- 
iness has  had  a  marked  and  rapid  growth,  due  to  their  energy  and 
enterprise,  their  thorough  acquaintance  with  all  the  details  of  the  trade, 
and  their  strict  integrity  in  the  fulfilment  of  contracts.  This  is  the 
leading  retail  hardware  house  of  the  city. 


318  MARQUIS'   HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Chicago  Stained  Glass  Works,  Max  Suess  &  Co.,  proprietors,  216 
East  Lake  Street.  This  house  manufactures  artistic,  domestic,,  eccle- 
siastical and  ornamental  stained  glass,  furnishing  designs  and  estimates 
on  all  orders  on  receipt  of  size  of  windows.  The  business  has  steadily 
increased  since  its  inception,  and  the  house  has  an  extensive  trade  in 
the  East,  West,  North  and  South.  The  firm  occupy  the  third  floor 
at  216  East  Lake  Street,  25X120  feet,  and  succeed  Keimer,  Flanni- 
gan  &  Vogt.  That  the  reader  may  form  an  idea  of  the  standing  of  the 
house  and  the  esteem  it  is  held  in  in  local  circles,  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  they  were  awarded  the  contract  by  the  city  for  furnishing  glass 
signs  for  12,000  street  lamps.  Their  factory  is  equipped  with  all  the 
modern  machinery  and  appliances  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  their 
business.  They  carry  a  large  stock  of  imported  articles,  embracing 
eVery thing  in  their  line,  and  have  established  most  favorable  relations 
with  producers  enabling  them  to  offer  unsurpassed  inducements  to 
customers. 

P.  Ringer  &  Co.,  book-binders,  Nos.  52  and  54  Wabash  Avenue. 
In  this  establishment  one  gets  an  earnest  of  the  i  eculiar  excellence  of 
some  of  Chicago's  enterprises.  Some  twenty  years  ago,  when  Mr. 
Einger  began  the  establishment  in  a  humble  way,  there  were  book- 
binders here,  but  it  was  supposed  that  if  any  one  wanted  anything  of 
peculiar  excellence,  or  artistic  design  and  execution,  or  of  costly  and 
novel  character,  done  in  this  line  of  work,  it  would  of  necessity  be  done 
across  the  ocean,  barely  possible  in  New  York  or  Philadelphia. 

This  is  all  changed  now  in  Mr.  Einger' s  establishment;  everything 
known  to  the  book-binders'  art  in  the  use. or  manipulation  of  any  kind 
of  materials,  all  mechanical  devices,  and  where  known  and  approved, 
skill  and  ingenuity  in  design,  experience  in  application,  besides  novel 
and  peculiar  features  of  their  own,  can  be  found  in  this  house.  It  has 
grown  because  of  its  many  excellences,  and  is  a  survival  of  those  fittest 
to  survive. 

It  is  appreciated  and  honored  by  doing  the  sole  work  for  many  of 
our  wealthiest,  most  literary  and  artistic  citizens  and  eleemosynary 
corporations.  It  employs  through  the  year  some  thirty  skilled  employes 
and  saves  to  the  country  in  general  and  Chicago  in  particular  a  large 
sum  that  erstwhile  was  spent  abroad.  People  only  consult  their  own 
benefit  and  inclination  when  patronage  is  bestowed  on  this  firm. 

Mr.  P.  Einger  is  an  old  and  well  known  citizen,  who  has  conceived 
and  carefully  worked  out,  his  idea;  the  value  of  his  contribution  to 
Chicago's  enterprises  can  scarcely  be  over-estimated.  Mr.  H.  Veit,  the 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


319 


co-partner  in  tlie  enterprise  came,  in  later  years,  when  the  growth  of 
the  concern  had  made  a  division  of  labor  necessary.  Mr.  V.  is  a  practical 
workman  and  the  details  are  in  his  hands,  eyery  item  of  which  under- 
goes his  constant  scrutiny. 

Coffin,  Devoe  &  Co.,  leading  manufacturers  and  importers  of  paints, 
white  lead,  colors,  varnishes,  brushes  and  artists'  materials,  occupy  a 
spacious  four-story  and  basement  building,  190  feet  in  depth,  at  No. 
176  Kandolph  Street.  It  is  thoroughly  equipped  for  handling  the 
large  and  increasing  business  of  the  firm.  The  parent  house — F.  W. 
Devoe  &  Co.,  New  York — was  established  in  1853,  and  has  the  largest 
works  of  the  kind  in  the  Avorld.  The  Chicago  house  dates  from  Jan.  1, 
1883.  It  is  composed  of  Frederick  W.  Devoe,  president;  Gorham  B. 
Coffin,  vice-president;  J.  Seymour  Currey,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

Mr.  Devoe  was  formerly  of  the 
firm  of  Kaynolds,  Devoe  &  Pratt, 
the  oldest  paint  house  in  the 
United  States.  Thus,  Avith  unsur- 
passed facilities,  commanding 
the  highest  order  of  skill  and 
experience  in  the  preparation 
of  their  goods,  using  only  the 
purest  materials  and  employing 
the  most  convenient  and  prompt 
methods  for  supplying  the  trade, 
the  remarkable  success  of  this 
house  is  clearly  the  natural  result 
of  the  conditions  mentioned. 
They  are  masters  of  their  busi- 
ness, and  have  made  the  best 
interests  of  the  trade  their  study 
and  aim.  A  heavy  stock  is  kep 
in  every  line.  The  specialties  of 
their  own  manufacture  include 

chemically  pure  dry  colors,  coach  and  car  colors,  prepared  paints, 
varnishes,  brushes,  tube  colors,  and  artists'  materials.  These  goods 
are  prepared  with  extreme  care  at  the  extensive  works  of  F.  W. 
Devoe  &•  Co.,  in  New  York,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  James  F. 
Drummond,  member  of  the  firm,  who  has  superintended  this  de- 
partment for  thirty  years.  This  fact  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  of 
the  excellence  of  their  manufactures.  Messrs,  Coffin,  Devoe  & 


COFFIN,  DEVOE  &  Co.,  176  RANDOLPH  ST. 


320  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Co.  are  pleased  at  all  times  to  receive  visits  from  all  merchants 
and  manufacturers  who  are  interested  in  their  line  of  goods,  and 
an  examination  of  their  entire  st^ck  and  premises  is  most  cordially 
invited. 

The  Chicago  Furniture  Storage  Co.,  Nos.  350  and  352  Wabash 
Avenue.  Prominent  among  the  lending  and  most  reliable  storage  ware- 
houses in  Chicago  is  that  of  the  Chicago  Furniture  Storage  Company  > 
at  Nos,  350  and  352  Wabash  Avenue.  The  building  occupied  is  spa- 
cious and  substantially  constructed,  the  interior  arrangements,  being 
perfect  and  affording  every  facility  for  the  safe  and  secure  storage  of 
furniture,  pianos,  mirrors,  works  of  art,  and  personal  property  of  every 
description.  The  floors  are  large,  well  ventilated,  and  free  from  moist 
ure  or  dampness.  There  is  also  a  number  of  private  compartments  with 
lock,  key,  etc.  The  premises  are  guarded  night  and  day  by  watchmen, 
and  only  the  most  experienced  men  are  employed  to  handle  goods. 
This  company  was  organized  in  1875  and  since  its  inception  has 
enjoyed  a  most  successful  career.  They  have  occupied  their  present 
handsome  building  since  February,  1885.  Mr.  D.  C.  VanCott,  pres- 
ident, is  an  energetic,  clear-headed  business  man,  honorable  and  fair 
in  all  transactions,  and  deservedly  popular  with  all  classes  of  the  com- 
munity. Mr.  F.  G.  Button,  the  secretary  and  treasurer,  is  a  gentleman 
of  marked  ability  and  sterling  integrity.  Under  the  judicious  and 
liberal  management  of  these  gentlemen  the  affairs  of  the  company  are 
prospering,  and  its  patronage  steadily  increasing. 

The  Chicago  Rawhide  Manufacturing  Co.,  rawhide  belting,  lace 
leather,  etc.,  75  and  77  East  Ohio  Street.  The  officers  of  this  company, 
which  was  established  in  1877  and  incorporated  in  1878,  are  A.  B. 
SpurHng,  president;  A.  C.  Krueger,  superintendent,  and  W.  H.  Preble, 
secretary  and  treasurer.  The  business  was  started  at  38  and  40  West 
Monroe  Street,  and  removed  to  its  present  location  in  1882.  The 
company  manufactures  rawhide  belting,  lace  leather,  rope,  lariats,  fly 
nets,  picker  leather,  stock  and  farm  whips,  washers,  hame  straps,  harne 
strings,  halters  and  other  rawhide  goods  of  all  kinds,  by  Krueger's 
patent.  They  have  a  patent  on  their  hide  curing  process,  two  patents 
on  hide  working  machines,  five  on  stuffing,  one  on  belt  trimming 
machine  and  one  on  stretching  machine,  all  of  which  are  very  valuable. 
The  belt  trimming  machine  will  do  the  work  of  twenty-five  men,  and 
trims  both  edges  at  once.  The  company  makes  everything  in  the  line 
of  belting,  round,  square  and  flat  rope  and  twist  styles,  that  is  used, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest  diameter.  The  rawhide  twist  and  rope 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  321 

belting  is  made  in  sizes  from  one-sixteenth  of  an  inch  to  three  inches 
or  larger,  and  this  is  the  only  house  in  the  country  that  makes  it.  The 
l-remises  occupied  are  a  four-story  and  basement  building  50X100 
feet,  and  the  largest  in  the  Union  in  this  line  of  business.  Forty  men 
are  constantly  employed  in  the  factory,  which  is  fitted  up  with  the 
special  machinery  covered  by  the  patents  owned  by  the  company. 
The  trade  of  the  house,  which  amounts  to  fully  $100,000  annually, 
extends  all  over  the  Union,  besides  which  the  company  has  a  very  large 
and  rapidly  increasing  trade  with  Australia  and  Canada.  The  success 
achieved  by  the  company  is  demonstrated  by  the  fact  that  the  capital 
stock  of  the  original  par  value  of  $150,000  is  now  worth  $375,000, 
net.  Their  processes  of  manufacture  exclude  the  use  of  either  lime  or 
acid,  and  as  the  life  and  strength  of  the  hide  is  preserved  and  only  the 
very  best  native  hides  are  used,  the  belt  and  lace  leather  manufactured 
by  the  company  is  the  most  pliable  and  durable  ever  used  for  these 
purposes.  At  the  "National  Exposition  of  Eailway  Appliances"  held  in 
Chicago,  in  1883,  the  first  prize  for  rawhide  belting  and  lace  leather 
was  awarded  to  this  company. 

Blake,  Shaw  &  Co.,  Dake  bakery,  corner  Clinton  and  Adams  Streets. 
This  representative  and  pioneer  Western  industry  was  begun  twenty- 
five  years  ago  by  Joseph  M.  Dake,  and  has  been  conducted  the  past 
seventeen  years  by  E.  Nelson  Blake,  William  W.  Shaw  and  C.  H.  Mar- 
shall, under  the  firm  name  of  Blake,  Shaw  &  Co.  The  company  occupy 
the  entire  building,  four  stories  and  basement,  each  floor  65  X  200  feet, 
at  the  corner  of  Adams  and  Clinton  Streets.  The  firm  consume  in 
their  baking  operations  1,000  barrels  of  flour  weekly.  They  employ 
upward  of  150  persons  in  their  extensive  business,  and  their  weekly 
pay-roll  is  about  $1,200,  paid  to  help  in  said  building.  Their  city  trade 
is  enormous,  and  tliey  ship  hundreds  of  barrels  and  boxes  of  crackers, 
biscuits,  etc.,  daily  to  all  important  points  in  the  North,  South  and 
West.  Their  specialty  is  crackers  and  cakes,  absolutely  the  finest  goods 
in  the  country.  This  house  has  experienced  a  steady  growth  in  its 
business  from  the  first.  Its  bakery  is  equipped  with  every  modern 
improvement  for  successful  operation,  and  the  company  maintains  the 
most  favorable  relations  with  millers  and  producers  for  the  purchase  of 
all  its  supplies,  and  is  enabled  to  offer  its  patrons  unsurpassed  induce- 
ments. The  business  is  conducted  with  ability,  enterprise  and  judg- 
ment, and  the  company  have  an  enviable  reputation  and  command  the 
confidence  of  the  trade  to  whose  requirements  their  efforts  have  been, 
so  earnestly  and  successfully  directed. 


322  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

» 

Billings,  Sheldon  &  Co.,  dealers  in  iron  mines  and  mining  stocks. 
This  firm,  composed  of  H.  F.  Billings,  E.  P.  Sheldon,  J.  M.  Lyon  and 
Moore,  Benjamin  &  Co.,  was  established  in  1886.  Its  offices  and  Goge- 
bic  Mining  Exchange,  are  at  84  Washington  Street.  In  addition  to 
their  business  in  iron  mines  and  iron  mining  stocks,  they  also  deal  in 
mining  properties  of  every  description,  in  timber  lands,  ranches  and 
land  grants.  The  specialty  of  the  firm  is  iron  mines  in  the  Gogebic 
range,  and  iron  mining  stocks.  The  Gogebic  range,  lying  in  Ashland 
County,  Wisconsin,  and  Ontonagon  County,  Michigan,  has  recently 
attracted  interested  attention  because  of  the  wonderful  developments 
and  discoveries  of  immense  bodies  of  iron  ore  in  that  district.  Many 
valuable  mines  have  been  developed,  and  many  more  only  await  the 
hand  of  enterprise  to  yield  up  their  wealth  to  those  who  will  invest  in 
them  and  utilize  their  resources.  The  soft  and  workable  nature  of  the 
ore,  and  its  close  proximity  to  the  surface,  makes  the  mining  much 
cheaper  than  in  competing  districts.  Messrs.  Billings,  Sheldon  &  Co. 
are  in  a  position  to  offer  valuable  mining  property  and  stock  in  pro- 
ducing mines  on  advantageous  terms,  and  they  will  make  quotations  to 
any  person  who  may  feel  interested  in  the  rich  iron  deposits  of  the 
wonderful  Gogebic  region. 

C.  Jurgens  &  Bro.,  14  and  16  Calhoun  Place,  are  practical  and 
skilful  electrotypers  and  stereotypers,  and  conduct  one  of  the  best 
equipped  establishments  in  their  line  in  the  West.  The  house  was 
established  in  May,  1884,  by  C.  E.  Perry  &  Co.,  the  firm  being  com- 
posed of  C.  R.  Perry  and  A.  P.  Sandberg.  Mr.  Perry  retired,  in  Octo- 
ber of  the  same  year,  when  Mr.  Sandberg  and  Mr.  C.  Jurgens  succeeded 
to  the  business,  under  the  name  of  Sandberg  &  Jurgens.  On  the  death 
of  Mr.  .sandberg,  in  February,  1885,  Mr.  Jurgens  took  charge,  and  was 
joined  by  his  brother  Frederick  the  following  June.  The  concern  has 
an  extensive  city  trade,  and  does  a  large  business  with  all  parts  of 
Illinois  and  Michigan.  The  firm  have  all  the  latest  and  most  approved 
machinery,  including  two  of  the  most  powerful  batteries  ever  in  use. 
Only  the  most  skillful  workmen  are  employed,  and  only  the  best 
material  used,  as  the  rule  is  to  make  the  business  satisfactory  in  every 
respect  through  the  superior  excellence  of  their  work,  their  prompt- 
ness in  its  execution,  and  their  reasonable  charges.  They  keep  in  stock 
leads,  slugs,  metal  furniture  and  tint  plates,  and  handle  all  kinds  of 
type,  cuts,  borders,  etc.,  and  also  fill  all  orders  for  engravers'  wood, 
and  for  wood,  photo  and  wax  engraving,  in  all  of  which  lines  they  do  a 
large  and  steadily  increasing  business. 


MARQVIS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


323 


Fuller  &  Warren  Company,  No.  56  Lake  Street,  proprietors  of  the 
Clinton  Stove  Works,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  are  the  recognized  leaders  in  the 
wholesale  stove  trade  not  only  in  Chicago  and  the  west,  but  of  the 
entire  country.  The  Clinton  Stove  Works  were  established  in  Troy  in 
1831,  over  a  half-century  ago,  and  since  that  time  they  have  manu- 
factured a  greater  variety  and  a  larger  annual  production  of  first-class 

goods  than  any  other  es- 
tablishment of  a  kindred 
nature.  From  a  small 
beginning  the  concern 
has  steadily  grt>wn  to  its 
present  vast  proportions, 
and  to-day  its  '  goods 
are  in  demand  in  all  the 
markets  of  the  civilized 
world.  The  works  at 
Troy  are  of  mammoth 
proportions  ;  they  cover 
an  area  of  nearly  six 
acres  of  ground.  The 
principal  stores  of  the 
company  are  at  Troy, 
Chicago,  Cleveland  and 
New  York  City.  The 
Chicago  house  was  open- 
ed in  1862,  and  the  first 
building  occupied,  with 
all  its  contents,  was 
burned  in  the  great  fire 
of  1871.  But  it  was  not 
long  till  the  present 
commodious  store  at  56 
Lake  Street  was  erected. 
The  building  has  five 
stories  and  a  basement. 

The  iron  front,  with  its  spacious  plate-glass  windows,  is  thirty-two 
feet  in  width,  and  the  store  extends  through  to  the  next  street,  a  dis- 
tance of  170  feet.  It  was  built  expressly  for  the  purpose,  and  is  pro- 
vided with  every  possible  convenience  for  the  rapid  handling  of  the 
extensive  business. 


FULLER  &  WARREN  COMPANY,  No.  56  LAKE  STREET. 


324  MARQUIS*  HAND-BOOK  OF  CfflCAGO. 

The  managers',  book-keepers',  and  general  offices  are  located  on  the 
main  floor,  at  the  right  of  the  center,  the  remainder  of  the  floor  and  the 
entire  floors  above  being  used  exclusively  for  the  display  of  samples. 
The  basement,  third,  fourth  and  rear  half  of  the  fifth  floors,  are  used 
for  the  storage  of  manufactured  goods.  The  front  half  of  the. fifth 
story  contains  a  tin  shop,  where  a  large  force  of  workmen  are  employed 
in  the  constmction  of  furnace  casings,  hot-air  pipes,  etc.,  used  by  the 
local  furnace  department.  In  addition  to  the  Lake  Street  establish- 
ment a  large  warehouse  is  also  required  for  storing  the  extensive  vari- 
ety which  it  is  necessary  to  carry  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  trade. 
This  warehouse  is  situated  on  the  north  pier.  It  is  five  stories  in 
height,  75X200  feet,  and  thoroughly  equipped  for  the  purpose.  The 
stock  carried  embraces  a  complete  assortment  of  the  various  styles  of 
stoves,  ranges  and  hot-air  furnaces  manufactured  by  the  Clinton  Stove 
Works,  which  includes  everything  in  these  lines  that  is  demanded  by 
the  western  trade.  The  transactions  of  the  Chicago  house  are  confined 
exclusively  to  the  wholesale  trade. 

C.  K.  Luce  &  Co.,  manufacturers'  agents,  152  and  154  Lake  Street. 
This  firm  was  .established  two  years  ago,  Mr.  Luce  having  been  con- 
nected with  another  leading  house  for  thirteen  years  previous  to  em- 
barking in  this  .business.  They  are  agents  for  the  Backus  fire-place 
steam  heater,  the  Backus  patent  improved  bit  brace,  the  Globe  horse- 
nails,  etc.,  and  add  constantly  to  their  line  new  and  staple  articles  in 
hardware.  They  make  a  specialty  of  the  Backus  steam  heater,  a  device 
of  great  merit  which  can  be  used  in  any  room  without  stovepipe  or 
chimney  connection  and  can  be  moved  at  pleasure,  using  either  oil  or 
gas.  The  oil  burner  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  heating  offices,  parlors, 
dining  rooms  and  sleeping  apartments,  and  a  great  convenience  for 
sick-rooms,  the  temperature  of  which  can  be  regulated  more  surely  by 
them  than  any  other  means.  But  very  little  time  is  consumed  in  keep- 
ing them  in  order,  and  ashes,  smoke,  smell  and  dirt  are  avoided  by 
their  use.  The  trade  in  these  heaters  is  constantly  increasing,  attest- 
ing their  growth  in  public  favor.  w 

Ira  H.  Tubbs  Mfg.  Co..  carriages,  harness,  etc.,  356  Wabash  Avenue. 
This  representative  Chicago  industry  was  established  in  1871,  and  was 
this  year  incorporated  with  a  capital  stock  of  $30,000.  Ira  H.  Tubbs 
is  president  and  treasurer,  and  W.  H.  Tubbs,  secretary.  From  thirty 
to  forty  men  are  regularly  employed  at  the  works,  356  Wabash  Avenue, 
where  10,000  sets  of  harness  are  turned  out  yearly.  The  firm  deal,  at 


MARQUIS1   HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO.  325 

wholesale  and  retail,  in  carnages,  landaus,  victories,  robes,  harness, 
road  carts,  cutters,  blankets,  halters,  whips,  etc.,  but  their  specialty  is 
the  wholesale  harness  trade.  They  manufacture  harness  very  largely, 
and  exchange  with  carriage  makers  in  all  sections  of  the  country.  They 
make  a  specialty  of  selling  complete  outfits  of  horse  furnishing  goods, 
carriage  and  harness  at  low  prices,  and  are  always  open  to  a  ti'ade 
for  horses  and  ponies.  Their  harness  manufactory  is  at  62  North 
Canal  Street,  and  is  a  scene  of  busy  industry.  Mr.  George  Gale  is 
salesman  and  business  manager  of  the  company.  He  is  a  practical,  ex- 
perienced man,  and  knows  just  how  to  handle  their  extensive  affairs 
successfully,  and  the  good  results  the  business  is  experiencing  are 
due  largely  to  his  well-directed  efforts. 

Fitz  Simons  &  Connell,  contractors  for  public  works,  dealers  in 
lumber,  etc.,  1  and  2  Sibley  Building,  2  and  4  North  Clark  Street.  The 
business  prosecuted  by  this  enterprising  and  widely-known  firm  was 
begun  in  1868  by  Gen.  Charles  Fitz  Simons,  who  has  associated  with 
him  C.  J.  Connell.  The  firm  contract  for  dredging,  foundations, 
docking,  canals,  railroads,  piers,  etc.,  and  for  public  works  specially, 
and  deal  in  pine  and  oak  timber.  The  company  own  five  dredges, 
which  are  constantly  in  operation  on  the  pier  and  in  the  harbor,  and 
at  various  points  on  the  lake.  Three  of  these  dredges  were  built  at  a 
cost  of  $25,000  each.  The  firm  put  in  the  foundation  of  every  double 
bridge  in  Chicago.  They  have  lumber  yards  and  saw  mill  on  the  north 
pier,  with  800  feet  dock  front,  over  200  feet  in  depth.  This  company 
built,  the  Fullertou  Avenue  conduit,  connecting  the  north  branch  of  the 
Chicago  Kiver  with  the  lake,  and  constructed  many  other  important 
public  works.  The  firm  is  entirely  responsible,  and  have  every  facility 
for  the  successful  prosecution  of  great  public  works,  and  undoubted 
ability  to  fulfill  all  contracts  promptly  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  and  on 
reasonable  terms. 

The  Mutual  Trust  Society,  No.  95  Washington  Street,  was  organized 
in  March,  1867,  with  $300,000  capital.  It  is  managed  by  a  Board  of 
Trustees,  with  Thos.  B.  Bryan,  president ;  John  D.  Jennings,  vice-pres- 
ident ;  Samuel  D.  Ward,  treasurer ;  Franklin  Hatheway,  cashier.  The 
objects  of  the  organization  are  to  execute  trusts,  manage  and  settle 
estates,  make  safe  and  profitable  investments,  arrange  annuities,  make 
collections,  etc.,  in  all  of  which  it  has  many  advantages  over  individual 
trustees,  and  gives  every  desirable  guarantee.  The  charter  being  per- 
petual, the  corporation  can  continue  in  charge  of  a  trust  for  any  length 


326 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


of  time.  Mr.  Bryan  was  the  founder  of  the  first  safe  depository  in 
Chicago.  Mr.  Ward  is  highly  esteemed  for  his  able  and  faithful  execu- 
tion of  many  public  and  private  trusts. 

The  E.  Howard  Watch  and  Clock  Co.,  manufacturers  of  fine  watches 
and  clocks;  Chicago  office,  170  State  Street.  This  well-known  Boston 
house  established  their  Chicago  branch  in  January,  1886.  It  is  under 
the  efficient  and  energetic  management  of  Mr.  H.  E.  Howard.  The 
company  is  the  pioneer  in  the  business  of  manufacturing  watches  by 
machinery,  having  preceded  all  others  in  this  great  industry.  They 

manufacture  exclusively  fine  watches 
and  clocks  in  all  styles,  and  in  their 
clock  department  making  a  specialty 
of  tower  clocks,  striking  clocks,  elec- 
tric dials  and  electric  watchman's 
clocks.  The  company  does  a  large 
business,  the  superiority  of  their 
goods  and  the  solid  reputation 
achieved  by  them  having  caused  their 
trade  to  extend  to  all  parts  of  the 
world.  A  staff  of  energetic  and  ex- 
perienced traveling  men  is  employed 
to  represent  the  company  on  the 
road.  The  Chicago  branch  has  great- 
ly increased  and  extended  the  trade 
of  |the  company  in  the  West  and 
Northwest,  and  the  commodious 
salesrooms  in  this  city,  which  are 
conveniently  and  centrally  located 

are  completely  stocked  with  the  fine  watches  and  clocks  of  the  com- 
pany's manufacture,  attracting  the  patronage  of  the  trade,  by  whom 
these  goods  are  regarded  with  the  just  appreciation  due  to  their  great 
merit. 

Field,  Benedict  &  Co.,  importers  of  woolens  and  tailors'  trimmings, 
Franklin  and  Quincy  Streets.  This  business  was  established  in  1849 
by  Messrs.  Field  &  Benedict.  The  present  members  of  the  firm  are 
Messrs.  Amzi  Benedict,  Eichard  I.  and  Peter  W.  Field  and  Lewis  S. 
Perry.  They  carry  an  immense  and  well-assorted  stock  of  all  kinds  of 
woolen  cloth,  including  broadcloths,  cassimeres,  tweeds  and  other 
suitings,  which  they  import  direct  from  Great  Britain,  France  and  Ger- 
many. They  buy  direct  from  the  manufacturers,  with  \rhom  they  have 


THE  E.  HOWARD  WATCH  AND  CLOCK  Co., 
170  STATE  STREET. 


MARQUIS'  HANDBOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  327 

established  the  most  favorable  relations,  and  by  reason  of  their  large 
trade  and  as  a  result  of  their  judgment  in  buying,  they  are  enabled  to 
offer  great  inducements,  both  in  quality  and  price,  to  the  clothing 
manufacturers,  jobbers  and  dealers  who  are  their  customers.  The 
large  and  convenient  premises  occupied  by  the  firm  are  favorably 
located  in  the  heart  of  the  wholesale  business  center,  and  are  stocked 
from  top  to  bottom  with  goods.  The  firm  carries  on  an  extensive  bus- 
iness, not  only  with  the  dealers  of  this  city,  but  also  with  those  of  Kan- 
sas City,  St.  Louis,  Omaha,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  the  entire  North- 
west. All  the  partners,  except  Mr.  Peter  W.  Field,  who  has  charge  of 
the  New  York  branch  of  this  great  house,  reside  in  Chicago,  and  the 
affairs  of  the  house  are  managed  upon  progressive  and  honorable  bus- 
iness principles  which,  together  with  the  superiority  of  the  goods 
handled  by  the  firm,  account  for  the  con  tinned' growth  experienced  by 
the  business  since  its  inception  and  the  present  success  of  this  old 
and  thoroughly  reliable  house. 

C.  J.  L.  Meyer  &  Sons  Co.,  manufacturers  of  sash,  doors,  blinds  and 
interior  woodwork,  133  and  135  Wabash  Avenue.  This  business  was 
established  in  1860  by  Mr.  Charles  J.  L.  Meyer,  the  present  company 
being  incorporated  in  1883.  with  a  capital  stock  of  $300,000.  The 
officers  are:  C.  J.  L.  Meyer,  president;  H.  P.  Meyer,  vice-president, 
and  J.  P.  Meyer,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  company  manufacture 
sash,  doors,  blinds  and  every  description  of  interior  woodwork  and 
fine  wooden  mantels.  Their  large  factories  and  warehouses  at  the 
north  pier,  foot  of  Michigan  street,  consisting  of  buildings  five  and  six 
stories  high,  cover  about  two  acres  and  are  completely  equipped  with 
all  machinery  and  appliances  suitable  to  the  requirements  of  the  busi- 
ness. They  are  conveniently  located,  with  every  facility  for  the  ship- 
ment of  goods  by  rail  or  water.  Their  salesrooms  and  warehouse 
premises,  at  133  and  135  Wabash  avenue,  are  50X160  feet,  and  five 
stories  high.  The  business  of  the  company  is  very  large,  giving  con- 
stant employment  to  four  hundred  skilled  workmen,  and,  in  busy  sea- 
sons, to  a  still  larger  number;  and  in  addition  to  a  large  city  patronage, 
their  trade  extends  to  all  parts  of  the  Union,  and  is  especially  large  in 
Texas  and  all  the  Southern  States.  Mr.  C.  J.  L.  Meyer  resides  at  Fond 
du  Lac,  Wisconsin,  where  he  has  the  Fond  du  Lac  Sash  and  Door 
factory.  Mr.  J.  P.  Meyer,  the  secretary  and  treasurer,  has  the  general 
management  of  the  business  here,  and  Mr.  H.  P.  Meyer  has  charge  of 
the  outside  business  of  the  company.  The  retail  branch  at  Wabash 
Avenue  is  under  the  efficient  management  of  Mr.  G.  W.  Harrison,  who 


32S  MARQUIS'  HAtit>-BOOR   OF  CHICAGO. 

has  been  with  the  company  for  four  years.  Five  efficient  traveling 
men  represent  the  interests  of  the  company  on  the  road.  The  high 
reputation  and  great  success  of  the  company  are  the  result  of  the  uni- 
form excellence  of  their  work  and  the  correctness  of  their  business 
methods. 

Simpson,  Hall,  Miller  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  silverware,  145  and 
147  Wabash  Avenue.  This  business  was  established  fifty-two  years 
ago  by  Samuel  Simpson,  who  is  the  president  of  the  present  company, 
^\hich  was  incorporated  in  1867,  with  a  capital  stock  and  surplus  of 
$700,000.  The  other  officers  are:  Gindon  W.  Hall,  general  manager; 
A.  Andrews,  secretary,  and  Charles  D.  Yale,  treasurer.  The  factory  is 
«t  Wallingford,  Conn.,  and  employs  four  hundred  skilled  workmen. 
The  main  stores  of  the  company  are  at  New  York,  Philadelphia  and 
Chicago,  and  their  business  amounts  to  $1,200,000  annually.  Their 
goods  are  of  standard  and  acknowledged  excellence,  and  their  trade 
extends  all  over  the  world.  Twelve  experienced  traveling  men  are 
employed  by  the  company.  The  Chicago  branch,  which  is  under  the 
careful  and  efficient  management  of  Mr.  N.  M.  Burchard,  has  steadily 
increased  the  local  and  Western  trade  and  materially  aided  in  the  suc- 
cess of  the  company. 

Rhoads  &  Ramsey  Co..  miners  and  shippers  of  coal  and  coke,  and 
manufacturers  and  dealers  in  sewer-pipe,  fire-brick,  fire-clay  and 
foundry  supplies;  general  office,  107  LaSalle  Street,  Chieago.  This 
company,  of  which  Theo.  Rhoads  is  president,  C.  H.  Vehmeyer,  vice- 
president,  W.W.  Ramsey,  treasurer,  and  W.  B.  Mather,  secretary,  receive 
large  quantities  of  best  quality  of  Indiana  block  coal  from  mines  at 
Brazil,  Indiana,  and  Pittsburg  coal  from  mines  near  Pittsburg.  They 
also  receive  large  quantities  of  anthracite,  Hocking,  Brier  Hill  and 
Piedmont  smithing  coal.  Their  Connellsville  coke  is  acknowledged  to 
be  the  best  for  rolling-mill  and  foundry  use.  They  have  three  yards 
for  the  benefit  of  their  trade,  from  which  they  will  deliver  any  of  the 
above  c::als  in  any  quantity  at  desire  of  the  trade.  Their  extensive 
yards  are  located  at  89  North  Elizabeth  Street,  35th  and  Clark  Streets, 
and  at  Englewood.  At  all  these  yards  they  carry  a  full  stock  of  sewer- 
pipe,  fire-brick,  fire-clay,  etc.,  and  the  yards  are  connected  with  the 
general  office  by  telephone,  enabling  the  filling  of  all  orders  promptly. 
All  the  yards  are  connected  directly  with  the  railroads,  and  coal  of  all 
kinds  is  received  fresh  from  mines  daily.  The  business  of  the  firm  is 
very  large,  and  supplies  with  coal  the  leading  industrial  establishments 
of  the  city,  and  also  ship  largely  to  points  west  of  Chicago. 


MARQUIS1  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


320 


STUDEBAKER  BROS.'  NEW  CARRIAGE  FACTORY  AND  REPOSITORY,  203,  204,  205  AND  206 
MICHIGAN  AVENUE  BOULEVARD.  » 

The  four  upper  flours  and  basement  of  this  building  are  devoted  to 
manufacturing  purposes,  and  the  four  lower  floors  are  used  as  a  reposi- 
tory, filled  with  all  the  leading  styles  of  carriages  and  buggies,  and  a 
complete  line  of  novelties.  The  manufacturing  department  is  under 
the  personal  direction  of  Mr.  J.  F.  Studebaker,  who  has  made  the 
building  of  fine  carriages  a  life  study,  and  who  possesses  the  combined 
tastes  of  the  best  manufacturers  in  Europe  and  America.  The  Messrs. 
Studebaker  also  carry  a  full  line  of  harness,  robes,  whips  and  turf 
goods. 


330  MARQUIS"   HAND-BOOK  Off  CHICAGO. 

Sweet,  Wallach  &  Co.,  photographers'  supplies,  229  and  231  State 
Street.  This  business  was  established  in  18G5,  by  Charles  W.  Stevens, 
who  was  succeeded  by  Douglas,  Thompson  &  Co.,  he  remaining  a  part- 
ner in  that  firm  until  January  1,  1886,  when  they  were  succeeded  by 
Dexter  B.  Sweet  and  John  F.  Wallach,  under  the  firm  name  of  Sweet, 
Wallach  <fe  Co.  This  firm  are  importers,  manufacturers  and  jobbers 
in  every  description  of  photographers'  supplies,  including  cameras, 
lenses,  backgrounds,  frames,  mats  and  all  the  standard  and  most  recent 
publications  on  the  art  of  photography  and  kindred  subjects.  Their 
premises  are  commodious  and  conveniently  located  in  the  heart  of  the 
business  center,  and  their  stock  is  large  and  diversified,  embracing 
everything  in  their  line.  They  have  a  large  force  employed  in  their 
warehouse,  salesroom,  manufacturing  and  shipping  departments,  to 
fill  the  numerous  orders  which  they  daily  receive  from  all  sections  of 
the  country,  and  have  a  mimber  of  commercial  men  on  the  road,  who 
are  pi'actical  photographers,  extending  their  field  of  operations,  and 
securing  for  Chicago  a  large  and  valuable  line  of  trade  which  formerly 
went  to  the  East.  The  business  of  the  house,  which  had  reached  large 
proportions  under  the  management  of  their  predecessors,  has  greatly 
augmented,  as  a  consequence  of  the  energetic  and  enterprising  methods 
of  the  present  firm,  the  members  of  which  are  practical  and  experi- 
enced and  attentive  to  every  detail  of  the  business.  Their  facilities 
are  of  the  best  character,  and  their  promptness  in  filling  orders,  the 
superiority  of  their  goods,  and  the  liberal  inducements  offered  to  their 
customers  have  combined  to  achieve  for  them  an  assured  and  merited 
success. 

B.  D.  Baldwin  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  perfumes,  177  Wabash  Ave- 
nue. This  firm  is  an  old-established  one,  and  the  goods  produced  by 
them  are  well  and  favorably  known  to  the  trade  by  reason  of  their  su- 
perior quality.  Their  manufactory  and  stcre  are  completely  fitted  to 
suit  the  requirements  of  their  business,  which  extends  to  every  part  of 
the  Union,  seven  experienced  traveling  men  being  employed  to  repre- 
sent them  on  the  road,  and  their  trade  is  constantly  increasing  as  a 
result  of  the  merit  of  their  goods  and  the  correctness  of  their  business 
methods.  The  affairs  of  the  house  are  supervised  by  Mr.  B.  D.  Bald- 
win, to  whose  judicious  management  may  be  attributed  the  success 
achieved  by  the  firm. 

B.  O.  Van  Bokkelen,  manufacturers'  agent  and  commission  mer- 
chant, 46  and  48  Michigan  Avenue.  This  business  was  established  in 
1878  by  Mr.  Van  Bokkelen,  who  represents  some  of  the  leading  houses 


MARQUIS'  HAND-kOOE  OF  CHICAGO.  331 

in  the  United  States,  including  among  others  C.  Gilbert,  manufactures 
of  starch;  the  E.  W.  Bell  Manufacturing  Co.,  soap  and  sal-soda;  the 
Dunham  Manufacturing  Co.,  St.  Louis,  cocoanut;  the  Quaker  Mill  Co., 
Kavenna,  0.,  oatmeal  and  rolled  oats;  Winters  &  Prophet,  Mt.  Morris, 
N.  Y.,  canned  corn;  Littiefield,  Allison  &  Co.,  San  Francisco,  California, 
fruits,  etc.;  Southern  California  Packing  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  canned 
fruits,  etc.  Mr.  Van  Bokkelen  makes  a  specialty  of  California  raisins. 
He  employs  fourteen  salesmen,  packers  and  clerks,  and  does  an  exten- 
sive trade  throiighout  the  West  and  Northwest.  He  is  a  practical  and 
experienced  business  man,  and  has  achieved  success  as  the  result  of  his 
industry  and  enterprise. 

W.  W.  Boyington,  architect,  room  107,  No.  157  LaSalle  Street. 
Established  in  Chicago  about  thirty  years  ago,  and  continuously 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  ever  since,  Mr.  Boyington  has 
achieved  a  reputation  as  an  architect  not  surpassed  by  any  in  this 
country.  That  great  triumph  of  the  architectural  art,  the  new  Board  of 
Trade  building,  was  built  from  his  designs  after  competition  with  all 
the  leading  architects.  This  immense  structure,  built  at  an  expense  of 
$1,500,000,  is  the  pride  of  Chicago.  Many  others  of  the  most  prom- 
inent buildings  in  this  city  attest  the  skill  of  Mr.  Boyington,  among 
them  the  Kock  Island  and  Northwestern  depots,  the  Royal  insurance 
building,  the  Grand  Pacific  hotel,  the  Sherman  house.  In  the  general 
rebuilding  of  the  city  after  the  great  fire  of  1871,  Mr.  Boyington  bore 
a  prominent  part,  having  in  charge  three  miles  of  continuous  street 
front  of  buildings.  His  extensive  patronage  by  the  wealthiest  and 
most  enterprising  of  our  citizens  has  been  achieved  by  proficiency  and 
his  careful  supervision  of  every  detail  of  his  business. 

Dahinten,  Feulner  &  Scott,  art  glass-stainers,  16  and  18  Third 
Avenue.  This  firm  is  composed  of  F.  X.  Dahinten,  Sr.,  John  Feulner,  and 
John  Scott.  The  business  was  established  some  two  years  since,  at  16 
and  18  Third  Avenue,  and  has  built  up  a  large  trade,  extending  all 
over  the  country.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  practical  men,  with  a 
long  experience  in  this  special  line  of  business.  This  house  does  first- 
class  work,  which  has  attracted  a  deal  of  attention,  and  in  consequence 
of  their  superior  quality  of  stained  wares  has  built  up  a  large  business. 
The  house  furnishes  church  work,  stained  memorial  and  chancel 
windows,  and  work  for  public  buildings  and  private  residences.  Their 
factory  and  storerooms  at  16  and  18  Third  Avenue  are  commodious  and 
convenient,  and  well  calculated  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  their 
business,  each  room  being  30X60  feet* 


332  MARQUIS'  HANDBOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Monrad,  Pushman  &  Co.,  importers  and  commission  merchants  in 
Turkish  goods,  215  Wabash  Avenue.  This,  the  only  establishment  in  its 
special  line  in  the  city,  is  under  the  management  of  G.  M.  Monrad  and  H. 
T.  Pushman,  both  of  whom  have  had  a  large  experience  in  this  branch 
of  trade,  being  Turkish  Armenians  and  acquainted  with  the  goods  they 
handle,  which  includes  Turkish  rugs,  Oriental  carpets,  embroideries 
and  art  treasures.  They  have  been  established  here  three  years  and 
had  a  similar  store  in  New  York  for  two  years  before  coming  here. 
Their  trade  has  grown  since  its  inception  and  extends  to  all  parts  of 
the  country,  the  great  merit  of  their  goods  securing  them  the  success 
they  have  achieved. 

L.  B.  Mantonya  &  Co.,  wholesale  commission  boots  and  shoes,  227, 
229  and  231  Adams  Street,  Chicago,  111.  This  house  was  established 
in  1865  by  Lucius  B.  Mantonya,  and  is  the  oldest  and  largest  exclusive 
commission  boot  and  shoe  house  in  the  city.  They  sell  bankrupt 
stocks  and  job  lots  of  boots  and  shoes  from  manufacturers,  jobbers  and 
retailers,  and  also  have  a  large  line  of  boots,  shoes  and  slippers  from 
manufacturers  who  must  find  an  outlet  for  their  over-productions. 
They  are  also  sole  agents  for  the  production  of  many  makes,  such  as 
the  Rochester  Seminary  and  the  Queen  Anne  shoes  for  ladies  and 
misses,  the  Pilgrim  for  men,  the  Nabob  for  boys  and  youths,  the  Col- 
lege Philadelphia  grain  for  children's  and  misses'  school  shoe,  the  genu- 
ine Sucker  boots  in  Chicago  kip,  real  kip  and  calf,  and  the  Boston  Ideal 
Kubber  Co.  Country  merchants  should  call  upon  them  when  visiting 
Chicago,  or  send  for  their  beautiful  illustrated  price  list. 

Palmer  House  Livery,  Leroy  Payne,  proprietor,  1G9  to  173  Michi- 
gan Avenue.  This  business  was  established  by  Mr.  Payne  in  1875, 
after  an  extensive  experience  in  the  same  line  in  other  cities,  at  145 
Michigan  Avenue.  The  rapid  increase  in  his  patronage  caused  him  to 
lemove,  in  1880,  to  the  commodious  buildings  which  he  now  occupies, 
and  which  are  not  surpassed  in  extent  or  equipments  by  any  establish- 
ment of  its  kind  in  the  West.  His  stable  is  stocked  with  fine  roadsters 
and  carriage  horses,  and  his  carriages  are  of  the  best  makes  and 
include  coaches,  coupes,  buggies,  victorias,  T-carts.  road-wagons,  etc., 
in  great  variety.  A  large  force  of  skillful  assistants  are  employed  in 
each  department  of  the  business,  and  the  excellence  of  the  service  and 
the  superiority  of  the  animals  and  vehicles  provided  by  this  livery  have 
earned  it  an  immense  patronage  among  the  prominent  citizens  of  and 
visitors  to  the  city.  The  guests  of  the  Palmer,  Leland  and  other  first- 
class  hotels  patronize  this  livery  extensively.  A  valuable  adjunct  to. 


MARQUIS' HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  333 

this  business  is  the  "Horse's  Home,"  at  Chebanse,  111.,  fitted  up  at  a 
great  expense  as  a  resort  where  animals  can  rest,  recuperate  or  go  into 
comfortable  winter  quarters,  Avith  nearly  half  a  mile  of  stalls,  large  pad- 
docks, a  half-mile  track  and  ample  accommodations  for  500  horses.  A 
large  oval-shaped  building,  one -eighth  of  a  mile  in  circumference,  has 
recently  been  added  at  an  expense  of  $20,000,  enclosing  a  track  for 
exercising  horses  in  extremely  cold  or  other  inclement  weather.  A  40- 
horse  power  engine  is  used  for  grinding  grain  and  cutting  hay  for  the 
horses,  and  with  careful  grooming  and  constant  attention  this  great 
equine  resort  justifies  the  name  it  bears.  The  farm  rates  are  low,  con- 
sidering the  service,  and  transportation  is  furnished  free  both  ways  for 
horses  sent  for  two  months  or  more. 

American  Waltham  Watch  Company,  Bobbins  <fe  Appleton,  selling 
agents,  104  State  Street,  Chicago,  111.;  also  represented  at  New  York, 
Boston,  Sj'dney,  N.  S.  W.,  London,  England,  and  Geneva,  Switzerland.' 
The  nucleus  of  this  corporation  was  established  at  Waltham,  Mass., 
in  1852,  since  which  time  its  growth  has  been  phenomenal.  Their 
present  daily  production  exceeds  1,500  movements,  and  an  equal 
quantity  of  watch  cases,  employing  in  all  the  departments  of  manufact- 
ure upwards  of  3,500  skilled  workmen.  It  may  interest  th'e  reader  to 
know  that  the  average  Waltham  movement  undergoes  3,746  opera- 
tions in  the  process  of  making,  requiring  an  average  of  twelve 
months  to  complete.  No  American  industry  has  made  such  substantial 
progress  as  the  science  of  watch-making,  and  its  success  can  be  at- 
tributed solely  to  the  untiring  vim  and  enterprise  common  to  our  peo- 
ple. It  is  unnecessary  to  laud  the  time-keeping  qualities  of  the  Wal- 
tham Avatch.  Over  3,000,000  of  them  are  now  being  carried  in  the 
pockets  of  consumers,  who  will,  no  doubt,  attest  to  their  merits. 

Chandler-Brown  Co.,  commission  merchants,  by  close  application  to 
the  interests  of  their  cus'tomers  and  honorable  dealing  for  the  past 
twenty  years  and  upwards,  have  earned  for  themselves  a  reputation 
second  to  none  in  the  business.  Their  specialties  are  grain,  seeds  and 
provisions.  Their  Chicago  office  is  in  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  Mil- 
waukee office,  Chamber  of  Commerce.  They  are  also  receivers  of  live 
stock,  with  offices  at  the  Stock  Yards  in  both  cities.  They  are  strong 
financially,  their  acquaintance  is  extensive,  and  by  their  correct  bus- 
iness methods  have  earned  and  maintain  a  leading  position  with  the 
trade  here  and  elsewhere.  The  officers  of  the  company  are:  E.  H. 
Chandler,  president;  G.  W.  Chandler,  treasurer,  Milwaukee;  and  <T, 
Austin  Brown,  secretary,  Chicago, 


334  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Oscar  Cobb,  theatrical  constructor,  architect  and  superintendent, 
Major  block.  Mr.  Cobb  has  for  years  devoted  his  attention  to  the 
architectural  designing  and  construction  of  theatres,  etc.  He  has  made 
a  special  study  of  the  subject,  and  is  believed  to  be  the  safest  authority 
upon  it  in  the  country.  He  is  the  inventor  and  proprietor  of  most 
that  is  valuable  in  the  way  of  new  discoveries  in  regard  to  the  safety, 
comfort  and  adornment  of  theatres,  such  as  fire-proof  proscenium 
screens,  side  graduating  or  drop  boxes,  undercurrent  system  of  heat 
and  ventilation,  fire-proof  asbestos  drop-curtain,  upper  front  proscen- 
ium head-light,  stage  smoke  escape  and  ventilation,  all  of  which  have 
met  with  remarkable  success  and  a  complete  recognition  of  •  their  prac- 
tical utility.  Among  other  theatres  built  or  remodeled  in  accordance 
with  his  plans  and  designs  are:  "VVieting  Opera  House,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.; 
Grand  Opera  House,  Minneapolis,  Minn.;  the  Columbia  Theatre,  Chi- 
cago, 111.;  Grand  Opera  House,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Schultz  &  Co.'s  Opera 
House,  ZanesviJle,  0.;  Coates'  Opera  House,  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  Academy 
of  Music,  Chicago,  111.;  Keokuk  Opera  House,  Keokuk,  la.;  Standard 
Theatre,  Chicago,  111.;  Heuck's  New  Opera  House,  Cincinnati,  O.; 
Louisville  Opera  House,  Louisville,  Ky.;  New  Grand  Opera  House,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.'  Mr.  Cobb's  business  flourishes  because  of  the  peculiar  and 
exceptional  ability  and  zeal  which  he  brings  to  every  commission  en- 
trusted to  his  hands. 

George  H.  Edbrooke,  architect,  110  Dearborn  Street,  has  been 
engaged  in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession  in  Chicago  for  about 
twenty-three  years,  and  has  achieved  a  reputation  as  a  leader  among  the 
architects  of  Chicago,  and  has  aided  by  his  skill  and  taste  in  the  great 
architectural  improvement  in  the  city  since  the  fire  of  1871.  He  attends 
to  all  the  details  of  his  art  and  the  business  connected  with  it,  gives  esti- 
mates, furnishes  plans  and  supervises  the  constraction  of  buildings 
from  his  designs.  Among  the  buildings  erected  upon  the  plans  and 
under  thedirection  of  Mr.  Edbrooke  may  be  mentioned  the  Otis  Block, 
Old  Kepublic  Life  Insurance  building,  J.  M.  W.  Jones  building,  Adams 
Express,  Hiram  Sibley's  fire-proof  warehouses,  Chicago  College  of 
Physicians  And  Surgeons,  Chicago  Homeopathic  College,  the  South 
Congregational  Church,  and  many  other  important  business  and  public 
edifices,  as  well  as  a  large  number  of  the  finest  residence  buildings  in 
Chicago.  He  is  also  the  architect  of  many  public  and  private  build- 
ings at  the  East  and  throughout  the  West,  and  has  now  in  course  of 
erection  a  ten-story  block,  for  commercial  purposes,  both  in  St.  Louis 
and  Detroit,  that  will  be,  for  the  uses  designed,  far  superior  to  any 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  335 

structure  in  either  city.  Mr.  Edbrooke  is  master  of  his  art,  and  the 
buildings  planned  by  him  are  much  admired  for  their  happy  combina- 
tion of  the  practical  -with  the  artistic,  and  the  careful  attention  given 
to  every  minute  detail  of  construction.  Among  the  many  elegant  private 
residences  designed  by  him,  his  own  dwelling,  at  No.  3316  Calumet  Ave- 
nue, called  the  "Amoy  Cottage,"  is  a  beautiful  example  of  the  Queen 
Anne  style,  and  is  a  model  of  convenience  and  exquisite  taste.  His 
success  in  his  profession  has  been  very  great  and  has  been  fully 
deserved,  as  being  the  result  of  a  conscientious  performance  of  every- 
thing he  has  undertaken  and  the  great  skill  with  which  he  has  executed 
every  commission. 

S.  J.  Stebbins,  builders'  hardware,  231  State  Street.  This  business 
was  established  in  1860  by  Jones  &  Keardon,  the  firm  afterward  be- 
coming Jones  &  Stebbins,  and  now  being  conducted  by  Mr.  Stebbins 
as  successor.  The  salesrooms  and  offices  are  centrally  located,  and  the 
stock  embraces  a  full  line  of  builders'  and  genei-al  hardware,  is  well 
assorted  and  the  product  of  the  best  manufactories.  The  house  does  a 
large  trade  Avith  builders  and  contractors  in  this  city  and  all  parts  of 
the  West,  and  also  sells  largely  to  jobbers  and  dealers.  By  careful 
supervision  of  every  detail  of  business,  promptness  in  filling  orders, 
and  the  application  of  correct  methods  to  all  his  transactions,  Mr.  Steb- 
bins has  maintained  the  high  reputation  established  by  this  house  and 
achieved  a  merited  success  and  the  confidence  of  the  trade. 

William  C.  Stevens  &  Co.,  foreign  and  American  works  of  art,  24 
and  26  Adams  Street.  Mr.  Stevens  is  the  leading  representative  of  art 
in  the  West.  He.  commenced  business  in  Chicago  nine  years  since, 
and  is  associated  with  Mr.  Charles  F.  Haseltine,  of  Philadelphia,  the 
largest  importer  of  works  of  art  in  the  United  States,  who,  several  times 
a  year,  exhibits  and  places  on  sale  at  the  Stevens'  gallery  fresh  Euro- 
pean importations.  Last  year  this  house  sold  one  picture  alone  for 
$55,000 — Meissonier's"Viclette," — the  purchaser  being  Mr.  Albert  A. 
Munger.  The  Stevens  galleries  are  large,  well  lighted  and  usually  hung 
with  many  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  paintings  by  eminent  artists. 
Mr.  Stevens  manufactures  artistic  frames  to  order,  the  framing  and 
carving  being  hand  work.  In  his  extensive  storerooms  are  displayed 
proof  engravings,  etchings,  etc.  Mr.  Stevens'  patronage  embraces 
wealthy  art  connoisseurs,  and  he  issues  special  invitations  and  gives  art 
receptions  two  or  three  times  a  year— whenever  he  has  an  exhibition  or 
new  importation  of  famous  paintings — which  are  society  events  of  con- 
siderable importance. 


336  MARQUIS'    HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

A.  Zinn  &  Sons,  machine  and  hand-sewed  shoes,  24  State  Street. 
This  firm,  established  two  years  ago,  are  wholesale  manufacturers  of 
fine  shoes  for  women's,  misses',  children's  and  infants'  wear  exclusively. 
Mr.  A.  Zinn  was  formerly  a  prominent  retailer  in  the  same  line,  and  his 
sons  and  partners,  Messrs.  Frank,  Henry  and  John  Zinn,  were  trained 
to  the  business.  The  premises  occupied  by  the  firm  are  commodious 
and  central,  and  the  stock  is  large  and  diversified.  Their  trade  has 
grown  since  its  inception  and  extends  all  over  the  West  and  North- 
west. Mr.  A.  Zinn  gives  his  personal  attention  to  the  manufacturing 
operations,  while  Mr.  Frank  Zinn  attends1  to  the  office  business,  and 
Messrs.  Henry  and  John  Zinn  travel  in  the  interest  of  the  firm.  The 
great  merit  of  the  goods  manufactured  and  the  correct  business 
methods  employed  have  earned  for  the  house  a  good  reputation  and 
substantial  success. 

C.  C,  Holton,  parlor  furniture,  lounges,  etc.,  224-228  Wabash  Ave- 
nue.    This  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  furniture  houses  in  Chicago. 
It  occupies  five  stories,  60x160  feet,  and  employs  100  men,  and  does 
an  annual  business  of  $300,000.    Mr.  Holton  established  the  business 
in  1869,  which  he  has  successfully  prosecuted  the  past  seventeen  years. 
His  trade  reaches  every  section  of  the  country.     His  business  is  con- 
fined to  the  upholstering  of  parlor  furniture.     The  richness  and  excel- 
lence of  his  work  is  unexcelled.     Mr.  Holton  came  to  Chicago  from 
California  eighteen  years  ago,   and  has   identified  himself  with  its 
interests,  is  a  prominent  and  honored  member  of  society,  and  holds 
several  important  positions  of  honor  and  trust. 

D.  Webster  King  &  Co.,  one  of  the  most  pushing  and  energetic 
houses  in  the  country,  have  recently  located  here,  and  it  speaks  well 
for  Chicago  that  she  can  draw  within  her  borders  such  representative 
firms.     In  addition  to  their  large  and  commodious  store,  Nos.  52  and 
54  Wabash  Avenue,  they  have  stores  in  Boston,  New  York,  St.  Louis, 
and  a  resident  agent  in  Cincinnati.     Their  business  is  immense,  and 
in  their  stock  of  glue  can  be  found  the  largest  variety  of  domestic  and 
foreign  carried  by  any  house  in  this  country.     In  addition  to  their  own 
standard  grades,  so    favorably  known  throughout  the  country,  they 
carry  the  entire  stock  made  by  several  New  England  glue  factories,  and 
one  must  be  hard  to  please  who  cannot  make  a  selection  from  their 
large  variety.     They  have  for  many  years  sold  the  New  England  flint 
paper,  and  still  continue  to  handle  it  in  all  of  their  stores.     An  impor- 
tant addition  to  their  business  is  the  sale  of  Wellington  mills  London 
emery,  for  which  they  are  the  sole  "United  States  agents. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


337 


Patton  &    Fisher,  architects.  115  E.  Monroe  Street.    The  Scoville 
Institute  is  the  pride  of  the  beautiful  suburb  of  Oak  Park,  and  is  prob- 


THE  SCOVILLE  INSTITUTE,  OAK  PARK. 

ably  the  finest  library  building  in  the  West.  It  is  the  gift  of  Mr.  James 
W.  Scoville,  who  has  spared  neither  pains  nor  money  in  carrying  out 
the  designs  of  the  architects,  Messrs.  Patton  <fe  Fisher.  The  exterior  walls 
are  constructed  of  rock-faced  ashlar  of  a  handsome,  bluish  limestone, 
with  trimmings  of  buff  Bedford  limestone.  The  interior  is  thoroughly 
fire-proof.  The  broad  stairway  and  the  wainscoting  of  the  halls  are 
of  marble,  and  the  various  rooms  are  finished  in  oak  and  mahogany. 
On  the  first  floor  is  a  book  room,  to  contain  30,000  volumes,  a  reading 


338  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK    OF   CHICAGO. 

roorn,reference  library  and  reception  room.  The  second  story  contains 
a  lecture  hall  and  committee  rooms,  and  an  elegantly  furnished  suite 
of  rooms  for  the  use  of  the  trustees.  The  spacious  attic  is  used  as  a 
gymnasium.  The  ventilation  has  been  most  carefully  planned  by  the 
architects,  and  nothing  left  undone  to  make  the  building  a  model  of 
its  class  and  a  monument  to  the  generosity  of  the  donor. 

The  Pope  Manufacturing  Co.,  115  Wabash  Avenue,  manufacturers, 
of  the  Columbia  bicyles  and  tricycles.  This  company  was  established 
and  incorporated  in  1  878,  under  the  joint  stock  laws  of  Massachusetts, 
with  a  capital  of  $100,000.  The  principal  office  is  in  Boston;  Albert 
A.  Pope,  president,  and  Edward  W.  Pope,  secretary.  Their  factory  at 
Hartford,  Ct.,  which  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  employs 
400  men  and  has  a  capacity  of  fifty  machines  per  day.  This  company 
.was  the  pioneer  in  the  bicycle  business  of  America,  and  to-day  there  is 
not  a  State  in  the  Union  in  which  the  "Columbia"  is  not  a  household 
word.  The  popularity  of  the  Columbia  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  there 
are  more  of  them  sold  every  year  than  the  product  of  all  other  manu- 
facturers and  importers  combined.  In  connection  with  their  bicycles 
and  tricycles,  they  are  Westei'n  agents  for  the  Shipman  automatic  steam 
engine,  the  greatest  invention  of  the  age,  and  also  for  E.  J.  Douglas  & 
Co.'s  pleasure  and  hunting  boats  and  steam  yachts.  E.  D.  Garden, 
formerly  with  the  Boston  office,  has  full  charge  of  the  Chicago  branch, 
and  under  his  intelligent  management  the  business  is  increasing  from 
month  to  month. 

E.  H.  Sargent  &  Co.,  importers  and  dealers  in  drugs,  chemicals,  etc., 
125  State  Street.  In  1851  Mr.  Sargent  became  a  partner  in  the  house 
of  F.  Scammon  &  Co.,  one  of  the  pioneer  drug  houses  of  Chicago, 
which,  in  a  few  years,  became] Sargent  &  Ilsley,  and  in  1860  adopted  the 
present  style.  This  is  the  only  drug  house  in  the  city  that  makes  a 
specialty  of  all  kinds  of  chemicals  and  chemical  apparatus,  including 
assayers'  materials,  assayers'  furnaces  and  mining  chemicals,  and  a  full 
line  of  glass,  platiua  and  porcelain  ware  of  their  own  importation,  and 
every  known  drug  and  chemical  is  kept  in  stock.  The  firm  are  agents 
for  the  Battersea  Crucible  Co.,  of  London;  Fletcher's  laboratory  ap- 
paratus; Troemner's,  Becker's  and  the  best  German  analytical  and 
assay  balances;  Beck's  microscopes  and  Brown's  assay  furnace.  They 
are  also  publishers  of  Brown's  Manual  of  Assaying,  and  carry  surgical 
instruments  of  every  conceivable  kind,  many  of  their  own  manufacture. 
The  business  is  very  large,  the  firm  sustaining  a  high  reputation 
throughout  the  country.  Mr.  E.  H.  Sargent,  the  head  of  this  firm  has, 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  339 

at  different  times  been  honored  with  the  presidency  of  the  Chicago  Col- 
lege of  Pharmacy,  the  American  Pharmaceutical  Association,  and  more 
recently  of  the  Illinois  College  of  Pharmacy,  a  department  of  the  North- 
western University. 

L.  Manasse,  optician,  Avholesale  and  retail  dealer  in  optical,  mathe- 
matical and  surveying  instruments,  88  Madison  Street.  Manasse's 
name  is  as  a  household  word  and  is  familiar  to  every  man,  woman  and 
child  within  a  radus  of  one  hundred  miles  of  Chicago.  Manasse  is  the 
leading  optician  of  the  Northwest,  and  meteorologists  invariably  swear 
by  his  weather  reports  and  his  incomparable  thermometers.  He  estab- 
li  hed  the  business  of  optician  in  this  city  in  1868,  and  ever  since  has 
taken  the  lead  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  spectacles  and  eye- 
glasses, opera  and  field  glasses,  telescopes,  microscopes,  barometers, 
therrnoineters,  medical  batteries,  artificial  human  eyes,  and  in  the  im- 
portation of  drawing  materials  for  engineers,  architects,  surveyors  and 
draughtsmen.  Mr.  Manasse  is  a  practical  optician,  and  in  the  depart- 
ment of  scientific  knowledge  of  the  eye  is  an  acknowledged  expert.  He 
has  made  the  manufacture  of  optical  instruments  a  scientific  study, 
which  he  has  put  to  practical  application  all  his  life,  both  in  Germany 
and  in  America.  His  business  occupies  three  floors  of  the  immense 
building,  88  Madison  Street.  His  trade  extends  all  over  the  Eastern 
and  Western  country,  orders  by  mail  and  express  being  received  daily. 
A  large  force  of  men  are  constantly  employed  both  in  his  manufactur- 
ing establishment  and  in  the  store.  Mr.  Manasse's  meteorological 
reports,  which  have  been  regularly  kept  up  for  a  number  of  years  and 
daily  furnished  to  the  public,  are  standard  authority,  and  rank  with 
the  records  of  the  government  weather  bureau.  Mr.  Manasse  stands 
high  commercially,  and  is  honored  and  esteemed  socially  by  all  who 
know  him. 

Baldwin  &  Durham,  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  furniture,  280  and 
282  Wabash  Avenue.  This  firm,  composed  of  Messrs.  L.  Baldwin  and 
James  Durham,  was  established  four  years  ago.  They  carry  a  full  stock 
of  furniture,  embracing  parlor  and  bed-room  sets  and  a  general  line  of 
folding  beds,  all  of  the  finest  and  most  select  quaMty,  which  they  sell 
at  the  lowest  prices.  They  maintain  pleasant  relations  with  the  pur- 
chasing public,  and  have  a  large  trade,  extending  through  the  East, 
West  and  South.  Mr.  Baldwin  attends  to  the  office  and  financial  trans- 
actions, while  Mr.  Durham  supervises  the  buying  and  selling.  Their 
correct  business  methods  and  fairness  of  dealing  have  popularized  this 
house  with  the  public. 


340  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OP  CHICAGO. 

M.  W.  Kerwin  &  Co.,  Kentucky  whiskies,  10  and  12  Wabash  Ave- 
nue. The  members  of  this  representative  house  are  M.  W.  Kerwin  and 
M.  W.  Murphy.  The  business  was  begun  in  1871  by  Messrs.  Keely  & 
Kerwin,  who  were  subsequently  succeeded  by  the  present  proprietors. 
They  are  wholesale  dealers  in  hand-made  sour  mash  whisky  and  in 
wines  and  liquors  generally.  They  have  a  large  city  trade,  and  their 
goods  are  shipped  iu  enormous  quantities  to  all  pai'ts  of  the  Western 
and  Northwestern  country.  They  import  in  large  quantities  wines, 
brandies,  gins,  whiskies,  etc.,  and  deal  extensively  in  wines  of  native 
product  and  the  most  approved  California  vintages.  The  house  carries 
a  large  stock  of  the  best  goods,  selling  nothing  which  has  not  an  age  of 
three  years,  and  having  in  store  hundreds  of  barrels  and  thousands  of 
bottles  of  liquors  and  wines  from  four  to  eight  years  of  age. 

Charles  A.  Allen,  gold,  silver  and  nickel  plating,  182  State  Street. 
Mr.  Allen  established  himself  in  the  business  of  gold,  silver  and  nickel 
plating,  and  repairing  and  repolishing,  in  Chicago  fourteen  years  since, 
and  his  works  have  grown  in  extent  and  increased  in  the  magnitude  of 
their  operations  every  year  since  that  time.  His  plating  shop  is  fitted  up 
with  all  the  machinery,  apparatus  and  appliances  necessary  or  conven- 
ient for  the  prosecution  of  the  business,  and  the  quality  and  finish  of 
his  work  stands  high  with  the  trade.  Goods  which  are  worn  are  re- 
plated  and  refinished  and  made  as  good  as  new.  Mr.  Allen  has  always 
paid  assiduous  attention  to  his  avocation,  and  his  faithfulness  to  the 
interests  of  his  business,  and  his  systematic  and  efficient  management 
have  proven  the  prime  factors  of  a  pronounced  success.  His  business 
reputation  is  an  honorable  one,  and  his  close  attention  to  all  the  details 
of  his  business  has  attracted  a  large  and  constantly  increasing  patronage. 

E.  B.  Millar  &  Co.,  importers  of  teas,  coffees  and  spices,  41  to  43 
Wabash  Avenue.  This  business  was  established  about  ten  years  ago» 
and  was  formed  into  an  incorporation  in  1881,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$100,000.  The  officers  of  the  company  are  S.  O.  Blair,  president;  H. 
W.  Dudley,  vice-president;  G.  E.  Fuller,  secretary,  and  G.  H.  Qark, 
treasurer.  They  are  direct  importers  of  teas  from  Japan,  and  they 
make  a  specialty  of  "first  pickings  of  the  new  crop  Uji  leaf  purchased 
for  them  spacially  and  protected  under  their  trade-mark  brand  of  "The 
Mikado  Tea."  which  is  an  absolutely  pure  uncolored  tea  of  the  choicest 
quality.  They  also  import  and  roast  coffees  of  all  grades,  and 
their  mill  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  city.  They  are  also  import- 
ers and  grinders  of  spices,  in  the  selection  of  which  they  take  special 
care  to  get  nothing  but  the  best  and  purest,  protecting  them  with  their 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  341 

trade-mark  of  "Penang  Spices."  Another  specialty  of  the  firm  is  Mil- 
lar's Genuine  Cream  Tartar  Baking  Powder,  a  perfect,  practical  and 
hygienic  article  of  the  highest  merit.  The  firm  are  manufacturers  of 
mustard,  flavoring  extracts  and  other  articles  in  their  line.  Seventy- 
five  skilled  employes  are  kept  busy  in  the  operations  of  the  firm,  and 
their  trade  is  a  very  large  one,  extending  to  all  parts  of  the  West,  North- 
west and  Southwest.  Mr.  E.  B.  Millar,  who  established  this  business, 
was  an  old  importer  of  teas.  He  now  resides  in  California  and  takes  no 
active  part  in  the  business. 

E.  L.  Hedstrom  &  Co.,  shippers  of  coal,  115  Dearborn  Street.  This 
business  was  founded  in  1857  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Meeker,  and  the  present 
firm  was  founded  July  1,  1885,  by  Messrs.  E.  L.  Hedstrom  and  G.  W. 
Meeker,  Mr.  A.  B.  Meeker  then  retiring  from  the  firm.  Mr.  J.  N.  Brown 
was  admitted  into  the  firm  January  1,  1886.  The  docks  of  the  firm 
are  at  Erie  and  Boberts  Streets  on  the  North  side,  and  they  have  exten- 
sive yards  at  2348  Archer  Avenue,  and  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-fourth 
and  Clark  Streets.  About  one  hundred  men  are  employed  at  these 
establishments,  which  are  provided  with  every  facility  for  the  con- 
venient and  expeditious  handling  of  the  coal.  The  firm  deal  in  bitu- 
minous and  anthracite  coal,  and  are  the  Chicago  agents  for  the  products 
of  the  coal  mines  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Eailroad 
Company.  Their  trade  is  very  large,  extending  to  all -parts  of  the  West, 
and  they  are  at  all  times  prepared  to  supply  coal  in  any  quantity  in 
the  promptest  manner  and  at  the  lowest  market  rates. 

Chicago  Dredging  and  Dock  Company,  contractors  for  public  works, 
210  South  Water  Street.  The  officers  of  this  company,  which  was 
organized  in  1877,  are:  C.  S.  Crane,  president;  Daniel  Booth,  vice- 
president;  Frank  It.  Crane,  secretary;  William  H.  Woodbury,  treasurer; 
and  Fred  Davis,  superintendent.  The  company  contracts  for  public 
work  of  every  description,  including  canals,  railroads,  bridges,  harbors, 
foundations,  breakwaters,  etc.,  dock  and  pier  building  and  dredging. 
It  is  fully  equipped  with  the  plant  necessary  to  the  requirements  of  its 
business,  and  owns  seven  superior  dredges,  five  pile-drivers,  twenty 
hopper  and  deck  barges,  and  four  tugs,  one  of  which  is  the  largest  in 
this  harbor.  The  company  give  employment  to  three  hundred  men, 
and  possess  all  the  necessary  facilities  for  the  execution  of  any  contract 
in  their  line  of  business.  A  large  number  of  valuable  contracts  have 
been  filled  by  the  company  in  a  manner  which  has  gained  for  it  a  repu- 
tation for  good  work  and  reliability  in  all  its  operations,  and  achieved 
for  it  a  successful  career. 


342  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

Western  Moxie  Nerve  Food  Co.,  Moxie  Nerve  Food,  33  North  State 
Street.  This  company  was  incorporated  in  1886,  at  Portland,  Maine, 
and  at  Chicago,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $2,000,000,  and  officered  as 
follows:  Geofge  P.  Walker,  president  and  manager;  J.  F.  Chute,  Port- 
land, Me.,  secretary;  L.  T.  Trail,  Lowell,  Mass.,  treasurer.  The  capa- 
city of  the  laboratory  in  Chicago  is  500  cases  of  nerve  food  per  day. 
From  May  to  October  $40,000  worth  of  this  nerve  food  was  sold  in  Chi- 
cago alone.  The  manufactory  in  Chicago  is  splendidly  equipped,  and 
employs  a  large  force  of  assistants.  The  original  company,  established 
in  L885,  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  by  Dr.  A.  Thompson,  sold  upward  of  5,000,- 
000  bottles  of  Moxie  the  first  fifteen  months,  and  wholesalers  predict 
that  its  sale  next  year  will  reach  fifteen  million  bottles.  The  united 
companies  have  factories  at  Montreal,  Canada,  Lowell,  Mass.,  Roches- 
ter,  Baltimore,  Norfolk,  Va.,  Chicago,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  Galveston,  Tex., 
Denver,  Col.,  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  San  Francisco,  and  local  agencies  in 
most  principal  cities.  Their  goods  are  handled  by  wholesale  drug- 
gists, and  are  sold  everywhere  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

W.  S.  Thurber,  importer  and  dealer  in  fine  arts,  210  Wabash  Ave- 
nue. This  house,  established  in  1860,  does  a  large  business  in  Chi-, 
cago,  the  West  and  Northwest.  Mr.  Thurber's  specialty  is  fine  artistic 
framing,  and  he  deals  only  in  first-class  goods,  including  pictures,  en- 
gravings, water-colors  and  etchings  by  the  best  American  and  Euro- 
pean artists.  His  salesroom  and  art  gallery,  covering  25  X 1 30  feet,  form 
a  popular  resort  for  art  patrons,  artists  and  connoisseurs,  both  profes- 
sional and  amateur,  and  are  arranged  with  surroundings  which  appeal  to 
the  artistic  eye.  Mr.  Thurber,  who  came  to  this  city  from  Ogdensbiirg, 
N.  Y.,  has  earned  popular  recognition  and  success,  stands  high  com- 
mercially, and  has  gained  an  enviable  repxitation  and  esteem  in  bus- 
iness and  social  circles. 

H.  W.  French,  manufacturer  of  carriage  lamps,  84  and  86  Market 
Street.  This  house  was  established  twenty-two  years  since  by  Mr.  A. 
H.  Heyner,  upon  whose  decease,  two  years  ago,  Mr.  H.  W.  French,  tiie 
present  proprietor,  succeeded  to  the  ownership.  He  is  a  practical  man, 
and  with  an  adequate  Avorking  and  factory  force,  is  extensively  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  every  style  of  carriage,  hearse,  hook-and-ladder 
truck,  hose  cart,  fire  engine,  signal,  bicycle  and  side  lamps,  etc.,  in  fine 
or  cheap  grades.  Mr.  French  sells  principally  to  the  carriage  trade  and 
to  jobbing  houses,  but  has  a  good  private  patronage.  He  is  enterpris- 
ing and  progressive,  and  his  trade  is  yearly  attaining  to  vaster  and  more 
marked  commercial  importance. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO.  343 

Blauer  Watch  Case  Co.,  gold  and  silver  watch  cases,  149  and  151 
State  Street.  This  company  was  established  in  1867  by  Fred  Blauer, 
since  deceased,  and  was  incorporated  in  1883.  The  following  are  the 
officers:  Mr.  William  Dickinson,  president;  Mr.  William  C.  Taft,  vice- 
president  and  general  manager;  Mr.  Robert  W.  Patton,  secretary  and 
treasurer.  Its  capital  stock  is  $80,000.  The  company,  at  its  factory, 
123  and  125  LaSalle  Avenue,  manufactures  a  large  line  of  gold  and 
silver  watch  cases,  making  a  specialty  of  the  invisible  joint  watch  case. 
It  controls  several  valuable  patents,  which  are  utilized  in  the  manufact- 
ure of  their  watch  cases,  thus  rendering  their  goods  superior  to  those 
manufactured  by  other  firms.  This  firm  sell  only  to  jobbers,  and  have 
several  traveling  men  representing  their  interests  the  country  over. 
Mr.  Taft  has  charge  of  the  manufactory,  and  Mr.  Patton  attends  to  the 
office  and  financial  affairs.  The  president,  Mr.  Dickinson,  is  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Trade  and  a  director  of  the  National  Bank  of  America. 
The  strict  integrity  which  marks  the  company's  successful  career  has 
secured  it  the  confidence  of  the  trade  and  the  public. 

N.  A.  Williams,  dealer  in  Akron  sewer  pipe,  fire-brick,  etc.,  219 
Washington  Street.  This  business  was  established  by  Mr.  Williams  in 
1869.  The  premises  occupied  by  him  consist  of  a  commodious  three- 
story  building,  wall  stocked  with  every  species  of  articles  in  his  line, 
including  chimney  tops,  fire  flue-linings,  plaster,  fire-sand,  drain  tiles, 
fire  brick,  etc.  In  his  extensive  yards  he  carries  a  large  stock  of  fire 
brick,  cement,  fire-clay,  etc.  Mr.  Williams  is  the  sole  agent  for  the  cele- 
brated Akron  vitrified  sewer-pipe,  and  does  a  very  extensive  trade  in 
these  goods,  which  he  carries  in  all  varieties  and  large  stock,  including 
socket-pipe,  ring-pipe,  curves,  elbows,  Y's,  T's,  etc.  All  the  goods 
handled  by  him  are  of  the  best  manufacture  and  finish,  and  his  trade 
is  very  large,  aggregating  fully  $300,000  per  year  and  extending  to 
every  part  of  the  West  and  Northwest.  He  employs  fifteen  hands  with 
teams,  and  is  prepared  to  fill  the  most  extensive  orders  on  short  notice. 
With  an  experience  of  twenty-seven  years  in  the  business,  and  keeping 
a  close  supervision  of  all  its  details,  he  has  achieved  a  leading  position 
among  the  dealers  in  his  line. 

Andrew  Bolter  &  Sons,  Illinois  Iron-works,  172  and  174  East  Van 
Buren  Street.  This  business  was  established  by  its  present  proprietor 
in  1856.  The  works  are  carried  on  in  a  commodious  building  50  X 125 
feet,  and  employ  from  thirty  to  fifty  skilled  mechanics.  The  line  of 
goods  manufactured  consists  principally  of  iron  building  work,  such  as 
iron  doors,  shutters,  railings  and  ornamental  designs  in  iron.  In  this 


344  MARQUIS    HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

latter  specialty  Mr.  Bolter  lias  no  superior.  He  is  himself  an  expert 
draughtsman  and  supplies  the  designs.  The  -works  are  fitted  up  with 
all  the  machinery  and  appliances  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  the 
business,  and  all  the  operations  of  the  works  are  under  the  personal 
supervision  of  himself  and  his  two  sons,  Joseph  C.  and  Edward  Bolter. 
The  long  and  honorable  career  of  Mr.  Bolter  has  always  been  prosper- 
ous, except  when  he,  in  common  with  so  many  thousands  of  others, 
was  burned  out  in  the  great  fire  of  1871.  But  since  he  rebuilt  after  the 
fire  his  business  has  been  more  extensive  than  ever,  the  improved 
character  of  the  buildings  since  erected  causing  an  enhanced  demand 
for  the  goods  of  Mr.  Bolter's  manufacture. 

G.  A.  Crosby  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  presses  and  dies,  and  spe- 
cial machinery  for  sheet-metal  workers,  259  to  263  Randolph  Street. 
This  business  was  established  in  1866  by  Mr.  G.  A.  Crosby.  The 
factory  is  commodious  and  completely  equipped  with  all  the  machinery 
and  necessary  appliances  for  the  business,  and  gives  employment  to  a 
large  force  of  competent  mechanics.  They  manufacture  presses  and 
dies  suitable  for  every  description  of  work,  and  special  machinery  of 
all  kinds  for  the  use  of  sheet-metal  workers.  All  the  machines  pro- 
duced by  this  factory  are  of  the  latest  and  most  approved  design,  em- 
bacing  every  principle  calculated  to  enhance  their  usefulness,  and  made 
in  the  most  complete  and  substantial  manner.  The  firm  does  a  very 
large  business  among  the  leading  metal  workers  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  and  supply  machinery  to  meat-canning  establishments, 
not  only  in  this  country,  but  also  in  New  Zealand,  Australia  and  South 
America.  They  are  prepared  to  fill  orders  on  short  notice  and  in  the 
most  satisfactory  manner,  and  have  built  up  their  high  reputation  and 
great  success  by  the  superior  merit  of  their  work. 

Hughes  &  Johnson,  general  lithographers  and  steam  press  printers, 
253  and  255  East  Kinzie  Street.  This  firm,  composed  of  Thomas 
Hughes  and  Peter  C.  Johnson,  was  established  in  1879,  removing  to 
their  present  building  in  1884.  They  occupy  ten  floors,  each  50X 100 
feet,  equipped  with  all'  modern  machinery,  and  employ  from  fifty  to 
sixty  skilled  workmen.  They  have  a  large  and  growing  patronage  in 
Chicago,  the  West  and  Northwest,  and  receive  large  orders  from  New 
Zealand,  Canada,  and  other  foreign  countries.  Their  specialty  is  de- 
signing and  printing  fine  colored  show  cards,  and  their  stock  of  goods 
and  material  is  very  large.  They  conduct  their  business  with  enter- 
prise and  judgment,  and  enjoy  the  confidence  and  patronage  of  the 
trade. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOR  OF  CHICAGO.  345 

J.  Leland  Fogg,  dealer  in  garden  seeds,  31  Michigan  Avenue.  In 
1843  James  P.  Fogg,  father  of  the  present  proprietor,  started  the  bus- 
iness of  this  house  at  Kochester,  N.  Y.  He  established  the  Chicago 
house  in  1863,  as  the  Western  Seed  Co.,  which  afterward  became  J.  P. 
Fogg,  Son  &  Bro.  In  1886  the  present  proprietor  purchased  the 
entire  business,  which  has  attained  mammoth  proportions,  employing 
forty  persons  in  its  packing  and  shipping  department.  The  seeds  are 
purchased  in  all  parts  of  America  and  Europe,  and  are  raised  by  con- 
tracts, conditioned  that  they  must  germinate  at  a  very  high  percent- 
age, otherwise  they  are  not  received.  The  goods  are  placed  with  mer- 
chants throughout  the  country  for  sale  on  commission/  If  any  remain 
at  the  end  of  the  season  they  are  returned,  and  at  the  opening  of  the 
ensuing  season  a  fresh  stock  is  supplied.  This  is  the  only  establish- 
ment in  Chicago  dealing  exclusively  in  garden  seeds. 

Charles  L.  Tate,  manufacturer  of  artificial  limbs,  was  born  in 
Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1846,  and  left  there  with  his  parents,  Henry 
W.  and  Mary  Tate,  at  the  age  of  twelve  years,  moving  to  the  present 
town-side  of  Hinsdale,  111.,  where  they  rented  a  farm.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  country  schools,  completing  his  studies  at  the  academy 
built  at  Hinsdale  several  years  after  taking  up  his  residence  there.  He 
went  to  Philadelphia,  Penu.,  in  1865,  but  returned  to  the  West  and 
located  at  West  Lyons,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Eailroad, 
and  was  appointed  agent  of  the  company.  He  also  opened  a  store,  and 
was  appointed  postmaster,  afterward  giving  this  up  to  take  a  position 
on  a  passenger  train  on  the  railroad.  He  came  to  Chicago,  and  was 
foreman  of  the  Howe  Sewing  Machine  Shop  after  the  fire,  and  subse- 
quently was  employed  by  the  Singer  Manufacturing  Company,  and  the 
Wilson  Sewing  Machine  Company,  also  the  Wheeler  &  Wilson  Sewing 
Machine  Company,  soon  becoming  expert  in  the  sewing  machine  busi- 
ness. His  mechanical  genius  attracted  the  attention  of  the  manufac- 
turer of  artificial  limbs  for  Sharp  &  Smith,  and  he  was  induced  to  enter 
the  employ  of  that  firm,  remaining  with  them  most  of  the  time  from 
1875  to  1883,  when  he  concluded  to  open  business  for  himself,  and 
occupied  for  one  year,  a  portion  of  a  store  with  S.  S.  Bliss,  on  Ran- 
dolph Street.  He  is  at  present  located  in  the  Bryant  Block,  No.  89 
Randolph  Street.  His  superior  mechanical  abilities  have  rendered 
him  good  service,  enabling  him  to  already  build  up  a  satisfactory  busi- 
ness and  his  customers  are  well  pleased  with  the  limbs  furnished.  He 
speaks  of  one  customer  who  has  for  some  time  worn  an  artificial 
leg  of  his  manufacture,  who  entered  a  contest  for  a  prize  given  to  the 


346 


MARQUIS    HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 


best  waltzer  and  who  captured  the  prize.  Mr.  Tate  manufactures  appli- 
ances pertaining  to  physical  deformities,  and  has  had  remarkable 
success  in  fulfilling  his  promises  of  satisfactory  results.  His  persistent 
efforts  to  attain  superiority,  and  his  pride  in  his  profession  will  undoubt- 
edly accomplish  a  noteworthy  success. 

The  Chicago  Window  Shade  Works,  Kaumeier  &  Anderson,  proprie- 
tors, Nos.  75  and  77  Market  Street,  are  convenient  and  capacious, 
being  thoroughly  equipped  for  the  purposes  to  which  they  are  devoted-; 
they  employ  a  large  force  of  skilled  workmen  in  the  manufacture  of 
every  style  of  window  shades  and  carry  a  full  line  and  complete  stock 
of  shade  cloth,  fixtures,  and  trimmings.  Mr.  Kaumeier  is  an  experi- 
enced designer  and  has  every  facility  for  making  fancy  dadoes  and 

borders  and  decorating  window 
shades,  his  experience  and  skill  en- 
abling him  to  compete  with  any  of 
the  Eastern  houses.  The  firm  have 
an  extensive  local  trade,  and  daily 
receive  orders  for  their  goods  from 
all  parts  of  the  countrj'.  Their  place 
is  also  headquarters  for  the  Tripp  ad- 
justable shade  bar,  which  is  a  new 
and  convenient  trimming  for  the 
bottom  end  of  window  shades.  The 
accompanying  cut  shows  the  bar  at- 
tached to  the  shade.  For  a  neat  and 
durable  trimming  this  bar  is  highly 
recommended,  and  all  orders  for  the 
same  receive  the  promptest  attention 
of  Messrs.  Katimeier  &  Anderson,  and 
all  work  done  by  them  is  guaranteed  to  be  entirely  satisfactory.  The 
large  and  prosperous  business  which  the  firm  control  is  the  fullest 
possible  proof  of  the  popular  esteem  in  which  their  house  is  held  in 
commercial  circles.  They  are  gentlemen  of  high  social  abilities,  as 
well  as  the  best  business  qualifications,  and  are  deserving  of  the  pros- 
perity which  has  always  crowned  their  efforts. 

The  Chicago  Forge  and  Bolt  Co.  was  organized  and  incorporated 
in  1880,  and  at  once  became  an  important  factor  in  Chicago's  indus- 
trial enterprise.  Its  operations  have  steadily  increased  from  the 
start,  and  its  trade  now  extends  to  every  part  of  theWest,  Northwest,  and 
South.  The  works  of  the  company,  located  at  Fortieth  Street  and 


CHICAGO  WINDOW  SHADE  WORKS,  75  AND 
77  MARKET  STREET. 


MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO.  347 

Stewart  Avenue,  and  corner  Michigan  and  Franklin  Streets,  respec- 
tively, are  among  the  largest  and  best  equipped  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments in  the  city.  They  are  wanting  in  no  requisite  necessary  to 
the  rapid  and  economical  prosecution  of  the  industry  to  which  they  are 
devoted,  and  they  contain  much  valuable  and  powerful  machinery  to 
be  found  in  no  similar  works.  The  iron  testing  machine  in  use  here 
is  the  largest  and  most  powerful  in  this  country,  excepting  only  those 
owned  by  the  national  government.  The  range  of  manufacture 
-embraces  car  axles,  iron  and  steel  shafting,  shape  work,  dock  rods, 
forgiugs,  blacksmith  work,  rods  and  bolts  of  all  kinds,  iron  bridges, 
viaducts,  iron  roofs,  engine  turn-tables,  iron  and  wooden  cranes,  der- 
ricks, etc.,  and,  in  fact,  everything  pertaining  to  forging,  iron  bridge 
building  and  miscellaneous  railroad  supplies.  A  large  force  of  skilled 
workmen  are  employed,  the  best  materials  only  are  admitted  into  the 
manufacture,  and  the  output  of  the  works  is  recognized  by  the  trade  as 
of  the  very  highest  quality  to  be  obtained.  The  general  office  of  the 
company  is  at  No.  234  S.  Clark  Street,  and  the  officers  are:  A.  E.  Adams, 
Pres.,  Fred  M.  Steele,  Sec.,  Francis  King,  Treas.,  and  C.  Weatherson, 
Supt. 

The  G.  M.  Jarvis  Co.,  wine  growers  and  dealers,  office  and  sales- 
rooms, 39  North  State  Street.  This  business  was  begun  in  1860  by  Mr. 
G.  M.  Jarvis,  and  was  incorporated  into  a  stock  company  in  1885,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  $50,000,  and  officered  as  follows:  G.  M.  Jarvis, 
president,  and  J.  F.  Jarvis,  secretary.  The  vineyards  are  in  Santa 
Cruz  County,  California,  where  they  were  planted  by  Mr.  Jarvis  in 
1860,  and  during  a  quarter  of  a  centui-y  the  wines  and  brandies  manu- 
factured from  them  have  become  famous,  and  the  name  of  "The  G.  M. 
Jarvis  Co."  is  known  all  over  the  country.  They  were  awarded  the  first 
prize  for  the  best  wines  and  brandies  at  the  World's  Fair,  New  Orleans; 
at  the  Illinois  State  .Fair,  held  at  Springfield,  in  1872,  and  several  other 
first  prizes  on  other  occasions,  thus  attesting  the  superiority  of  the 
goods  over  all  others.  The  Messrs.  Jarvis  also  hold  unqualified  testi- 
monials as  to  the  absohite  purity  of  their  wines  and  brandies  from  the 
most  eminent  analytical  and  assaying  chemists  and  physicians  in  the 
United  States.  The  capacity  of  the  vintages  and  distilleries  is  150. 000 
gallons  of  wine  and  25,000  gallons  of  brandy  yearly,  and  the  trade  of  the 
house  extends  to  nearly  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  is  rapidly 
increasing  in  volume.  A  very  large  demand  comes  from  the  wholesale 
drug  trade  (the  goods  being  recommended  by  physicians),  and  the 
wines  and  brandies  are  in  wide  demand  for  family  use.  The  G.  M.  Jar- 


348  MARQUIS'  HAND-BOOK  OF  CHICAGO. 

vis  Co.  are  also  agents  for  Arpad,  Haraszth  &  Co.'s  Famous  Eclipse 
Champagne. 

Geo.  Daniels'  composing  and  printing  rooms  were  originally  estab- 
lished at  No.  69  Dearborn  Street,  in  1878;  but  his  growing  business 
soon  demanded  more  room  and  increased  facilities,  and  in  1881  the 
present  commodious  quarters  at  Nos.  79  and  81  Randolph  Street  were 
occupied.  The  office  affords  excellent  conveniences  for  conducting 
the  printing  business.  It  is  equipped  with  typographic  appliances, 
which,  for  extent  and  variety,  are  surpassed  by  few  of  the  most  exten- 
sive printing  establishments.  Mr.  Daniels  has  always  given  special 
attention  to  the  composition  of  books,  pamphlets,  catalogues  and  peri- 
odical literature,  and  many  works  requiring  special  accuracy  in  typo- 
graphical preparation  and  the  most  perfect  proof-reading,  have  been 
"set  up"  in  his  establishment.  The  composition  for  "Marquis'  Hand- 
Book  of  Chicago"  was  done  in  this  office;  as  has  also  been  that  of  many 
other  important  historical  works,  and  theological,  scientific  and  literary 
publications.  Among  the  periodicals  regularly  issued  from  this  office 
are  the  following:  "The  Universalist,"  "American  Artisan,"  "Stationer 
and  Printer,"  "Picture  and  Art  Trade,"  "Mining  Review,"  "Song 
Friend,"  "Record  and  Appeal,"  "Watchmaker  and  Metalworker."  The 
house  is  also  prepared  to  execute  all  kinds  of  commercial  job  printing. 

O.  A.  Thorp  &  Co.,  exporters  and  importers,  218  LaSalle  Street, 
Insurance  Exchange  Building,  constitute  a  leading  and  representative 
house  in  their  line  of  business.  The  business  was  founded  in  1880, 
and  has  grown  steadily  in  volume  and  magnitude,  the  transactions 
embracing  the  purchase  and  sale  of  provisions,  grain,  seeds,  etc.,  on 
commission,  and  the  exporting  of  grain  and  provisions,  etc.,  to  Europe, 
and  in  turn  importing  European  goods  to  this  country,  a  special 
feature  of  the  latter  being  the  importation  of  herring  and  other  cured 
fish.  A  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  formerly  a  resident  of 
Christiana,  the  principal  seaport  of  Norway,  where  his  established  bus- 
iness relations  are  of  the  most  advantageous  character,  Mr.  Thorp 
possesses 'every  facility  for  successfully  and  satisfactorily  conducting 
his  rapidly  growing  trade. 


FULL  PAGES. 

PAGE. 

CENTRAL  BAPTIST  CHURCH 177 

CHICAGO   RIVER 59 

COUNTY  COURTHOUSE  AND  CITY  HALL 63 

FAKWELL,  J.  V.  &  Co 295 

FIEST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 193 

GRACELAND  CEMETERY,  ENTRANCE  TO 164 

GRACELAND  CEMETERY,  SCENES  IN 167 

KEITH,  EDSON  &  Co 301 

MCCOY'S  EUROPEAN  HOTEL 273 

NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 211 

OLD  BLOCK  HOUSE  AND  LIGHTHOUSE 21 

PALIER  HOUSE £69 

PASSENGER  DEPOT,  POLK  STREET  AND  FOURTH  AVENUE 51 

PULLMAN  BUILDING 31 

ROSEHILL  CEMETERY,  SCENES  IN 161 

STUDEBAKEH  BROS t 329 

UNION  DEPOT,  CANAL  STREET 45 

UNION  PARK,  SCENE  IN 91 

U.  S.  LIFE  SAVING  STATION 123 

WASHINGTON  PARK,  SCENES  IN 87 

WASHINGTON  PARK,  SCENES  IN 89 

WOLF  POINT 11 

SMALLER  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Allerton  Monument 167 

Alexian  Bros.'  Hospital 109 

Art  Institute  Building 230 

Bates  Monument 167 

Board  of  Trade  Building 262 

Calumet  Club  House 135 

Carpenter,  Geo.  B.  &  Co. 'a  Puild- 

ings 304,  305,  306 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Name 198 

Central  Music  Hall 241 

Chicago,  Site  of 6 

Chicago  Athenaeum 215 

Chicago  Avenue  Church 188 

Chicago  Club  House  (interior  view)  133 

Chicago  Herald  Building 255 

Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless..  104 

Chicagoin  1845 17 

Chicago  Nursery  and  Half-Orphan 

Asylum 118 

Church  of  the  Messiah 2O2 

Clement,  Bane  &  Co 311 

Coffin,  Devoe  &  Co 319 

Collector's  Office— U.  S.  Customs...  67 

Columbia  Theatre 237 

Daily  News  Building 252 

Douglas  Monument 93 

Drexel  Fountain 06 

Dunfee,  J.  &  Co 315 


Elgin  National  Watch  Co 299 

Evening  Journal  Building 246 

First  Baptist  Church 174 

First  House  Erected  in  the  Burnt 

District 22 

First  House  in  Chicago 5 

First  National  Bank 285 

First  Regiment  Armory 78 

Fort  Dearborn,  Site  of 15 

Foundlings'  Home 101 

Fox  Lake  Shooting  and  Fishing  Club 

House 153 

Fuller,  Warren  &  Co 323 

Graceland  Cemetery,  Scenes  in 167 

Grand  Opera  House 239 

Home  for  the  Friendless 104 

Hooley's  Theatre 238 

Hospital  of  the  Alexian  Brothers..  109 
Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  In- 
firmary   107 

Kean,  S.'A.  &  Co 287 

LaSalle  Street  Tunnel 36 

Leland  Hotel 271 

Lincoln  Park,  Scene  in 84 

McClurg.A.C.  &Co 291 

McGrath,  John  J 290 

Mercy  Hospital 113 

"Moody's  Church" , , 188 


350 


INDEX   TO  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


North  Side  Water  Works  Tower. ...     71 

Old  Saloon  Building 18 

Open  Board  of  Trade 264 

Police  Patrol , 74 

Postofflce % 66 

Presbyterian  Hospital 216 

Rosehill  Cemetery,  Views  in 161 

Bush  Medical  College 216 

St.  John's  Episcopal  Church 179 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital Ill 

Scoville  Institute 337 

Second  Court  House  in  Chicago 64 

Sinai  Temple 201 

Studebaker  Bros 329 

Taylor  Mausoleum 167 


The ''Cottaee" .     95 

Tribune  Building 249 

Union  Club  House 137 

Union  Park  Congregational  Church  185 

U.  S.  Government  Building 66 

U.  S.  Marine  Hospital 119 

U.  S.  Sub  Treasury  Office 67 

University  of  Chicago 209 

Washingtonian  Home 115 

Washington  Park  Club  House 146 

Water  Works  Tower 71 

Western  Avenue  M.  E.  Church 191 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
Building 205 


IKDEX  TO  TEXT. 


Abram  Cox  Stove  Co 309 

Academy  of  Music :  236 

Albion  Cricket  Club 156 

Aldine  Square 94 

Alexian  Bros.' Hospital 109 

Allen,  Charles  A.,  Gold  and  Silver 

Plating 340 

Allouez,  Rev.  Claude 173 

American   Association   of   the  Red 

Cross 122 

American  Electrical  Association 234 

American  Humane  Association 121 

American  Institute  of  Hebrew 220 

American  Sunday  School  Union 206 

American  Waltham  Watch  Co 333 

Amusement,  Places  of. 235-244 

Anthracite  Coal  Association 266 

Apollo  Hall 242 

Apollo  Musical  Club 257 

Arbeiter-Zeitung  (Newspaper) 255 

Armory  Bicycle  Club 156 

Armour,  George  (Library) 225 

Armstrong  George  Buchanan 68 

Art  Institute,  The 229 

Art  Institute  Library 226 

Art  Schools 229-232 

ARTS  AND  SCIENCES 229-234 

Asay,  E.  G.  (Library) 224 

Astronomical  Society 233 

Audubon  Club 152 

Aurora  Turn  Verein 144 

Bachelor,  Rev.  Geo 203 

Badin,  Rev.  Stephen 173 

Baird  &  Bradley 277 

Baldwin,  Byron  A.,  &  Co.,  Real  Es- 
tate   280 

Baldwin,  B.  D.,  &  Co.,  Perfumers..  330 

Baldwin  &  Durham.  Furniture 339 

Baltimore,  Ohio  &  Chicago  Railroad    55 

Bands  of  Mercy 124 

Bangs,  Geo.  S.  (Monument) 16O 

Bank  Clearings 288 

Bankers'  Club 138 

Banks 283 

Banks  and  Bankers 283 

Baptist  Theological  Seminary 219 

Barbour  Bros.  Co.,  Linen  Thread...  314 


Barnard  &  Calkins,  Real  Estate 278 

Barnes  &  Parrish 282 

Barrows,  Rev.  John  H 194 

Barry,  S.  S.  &  Co 302 

Bartlett,  J.  A.,  Real  Estate 281 

Bates,  Eli  (Grave) ]  68 

Bear  and  Wolf  Hunting 18 

Beanbien,  Alexander 173 

Beaubien,  Mark 15,  16,  17 

•Beethoven  Society 257 

Belt  Railway 55 

Bennett  College  of  Eclectic  Medicine 

and  Surgery 217 

Bennett  Free  Dispensary. 127 

Bennett  Hospital 1 21 

Benevolent  Institutions 99-130 

Benevolent  and  Mutual  Aid  Societies  130 

Bethel 124 

Beth  Hemidrash  Hagadol  Congrega- 
tion Cemetery 172 

Black  Hawk 15 

B'nai  Abraham  Congregation  Ceme- 
tery   172 

B'nai  Sholom  Cemetery 171 

Bicycle  Clubs 156 

Billings,  Sheldon  &  Co.,  Iron  Mines, 

etc 322 

Bineteau,  Rev 173 

Biake,  Shaw  &  Co.,  Dake  Bakery...  321 

Blakely  Printing  Co 303 

Blauer  Watch  Case  Co 343 

Board  of  Marine  Underwriters 266 

Board  of  Trade 261 

Boat  Clubs 148-1 51 

Bohemian  Art  Club 231 

Bohemian  Gymnastic  Association...  143 

Bogue&  Hoyt 282a 

Bolter,  Andrew  <fe  Sous,  Iron  Works  343 

Boone,  Levi  D.  (Mayor) 21 

Boss  Horse  Shoers'  Protective  Assn.  266 

Boulevards 81,  94-98 

Boyington,  W.  W.,  Architect 331 

Brown,  Pettibonc  &  Co.,  Printers  & 

Stationers "  298 

Bridges 35 

Builders'  and  Traders'  Exchange. . .  265 
Building  Department. 70 


INDEX   TO   TEXT. 


351 


BURIAL  PLACES,  THE 159-172 

Burr  Mission 305 

Burr's  Grave 168 

BUSINESS  HOUSES 289 

Campbell  Printing  Press  Co 296 

Calhoun,  John 17,  245 

Calumet  Club 134 

Calvary  Cemetery 162 

Campbell  Park 92,  93 

Camp  Douglas 77 

Canadian  Club 145 

Games  &  Coombs.  Abstracts 282 

Carpenter,  Geo.  B.,  &  Co 304-306 

Casino  Theatre 244 

Cathedral  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul ISO 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Name 198 

Catlin  Boat  Club 150 

Cemeteries 159-172 

Centenary  M.  E.  Church 189 

Central  Baptist  Church 176 

Centennial  Baptist  Church 178 

Central  Boulevard 97 

Central  Church  (Prof.  Swing's) 186 

Central  Church  of  Christ 178 

Central  Driving  Park 244 

Central  Free  Dispensary 126 

Central  Homeopathic  Free  Dispen- 
sary.   127 

Central  Music  Hall 241 

Chandler-Brown  Co.,  Commission..  333 

ChanningClub 141 

CHAEITT  AND  BENEVOLENCE 99-130 

Charity  Organization  Society 125 

Chebra  Geiniluth  Chasadim  Ceme- 
tery   171 

Chebra  Kadisha  Ubikur  Cholim 129 

Chebra  KaaishaUbikurCholimCeme- 

tery 171 

Checaugou  Kiver 7 

Cheney,  Eev.  Chas.  Edward 182 

Chicago  Academy  of    Homeopathic 

Physicians  and  Surgeons 157 

Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences 232 

Chicago  &  Alton  Bailroad 47 

Chicago  &  Atlantic  Bailroad 56 

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  R.  R.  Co.    48 

Chicago  <fe  Evanston  Railroad 56 

Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railway. ...    50 
Chicago  &  Northwestern    Railway 

Company 40,  41 

Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railway . .    52 
Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  Railroad    53 

Chicago  &  Western  Railroad 55 

CHICAGO  (An  Historical  Sketch  of) . .       5 

Chicago  Art  League 231 

Chicago    Association    of    ex-Union 

Prisoners  of  War 148 

Chicago  Athenaeum 214 

Chicago  Athenaeum  Library 224 

Chicago  a  Town  (Incorporated) 14 

Chicago  Avenue  Church  (Moody 's)..  188 

Chicago  Bar  Association 142 

Chicago  Base  Ball  Club 156 

Chicago  Bethel 124 

Chicago  Bible  Society 204 

Chicago  Bicycle  Club 156 

Chicago  Boa'rd  of  Trade.  261 

Chicago    Board  of    Trade    Battery 

Association 147 

Chicago  Boot,  Shoe  &  Leather  Asso- 
ciation   266 


Chi  cago  BoardofUnd  erwriter  s 266 

Chicago  Bowlinar  Club 155 

Chicago  Brick  Makers'  Association..  266 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road      44 

Chicago  Canoe  Club 151 

Chicago  Cigar   Manufacturers'   and 

Dealers*  Association 266 

Chicago  City  Railway  Company 37 

Chicago  Clearing  House 266 

Chicago  Club 1 33 

Chicago  College  of  Pharmacy 218 

Chicago  College  of  Physicians  and 

Surgeons '. 219 

Chicago  Cricket  Club 155 

Chicago  Curling  Club 155 

Chicago  Daily  News 251 

Chicago  Democrat 17 

Chicago  Demokrat 255 

Chicago  Dental  Infirmary 218 

Chicago  Dental  Society 157 

Chicago  Drapers'  and   Tailors'  Ex- 
change  266 

Chicago  Dredging  &  Dock  Co 341 

Chicago  Driving  Park 244 

Chicago  Drug,    Paint  and  Oil   Ex- 
change  264 

Chicago  Eclectic  Medical  and  Surgical 

Society 157 

Chicago  Electrical  Society 234 

Chicago  Evening  Mail 256 

Chicago  Exchange  for  Women'sWork  127 

Chicago  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary 20 

Chicago  Female  College 22O 

Chicago  Forge  &  Bolt  Co 346 

Chicago  Furniture  Storage  Co 320 

Chicago  Gynaecological  Society......  158 

Chicago  Herald,  The 254 

Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless  —  103 
Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Chil- 
dren   102 

Chicago  Historical  Society 222 

Chicago  Incorporated  a  City 19 

Chicago  Jewelers'  Association 266 

Chicago  Lady  Quartette 258 

Chicago  Law  Institute  Library 223 

Chicago  Liberal  League 139 

Chicago  Light  Infantry  (colored)  —     79 

Chicago  Literary  Club 131 

Chicago  Liverymen's  Association 266 

Chicago  Mail 256 

Chicago  Manual  Training  School 213 

Chicago  Master  Masons'  and  Builders' 

Association  266 

Chicago  Master  Plumbers'  Associa- 
tion   266 

Chicago  Mechanics'  Institute 219 

Chicago  Medical  College 217 

Chicago  Medical  Press  Association..  157 

Chicago  Medical  Society 158 

Chicago  Medico-Historical  Society..  157 
Chicago  Mercantile  Battery  Veteran 

Association 147 

Chicago  Merchants'  Club 136 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fe  St.  Paul  Rail- 
way     48 

Chicago  Mining  Exchange 263 

Chicago  Museum  and  Theatre 240 

Chicago  Musical  College 220 

Chicago  Nursery  and   Half -Orphan 
Asylum 117 


352 


INDEX   TO   TEXT, 


Chicago  Musical  Club 259 

Chicago  Numismatic   and    Archaeo- 
logical Society ' 234 

Chicago  Passenger  By.  Co 38 

Chicago  Open  Board  of  Trade 264 

Chicago  Opera  House 240 

Chicago  Orphan  Asylum •. .  108 

Chicago  Passenger  Railway  Co 38 

Chicago  Photographic  Association..  148 

Chicago  Polo  Club 156 

Chicago  Pottery  Club 232 

Chicago  Quartette 258 

Chicago  Racquet  Club 156 

Chicago  Rawhide  Manufacturing  Co  320 

Chicago  Real  Estate  Board 265 

Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society 99 

Chicago  Retail  Coal  Dealers'  Associ- 
ation  266 

Chicago  River 58-7 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
way  46-40 

Chicago  Sabbath  Association 206 

Chicago  Sharpshooters'  Association  152 

Chicago  Shooting  Club 154 

Chicago  Society  of  Decorative  Art..   231 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburg  Rail- 
Road 48 

Chicago  Stained  Glass  Works 318 

Chicago  Stock  Exchange 265 

Chicago  Theological  Seminary 219 

Chicago  Tribune,  The ." 248 

Chicago  Turngemeinde 143 

Chicago  Union  Veteran  Club 146 

Chicago  Vessel  Owners'  Association.  266 
Chicago  Veterans    of   the   Mexican 

War 147 

Chicago  West  Division  Railway  Com- 
pany     38 

Chicago  "W  indow  Shade  Works 346 

Chicago  Women's  Club 132 

Chicago  Yacht  Club 148 

Chicago  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation   205 

Cholera  Visits  the  City 25 

Christ  Church  (Reformed  Episcopal)  1 82 

Churches 171-206 

Churches    of    Chicago — Number    of 

each  denomination 204 

Church  of  the  Epiphany 182 

Church  of  the  Holy  Name 198 

Church  of  the  Messiah  (Unitarian) . .  202 
Cincinnati,   Indianapolis,  St.  Louis 

&  Chicago  Railway 54 

Citizens' Association 141 

City  Hall 61-62-64 

City  Hall  (the  first) 19 

CITY  GOVEKNMENT,  THE 69-76 

City  Officials 69-76 

City's  Water  System 71-73 

Clan-Na-Gael  Guards 79 

Clearing  House,   Chicago 266 

Clearing  House  Statistics 288 

Clement,  Bane  &  Co.,  Clothing 311 

Clinical  Society  of  Hahnemann  Hos- 
pital   158 

CLUBS  AND  SOCIETIES,  THE 131-158 

Cobb,  Oscar,  Architect 334 

Coffin,  Devoe&  Co 319 

Colleges 207-220 

Collegiate  Department  of  theChicago 
Dental  Infirmary 219 


Collier,  Rev,  Laird 202 

Collyer,  Rev,  Robert 202-203 

Commercial  Club 136 

Commercial  Exchange 264 

Commissioner  of  Pensions 67 

Concordia  Cemetery 17O 

Confederate  Dead 170 

Congress  Park 92-93 

Cook  County  Hospital 114 

Cook  County  Infirmary 121 

Cook  County  Insane  Asylum 120 

Cook  County  Organized 14 

Cook  County  Normal  and  Training 

School 210 

Cook  County  Sunday  School  Associa- 
tion   206 

Cook  County  Teachers' Association..  143 

Couch  Tomb,  The 82 

County  Court  House  (new) 61 

Court  House  (old) 19-62-64 

County  Jail 65 

Cox,  Abram,  Stove  Co 309 

Cricket  Clubs 155 

Criminal    Court    and    County    Jail 

Buildings 65 

Criterion  Theater 243 

Crosby,  G.  A.,  &  Co.,  Dies,  etc 344 

Cumberland  Gun  Club 151 

Cunningham,  The  James,  Son  &  Co., 

Carriages 293 

Current,  The 256 

Custom  House  (U.  S.) 66-67 

Custom  Cutters'  Association 266 

Dahinter,  Feulner  &    Scott,   Glass 

Stainers 331 

Daily  National  Hotel  Reporter. 256 

Damen,  Rev.  Arnold 199 

Dania  Society 157 

Daniels  George 348 

Danish  Veteran  Society 130 

Davis  &  Morse  Co 302 

Deaconess  Institute  and  Hospital..  126 

Deak  Verein ; .  128 

Dearborn  Observatory 233 

Dearborn  Observatory  Library 226 

Dearborn  Park 93 

Delaware  Boat  Club 151 

Department  of  Public  Works 70 

Department  of  Finance 70 

DeSaible  Baptiste  Point 8 

Diana  Hunting  Club 154 

Dibblee,  The  Henry  Co.,  Mantles,  etc  314 

Dickinson,  Albert,  Seeds 306 

Diebold  Safe  &  L9ck  Co 307 

Division  of  the  Missouri,  U.  S.  A 78 

Dole,  Geo.  W 16 

Douglas  Boulevard 97 

Douglas  Monument 93 

Douglas  Park 86 

Douglas,  Stephen  A 93-94 

Drexel  Boulevard 96 

Drexel  Fountain 96 

Drovers'  Journal 256 

Dunfee,  J.,  &  Co.,  Wood  Carpet 315 

Edbrooke,  Geo,  H.,  Architect 334 

Educational  Department 62-76-207 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS 207-22O 

Eighth  Presbyterian  Church 196 

Eighty-second  Illinois  Veteran  So- 
ciety   144 

Eintracht  Liederkranz 260 


INDEX   TO   TEXT. 


353 


Elgin  National  Watch  Co 299 

Ely,  Edward  &  Co 308 

Elide,  Mrs.  Amelia 213 

English  Lake  Shooting  and  Fishing 

Club 155 

EllisPark 94 

Erie  Express 312 

Erring  Woman's  Refuge 118 

Evanston  Boat  Club 150 

Evening  Journal 246 

Evening  Mail 256 

Evening  News 251 

Evening  Telegram 255 

EXCHANGES.  THE 261-266 

Exposition  Building 26,242 

Fallows,  Rev.  Samuel 183 

Farwell  Hall 242 

Far  well,  John  V.,  &  Co.,  Wholesale 

Dry  Goods 294,  295 

Farraerut  Boat  Club 149 

Feehan,  The  Most  Rev.  Patrick  A 1 98 

Fidalia,  The  (Singing  Society) 260 

Field,  Benedict    &  Co.,  Wholesale 

Woolens 326 

Fifth  Presbyterian  Church 1 96 

Financial  Institutions 283 

Fire  Department 75,  76 

Fireof  1874 25 

First  Baptist  Church 173 

First  Congregational  Church 1 83 

First  German  Baptist  Church 203 

First  M.E.  Church 189 

First  National  Bank 285 

First  Newspaper 17 

First  Presbyterian  Church 192 

First  Public  Building 14 

First  Slaughtering  and  Packing 16 

First  Vessel  to  Arrive  (Schooner  Tra- 
cy)      57 

First  White  Child  Born  in  Chicago. .     10 
FitzSimons  &  Connell,  Contractors    325 

Floating  Hospital  Association 112 

Flood  of  1849 20 

Flour  and  Grain 27 

Fogg,  J.  Leland,  Seeds 345 

Forest  Home  Cemetery 171 

Fortnightly  of  Chicago 131 

Fort  Dearborn 8,  9,  14,  16 

Foundlings'    Home 101 

Fourth  Baptist  Church 17(5 

Fourth  Presbyterian  Church 195 

Fowler    E.    S.    &    W.    S.,    Optical 

Goods 316 

Fox  Lake  Shooting  and  Fishing  Club  153 
Free  Dispensary  of  the  Illinois  Chari- 
table Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary 1 07 

Free  Sons  of  Israel  Cemetery 172 

French  H.  W.,  Carriage  Lamps 242 

Fritz  Renter  Club 148 

Fuller,  Warren  &  Co 323 

Gage-Downs  Corset  Co 297 

Gage  Park 92 

Galena  &  Chicago  Union  Railway. 20,  40 

Garfield  Boulevard 96 

Garibaldi  Legion 1 41 

Garnett,  Wm.   &  Co.,  Real  Estate.. 282a 

Garrett  Biblical  Institute 219 

George  H.  Thomas  Rifle  Club 155 

German  American  Young  Ladies'  In- 
stitute    213 

German  Ladies'  Society 181 


German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Cem- 
etery   171 

Germania  Maennerchor 259 

German  Singing  Societies 259 

German  Society 118 

Giles  Brother  &  Co.,  Jewelers 31O 

Goodman,  Jas.  B.,  &  Co 277 

Goodwin,  Rev.  E.  P 184 

Grace  Episcopal  Church 181 

Grace  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  183 

Grace  M.  E.  Church 190 

Graceland  Cemetery 164 

Grades  of  the  Streets  Raised 24 

Grand  Boulevard 95 

Grand  Opera  House 239 

Grand  Pacific  Hotel 268 

Great  Fire,  The 22 

Greenebaum  Sons,  Mortgage  Bank- 
ers    281 

Groveland  Park 93 

Haddock,  Vallette  &  Rickcords 282 

Hahnemann  Medical  College 217 

Hahnemann  Hospital 1 20 

Hahnemann  Hospital  Dispensary. . .  127 

Haines  Bros.,  Pianos 313 

Halsted  Street  Opera  House 243 

Hammond  Library 219 

Harmonia  Quartette 258 

Harris,  N.  W.  &  Co.,  Bankers 286 

Hatfield,  Rev.  R.   M 189 

Heald,  Capt 10 

Health  Department 76,  62 

Heather   Club 136 

Hebrew  Benevolent  Societv  Cemetery  1 71 

Hedstrom,  E.  L.  &  Co.,  Coal 341 

Helm,  Lieut 10 

Henrotin  Charles 284 

Herald,  The  Chicago 254 

Hereford  Kindergartin 203 

Hermes  Bicycle  Club 156 

Hershey  School  of  Musical  Art 220 

Hibernian  Rifles 79 

Historical  Sketch  of  Chicago 5 

Holt,  Sergt 10 

Holton,  C.  C.,  Furniture 336 

Home  for  Incurables 108 

Home  for  the  Aged  of  the  Little  Sis- 
ters of  the  Poor Ill 

Home  for  the  Friendless 103 

Hooley's  Theatre 238 

Hospital  of  the  Alexian  Brothers...  109 

HOTELS.  THE 267-274 

House  of  Providence 125 

House  of  the   Good  Shepherd 1 05 

Howard,  The  E.  Watch  &  Clock  Co.  326 
Hughes  cfe  Johnson,  Lithographers . .  344 

Hull,   Gen 10 

Humboldt  Boulevard 97 

Humboldt  Park 85 

Hyman,  S.,  &  Co,  Jewelers 293 

Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  60,  39,  40, 

14. 19 

Illinois  Art  Association 232 

Illinois  Association  of  the  Sons  of 

Vermont 140 

Illinois  Central  Railroad 44,  39 

Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  In- 
firmary    107 

Illinois  Club 138 

Illinois  Humane  Society 124 

Illinois  Industrial  School  for  Girls..  214 


354 


INDEX  TO   TEXT. 


Illinois  Iron  Works 343 

Illinois  National  Guard 78 

Illinois  St.  Andrews'  Society 142 

Illinois  Social  Science  Association..  234 

Illinois  Staats-Zeitnng 253 

Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses.  214 

Immanuel  Baptist  Church 175 

Indian  Massacre 13 

Interior  Deparment  (U.  S.) 67 

Internal  Revenue  Collector 67 

Inter  Ocean,  The 250 

Inter-State  Exposition  Co 242 

Ira  H.  Tubbs  Mfg.  Co.,  Carriages  and 

Harness 324 

Irish-American  Club 147 

Irish- American  Council 148 

Irish  Catholic  Colonization  Associa- 
tion   130 

Iroquois  Club 1 39 

Irwin,   D.  W.  (Library) 229 

Jackson  Park 90 

James  Cunningham,  Son  &  Co.,  Car- 
riages   293 

Jarvis,  The  G.  M.  Co.,  Wines 347 

Jefferson  Park 92 

Jefferson  Park  Presbyterian  Church.  196 

"Jesuit  Church" 198,199 

Jewish  Cemeteries 171 

Jewish  Churches 200,  20 1 

Johnson,  Rev.  Herrick 195 

Joliet,  Louis 5 

Jones,  J.  M.  W.  Co 292 

Jurgens,  C.,  &  Bro.,  Electrotypers..  322 

"Kankakee  Route" 54 

Kaumeier  <fc  Anderson 346 

Kean,   S.  A.  <fe  Co 286 

Kehilath  Anshe  Maarab 200 

Kehilath  Anshey  Maarab  Cemetery.  171 

Keith,  Edson&  Co 301 

Kerfoot,  S.  H.  &  Co 276 

Kerwin,  M.  W.,  &  Co.,  Whiskies. ...  340 

Kindergartens 220 

King,  D.  Webster  &   Co.,  Glue 336 

Kinzie  House 9 

Kinzie,  James 15 

Kinzie,  John 9,  10,  12,  13,  14 

Kiuzie,  Robert  A 15 

Kinzie's  Grave 165 

Kohl  &  Middleton's  Museums 243 

Labor  Riots  of  1877 25 

Lackey  Zouaves 80 

Lake  George  Sportsmen's  Associa- 
tion   155 

Lake  Michigan 56 

Lake  Park 93 

Lake   Shore   &  Michigan  Southern 

Railway 43,  40 

Lake  Shore  Drive 98 

Lakeside  Club 139 

Lakeside  Summer  Sanitarium 112 

Lake  View  Rifle  Club... 154 

Langley  Avenue  M.  E.  Church 19O 

Law  Department   (City) 62,70 

Law  Department  (U.S.) 67 

Legislative  Power 69 

Leiter,  L.  Z.  (Library) 225 

Leland  Hotel 271 

LeMai 8 

LIBRARIES,  THE 221-226 

Lincoln  Abraham 15 

Lincoln  Park  Congregational  Church  1 86 


Lincoln  Park 82 

Literary  Clubs 131 

Little,  Rev.  Arthur 184 

Live  Stock 27,  265 

Locke,  Rev.  Clinton 181 

Lorimer,  Rev.  George  C 176 

Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 

Railway 49 

Loyola  Debating  Society 212 

Lyceum  Theatre 243 

Luce,   C.  K.   &  Co.,  Manufacturing 

Agents 324 

Lumber 27 

Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

of  the  Northwest 266 

Lumberman's   Exchange 263 

Lumley,  Wm.,  Desks,  etc 309 

Lyon,  J.  F.,  Real  Estate 281 

McCagg,  E.  B.  (Library) 225 

McClaren,  Bishop 181 

McClurg,  A.  C.  &Co 291 

McCoy,  Rev.  Isaac 1 73 

McCoy's  European  Hotel 272 

McGarry  &  Leonard 317 

McGrath,  John  J 289 

McNeil  Malcom  &  Bros.,  Real  Es- 
tate   278 

McVicker's  Theatre 235 

Madison  Street  Theatre 243 

Mak-Saw-Ba  Club 152 

Manasse,  L.,  Optician 339 

Meyer,  C.  J.  L.  &  Sons  Co.,  Sash, 

Doors,  etc 327 

Military 77 

MILITIA,  THE 77-80 

Miller,  E.  B.  &  Co.,  Teas,  Coffees 

and  Spices 340 

Mantonay,  L.  B.  &  C 332 

Manufacturers ".  .27-28 

Margaret  Fuller  Society 1 40 

Market  Building 62 

Marquette,  Jacques 5,8,173 

Marquis,  A.  N.  &  Co 1 

Martha  Washington  Home 116 

"Mary  Collier  Chapel," 202 

Mascoutin    Indians 7 

Maurice  Porter  Memorial  Hospital ...  110 

Mayors  of  Chicago,  List  of 69 

Medical  Colleges 216-219 

Medical  Science  Club 1 58 

Medical  Societies 157-158 

Medill,  Joseph 250 

Memorial  Baptist  Church 204 

Mercy  Hospital 113 

Miami  Indians 7 

Michael  Reese  Hospital 106 

Michigan  Avenue  Boulevard 94 

Michigan  Central  Railroad 42,  40 

Michigan  Southern  &  Indiana  North- 
ern Railway 40 

Michigan  Southern  Railway 2O 

Midway  Plaisance 92 

Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion    144 

Millard  Avenue  Cricket  Club 156 

Miller,  John 15 

Mih),   Geo.  C 203 

Monrad,  Pushman   <fe  Co.,  Turkish 

Goods 332 

"Moody's  Church" 188 

Moral  Educational  Society 140 

Morgan  Bark  Military  Academy 220 


INDEX  TO  TEXT. 


355 


Morris,  John  W 307 

Mortality  of  the  City 25 

Mount  Greenwood  Cemetery 170 

Mozart  Club 257 

Mulligan's  Grave 162 

Murphy  &  Company,  Varnishes 316 

Museums 240,  243 

Musical  Festival  Association 258 

MUSICAL  SOCIETIES.  THE 257-260 

Music  Schools 220 

Mutual  Trust  Society 325 

National    Association    of    Lumber 

Dealers 266 

National  Bank  of  Illinois 283 

National  Theatre 243 

Neue  Freie  Presse,  The 254 

New       England        Congregational 

Church 184 

Newsboys'  and  Bootblacks'  Associa- 
tion    103 

NEWSPAPER  PRESS,  THE...  245-256,  17 

Newspapers,  The  Number  of 256 

News,  The  Chicago  Daily 251 

New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Ky . .     54 
Nineteenth  Illinois  Infantry,  Volun- 
teer Veteran  Club 144 

Noble,  Mark 9 

Noble,  Eev.  F.  A 185 

North  Chicago  City  Railway  Co 38 

North  Chicago  Sharpshooters' Asso- 
ciation    154 

North  Side 7 

North  Side  Hebrew  Congregational 

Cemetery 172 

Northwestern  University 210 

Oak  Wood  Boulevard 95 

Oakwoods  Cemetery 169 

OgdenBoat  Club 151 

Ogden,  Wm.  B.  (First  Mayor  of  Chi- 
cago)       19 

Ohabey      Emunah       Congregation 

Cemetery 172 

Old  People's  Home 100 

Olympic  Thtatre 243 

Open  Board  of  Trade 264 

Oriental  Quartette 258 

Orphan    Asylum  of   the    Guardian 

Angel 106 

Orpheus  Maennerchor 259 

Orr  &  Locket 317 

Palmer  House 267 

Palmer  House  Livery 332 

Panic  of  1837-38 38-19-20 

Panic  of  1 873 24 

PARKS  AND  BOULEVARDS 81-98 

Park  Avenue  M.  E.  Church 191 

Park  Commissioners 82 

Patton  &  Fisher.  Architects 337 

Parochial  Schools 220 

Payne,  Leroy,  Livery 332 

Peabody,  Francis  B.,  &  Co 277 

People's  Church  (Dr.  Thomas) 187 

People's  Theatre 243 

Philosophical  Society 233 

Pinet,  Rev 173 

Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  <fe  Chicago 

Railway 47,  4O 

PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT, 235-244 

Plattsdeutschen  Verein 141 

Pleasure  Clubs 131 

Plymouth  Congregational  Church ...  1 85 


Police  and  Firemen's  Relief  Fund 127 

Police  Department 73-75 

Political  Conventions 26 

Political  Clubs 131 

Polo  Clubs 156 

Pope  Manufacturing  Co 338 

Pope,  N.  Q.(Libraiy) 225 

Population  of  the  City 26 

Pork  Packers'  Association 266 

Postofflce 66-67 

Pottawotamie  Indians 7 

Presbyterian  Hospital 120 

Press  Club 132 

Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary 

of  the  Northwest 219 

Princess  Polo  Club 157 

Prisoners'  Aid  Association 122 

Private  Art  Collections 232 

Private  Book  Collections 224 

Private  Libraries 224 

Private  Schools 220 

Produce  Exchange 263 

Provident  Woodyard 125 

PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,  THE 61-68 

Public  Halls 241-243 

Public  Library 221 

Public  Schools 207 

Pullman  Athletic  Association 150 

Pullman  Cricket  Club 156 

Quartettes,  The 258 

Quartiers,  Bishop 162 

Ransom's  Grave,  Gen.  E.  G 160 

Railroads 39 

Railroads,  total  mileage  ot,  centering 

in  Chicago 40 

Railway  Exchange 266 

Real  Estate 19,21,25,  26,27 

Real  Estate  Board 265 

Real    Estate   Dealers,  Agents    and 

Loan  Brokers 275 

REAL  ESTATE  INTERESTS 275 

Red  Cross  Association 122 

Relief  Works 121 

RELIGIOUS  INSTITUTIONS,  THE 

173-206 

Rhodes  &  Ramsay  Co.,  Coal,  etc 328 

Rice,  Jno.  A.  (Library) 225 

Riding   Academy I     156 

Ringer,  P.  &  Co..  Bookbinders 318 

Robbins  &  Appleton 333 

Robinson,  [Alexander 15 

Rohan,  Ensign,  George 10 

Roman  Catholic  Churches 197-199 

Rosehill    Cemetery 160 

Rovers  Cricket  Club 156 

Runnion,  James  B.  (Library) 226 

Rush  Medical  College 216 

St.  Boniface  Cemetery 171 

St.  Cecelia  Quartette 258 

St.  Cecelia  Society 258 

St.   Cyr,  Rev.  John  Mary 197 

St.  George's  Benevolent  Association  128 

St.  George's  Cricket  Club 155 

St.  Ignatius'  College 212 

St.  James' Church  (R.  C) 199 

St.  James' Episcopal  Church 178 

St.  John's  Church  (R.  C.) 199 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Friend- 
less   1O2 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital Ill 

St .  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum 116 


356 


INDEX  TO   TEXT. 


St.  Luke's  Free  Hospital Ill 

St.  Mary's  Church 197 

St.  Mary's  Training  School  for  Boys  214 
St.  Paul's  Church  (Reformed  Episco- 
pal)   183 

St.  Paul's  Church  (Universalist) 201 

St.  Xavier's  Academy 213 

Saint  Cecelia  Society 212 

Saint  Vincent's  Asylum 116 

Saloon  Building: 18,  19,  62 

Sanitary  Condition  of  the  City 25 

Saracen  Club 139 

Sargent,  E.  H.  &  Co 338 

Sargent,  Greenleaf  &  Brooks 308 

Saturday  Evening  Herald 254 

Skandinaven   (Newspaper) 255 

Scandinavian  Emigrant   Relief  So- 
ciety      129 

Schimpferman,  Wm.  H.  &  Son 300 

School  Fund 208 

School  of  Lyric  and  Dramatic  Art..  22O 

Schools 207-226 

Schraeder  Brothers,  Real  Estate 280 

Schubert  Quartette 258 

Schumann  Quartette 258 

Schwaben  Verein 129 

Schweitzer  Benevolent  Association.  128 

Schweitzer  &  Beer,  Toys 298 

Schweizer  Msennerchor 259 

Scudder,  Rev.  H.  M 186 

Second  Baptist  Church 175 

Second  Presbyterian  Church 194 

Secret  Societies  (Omitted) 130 

See,  Samuel 15 

See,    William 15 

Servite  Sisters  Industrial  Home  for 

Girls 102 

Sewerage  System,  The 37 

Sherman  House 274 

Shooting  Clubs 152-155 

Silva,  Charles  P.,  Real  Estate 279 

Simpson,  Hall,  Miller  &  Co.,  Silver- 
ware    328 

Sinai  Congregation 201 

Sixth  Presbyterian  Church 196 

Skinner,  Mark  (Library) 225 

Smith,  Perry  H.  (Library) 225 

Social  Clubs 131 

Societa  Operaia  Italiana 128 

Societies  (Social,  Literary,  Political 

Sporting,  Pleasure.  Etc.) 131-158 

Society  for  Ethical  Culture 139 

Society  for  Home    Teaching  of  the 

Blind , 130 

Society  of  the  New  Jerusalem 199 

Sodality  Building 199 

Sons    of  Maine 142 

South  End  Shooting  Club 154 

South    Parks 88 

South  Side 7 

South  Side  Free  Dispensary 126 

Southwest  Chicago    Sharpshooters' 

Association 1 55 

Sportsmen's  Club  of  Chicago 154 

Sporting  Clubs 131 

Standard  Club 136 

Standard  Theatre 236 

State  Microscopical  Society 234 

State  Protective  Association  (Liquor 

Dealers) 266 

Stebbins,  S.  J.,  Hardware 335 


Stevens,  Wm.  C.  &  Co.,  Art  Works.  335 

Street  Railways 37 

Streets  and  Avenues 29 

Streets,  grades  of 24 

Streets,  length  of 30 

Studebaker  Bros.,  Carriages 329 

Suess,  Max  &  Co.,  Stained  Glass...  318 

Sun,  The  (Newspaper) 256 

Surdam,  S.  J.  &  Co.,  Hardware..,. ..  303 

Svea  Society 129,  226 

Svornost,  The 256 

Swedenborgian  Churches 199 

Swedish  Theological  Seminary 219 

Sweet,  Gen.  B.  J 162 

Sweet,  Wallach  &  Co.,  Photograph- 
er's Supplies 33O 

Swerrington,  Lieut.  Jas.  S 8 

Swing,  Prof .  David 186 

Tabernacle  Congregational  Church.  186 

Tansill,  R.  W.,  Cigars 3O9 

Tate,  Charles  L.,  Artificial  Limbs...  345 

Tax  Valuation  of  Real  Estate 26.27 

Teutonia    Maennerchor 260 

Theaters 235 

Theological  Schools 219 

Third  Presbyterian  Church 1 95 

Thirteen  Club 145 

Thirty- fifth  Street  Boulevard 94 

Thomas,  Rev.  Dr.  H.  W 187 

THOROUGHFARES.   THE 29-38 

Thorp,  O.  A  &Co 248 

Throope,  O.  A.  &  Co 348 

Thurber,  W.  S.,  Art  Dealer 242 

Times,  The   Chicago 247 

Tippy  Canoe    Club 151 

Tolleston    Club 151 

Tompkins  &    Mandeville,  Harness 

and  Saddlery 303 

Trade  Associations 266 

Training  School  for  Nurses 214 

TRANSPORTATION    FACILITIES 39-60 

Tremont  House 270 

Tribune,  The    Chicago 248 

Trine,  Dr.  J.  G,  See  Back  of  Cover.. 

Trinity  Episcopal  Church 180 

Trinity  M.  E.  Church 192 

Tubbs,  Ira  H.,  Mnfg.  Co.,  Carriages 

rand  Harness 324 

Tunnels 36 

Turner    Maennerchor 26O 

Turn  Verein  Voerwarts 143 

Twenty-fourth  Illinois  Veteran  So- 
ciety   147 

Underwriters'  Exchange 266 

Ulich  Evangelical  Orphan  Asylum. .  110 

Union  Catholic  Library 223 

Union  Club 136 

Union  College  of  Law 212 

Union  League  Club 138 

Union  League  of  America .145 

Union  Park 92 

Union  Park  Congregational  Church  184 

UnionRiding  Club 156 

Union  Square 93 

Union  Steam  Boiler  Works 317 

Union  Stock  Yards... 265 

Unity  Church 203 

Unity  Church  Industrial  School 220 

Unity   Club 14O 

University  of  Chicago 2O8 

United  Hebrew  Relief  Association..  126 


INDEX   TO   TEXT. 


357 


United  States  Courts 67 

United  States  Custom  House 66-67 

United  States  Government  Building     66 
United  States  Life  Saving  Station..  122 

United  States  Marine  Hospital 119 

United  States  Postoffice 66 

United  States  Sub-Treasury  Office. .     67 

U.  S.  Desk  and  Office  Fitting  Co 309 

Utter.Rev.  David 202 

Van  Bockkelen,  B.  O.,  Commission, 

etc 330 

Van  Voorhis,  Surgeon 10-13 

Vermillion  Gun  Club 155 

Vernon  Park 92 

Veteran  Union  League 144 

Virginia  Society 141 

Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  R'y 52 

Waldheim  Cemetery 171 

Walker,  H.  H.,  Real  Estate 282a 

Wanderers  Cricket  Club 155 

Washington  B  oulevard 98 

Washington  Driving  Park 244 

Washingtonian  Home 115 

Washington  Park 88 

Washington  Park  Club 146 

Washington  Square 93 

Watchmakers'  and  Jewelers'  Asso- 
ciation    266 

Water   Works 71-73 

Weber,  Bernard  F,,  Real  Estate 278 

Weber  Lady  Quartette 258 

Weber  Music   Hall 243 

Wells,  Capt.  William 12,  13 

Wentworth,  Elijah 15 

Western  Avenue  Boulevard 97 

Western  Avenue  M.  E.  Church 191 

Western  Moxie  Nerve  Food  Co 342 


Western  Railroad  Association 266 

Western  Seamen's  Friend  Society..  124 
Western  Society  for  the  Suppression 

of   Vice 129 

Western  Society  of  Engineers 234 

West  Side 7 

West  Side  Club 134 

West  Side  Free  Dispensary 127 

Whistler,  Capt.  John 8 

Whitehead,  Henry 173 

Wicker  Park 92,  93 

Willing,  Henry  (Library) 225 

Williams,  N.  A..  Sewer  Pipe,  etc 343 

Windsor  Theatre 243 

Wisconsin  Central  Line 60 

Wolf  Point 11,  15 

Woman's  Christian  Association 125 

Woman's  Hospital  of  Chicago 110 

Woman's  Medical  College 218 

Woman's  Physiological  Institute...  158 

"Women's  Exchange" 127 

Women's     Homeopathic       Medical 

Society 158 

Woodlawn  Park 93 

Wunder  Cemetery 171 

Young,  John  N.,  Real  Estate 279 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association  205 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association 

(Holland) 204 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association 

(Scandinavian) 205 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association 

Library 224 

Young  Men's  Hebrew  Charity  So- 
ciety   129 

Zinn,  A.  &  Sons,  Shoes 336 

Zion  Congregation 200 


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